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Wlis Btli
1781-87 (insocurate). Corrections of this must he m%de by reference to the prefaces and dedioatione of his works
(of. DNB, aviii. 39798).. FIDELIS, SAINT (MARKUS ROY): German Ca puchin; b. at Sigmaringen (30 m. n.e. of Constance) 1577; d. at Seewis (32 m. s.e. of Schwyz) Apr. 24, 1622. He received a thorough education and stud ied law at Freiburg until 1803, after which he trav eled extensively, and in 1611 settled at Ensisheim as a lawyer. In the same year, he entered the Capuchin Order under the name of Pater Fidelia; after his ordination he studied theology at the monasteries of Constance and Frauenfeld. He then became parish priest successively at Rheinfelden and Freiburg, and finally guardian in the monas tery of Feldkirch. When the Austrians and Span iards seized a portion of the Swiss territories in 1620 and sought to reconvert them to the Roman Catholic Church, the Congregation of the Proper ganda placed Fidelis at the head of the Rhetian mission. On the day of his death he preached in the church of Seewis under the protection of a detachment of soldiers, whereupon the desperate peasants captured the church and routed the troops, murdering the fleeing preacher in the street. His corpse was first buried at Seewis and later at Chur, while his head was interred at Feld kirch. He was canonized by Benedict XIV. on June 29, 1746. (E. BLgsCHt.) BraLIOOSAAPH7: Sources for s life are in H. Murer, Helvetiasancta. pp. 431 eqq., Lucerne, 1&18' F. 8precher von Berneok, Hint. motuum et beltorum, Geneva, 1829. Germ
tranel., i. 334, Chur. 1888. The beet modern life is iA. Butler, Lives of the Fathers, i. 494-496, London, 1857 consult also RL, iv. 1482-88.
THE NEW BCHAFF-HERZOG 810 his edition of the fragments of Origen's Hexapla, s work the erudition of which is universally recog zed. He was elected an honorary fellow of Trinity College in 1875 and was a member of the British Old Testament Revision Company. In theology he avoided both the Evangelical and ritualistic ex tremes. He edited the Greek text of Chryeostom'e homilies on Matthew (3 vole., Cambridge, 1839) and on all the Pauline Epistles (7 vole., Oxford, 1849-62); Isaac Barrow's Treatise an the Pope's Su premacy (London, 18b1); J. E. Grebe's text of the Septuagint (Oxford, 1859); and Origenis Hexa plorum gate auperaunt (2 vole., 1867-74); and wrote Otium Norarieerase (3 parts, 1864-86; the third part, Notes on select Passages of the Greek Testa ment, reprinted with additions by the author and edited by A. M. Knight, 1897). He also collab orated on Payne Smith's Thesaurus Syriactte. B1srtooaerav: His autobiography is in the preface to his edition of Orieen's Hexapla. Consult W. Aldie Wright. in CambridGe Rte. May 8. lib: DNB, aviii. 402-40f*. FIELD, HENRY IIIARTYN: Presbyterian; b. at Stockbridge, Mass., Apr. 3, 1822; d. there Dec. 29, 1907. He studied at Williams College (B.A., 1838), East Windsor Hill (now Hartford) Theo logical Seminary (1838-41), and Yale Divinity School (1841-42), and was pastor at St. Louis, Mo. (1842-47), and West Springfield, Mass (1850-b4). From 1854 to 1900 he was editor and proprietor of ° The Evangelist, a Presbyterian weekly, published in New York City. His travel-sketches enjoyed n great repute. His published works include: The . Irish Confederates, and the Rebellion of 1798 (New York, 1851); Summer Pictures from Copenhagen to Venice (1859); History of the Atlantic Telegraph re(1866); From the Lakes of Killarney to the Golden e Horn (1876); From Egypt to Japan (1877); On the Desert; with Review of Events in Egypt (1883); e Among the Holy Hills (1884); The Greek Islands and Turkey after the War (1885); Blood Thicker a$ than Water: A Few Days among our Southern f Brethren (1886); Old and New Spain (1888); Gi- ns braltar (1889); Bright Skies and Dark Shadows 7,(1890); The Story of the Atlantic Telegraph (1893); e and The Life of David Dudley Field (1898). FIELD, RICHARD: English clergyman and theological writer; b. at Hemel Hempstead (23 m. n.w. of London), Hertfordshire, Oct. 15, 1561; d. at Windsor (23 m. w. of London) Nov. 21, 1616. He attended the Berkhampatead school and in 1577 entered Oxford, studying successively at Magdalen College, Magdalen Hall, and Queen's College (B.A., 1581; M.A., 1584; B.D., 1592; D.D., 1596). As a lecturer (1584-91) at Magdalen Hall he made himself famous for leis knowledge of divinity and his ability as s disputant. In 1594 he became divinity lecturer at Lincoln's Inn, and soon afterward rector at Burghclere, Hampshire. 1n 1598 he became a chaplain in ordinary to Queen Elizabeth, in 1804 canon at Windsor, and in 1609 dean of Gloucester. He was also chaplain to James L, who sent him to the Hampton Court Conference in 1604 and called him to Oxford in 1605 to take part in the Divinity Act. James held Field in high esteem, delighted to discuss points of theology century. Military FIEF, ECCLESIASTICAL: A term used some- times ae equivalent to Benefice (q.v.), but more properly designating an estate belonging to the Church and conferred by feudal tenure. Milita service was included in the obligations of a true fief, even when held by a cleric-but in this case as the canons forbade him to bear arms, he w allowed to provide a substitute. The practise o granting church lands attained such proportions during the Middle Ages that Pius V., in 156 prohibited say further grants, providing for the immediate incorporation with the papal camera of any fiefs that fell in. On this principle Clement VIII. incorporated the duchy of Ferrara with the States of the Church in 1598, and Urban VIII. did the same with Urbino, Castro, and Ronciglione. Famous instances of countries held by their rulers as vassals of the pope were Aragon (1208), England (1213), the island of Sardinia (1295), Naples and Sicily down to the second half of the eighteenth (O. MEJERt.) BrsLroossrax: G. A. Jeniohen, Thesaurus iuri° teudds°, i. 990. Frankfort, 1750; G. L. B6hmer. Obserroatioau tune feudalia, no. 7. GtSttingen, 1784; Aechtstexikoa. vi. WIS eqQ.. Leipeic, 1848: RL, vii. b97-800. FIELD, FREDERICK: Church of England; b. in London July 20, 1801; d. at Norwich Apr. 19, 1885. He studied at Trinity College, Cambridge (B.A., 1823), and from 1824 to 1843 was fellow of his college. He was ordained priest in 1828, and was rector of Reepham, Norfolk, 1842-63, resigning that he might be able to devote himself .entirely to