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or commandments, upon pain of a similar curse upon them." Then follows the-order for the promulgation of the bull. Naturally such a bull was a great offense to all loyal subjects of Elizabeth, and he who had had the hardiness to promulgate it was considered a traitor. The culprit was quickly found out, arrested without opposition the next day, and conveyed to the Tower. On Friday, Aug. 4th, he was condemned at Guildhall on the charge of high treason, and sentenced to death. He remained in Newgate prison till Tuesday, Aug. 8th, when he was drawn on a hurdle to St. Paul's churchyard, hanged on a gallows opposite the bishop of London's palace, beheaded, quartered, and parboiled. He met his fate with courage, and won an honorable place among the Roman Catholic martyrs under Elizabeth. This position was officiallyestablished on Dec. 29, 1886, when Pope Leo XIII. proclaimed his beatification.

BIBLIoQ$APHY: For his trial see Cobbett's Complete Collection of State Trials, i. 1086-87, London, 1809 eqq. For the text of the bull am Bishop John Jewel's Works, ed. for the Parker Society, iv. 1131-32, with Jewel's racy comments and partial translation of the bull in his discourse entitled, A View of a Seditious Bull Sent into England from Pius Quintus, Bishop of Rome, the same, pp. 1133-60. For Felton's beatification consult The Tablet (London) for.Jan. 15th, 1887, pp. 81--82.

FENCING THE TABLES: A Scotch-Presbyterian term for the address made at the table before the administration of the Lord's Supper, because in it the character of those who may and may not partake is described.

FENEEBERG, MICHAEL NATHANAEL: Roman Catholic; b. of peasant parents at Oberdorf (37 m. n.w. of W ilrzburg), Bavaria, Feb. 9, 1751; d. at VShringen (40 m. s.w. of Stuttgart), W ilrttemberg, Oct. 12, 1812. He was educated by the Jesuits at Augsburg, and joined the order on the advice of his friend the famous Johann Michael Sailer (q.v.). After completing his studies at Ingolatadt and Regensburg, he became teacher at the Regensburg Gymnasium in 1775, then engaged in practical church work in his native village. In 1785 he was appointed professor of rhetoric and poetry in the Augsburg diocesan gymnasium at Dillingen. Being on intimate terms with Sailer, Weber, and Zimmer, who taught at the University of Dillingen, he labored in Sailer's spirit, aiming mainly at true and sincere piety without emphasizing any confessional tendency. Sailer's views awakened the hostility of the Jesuits and their friends, and in 1793 a trial implicating the most prominent teachers of the University was held, at which Feneberg bravely defended his friends. Although the teachers were not condemned, Feneberg left Dillingen and took charge of the parish of Seeg. He held convictions regarding justification which approached rather closely to Evangelical teachings. The tendency of his view shows itself most prominently in the fact that he laid stress on personal communion with God, and especially with Jesus Christ as personal redeemer, with entire elimination of the Church. Feneberg, however, was so little conscious of his opposition to the dogma of the Roman Church that he honestly believed

BIBLIOGRAPHY: J. M. Bailer. Aus Penebxrps Leben in Sdmmtticks Werke, vol. xxxix., Bulzbach, 1841; C. von Schmid,

FENELOH, FRANVOIS DE SALIGNAC DE LA MOTHE.

Early Life (§ 1).

Reputation for Tolerance Unearned (§ 2). Missionary Labors (§ 3).

Tutorship of Duke of Burgundy (¢ 4). Championship of Mme. Guyon (¢ 5).

Conduct of His Diocese (§ 6).

TdIdmaque (§ 7).

Estimate of His Character (1 8).

Franqois de Salignac.de la Moths F6nelon, the French prelate and educator, was born at the castle of Fdnelon in PErigord (the modern department of the Dordogne), Aug. 6, 1651; d. at Cambrai Jan. 7, 1715. He was the younger son of the Marquis of F6nelon, and was brought up in an atmosphere of strict piety. Under the guidance of a private tutor he laid the foundation of an excellent knowl-

edge of the classics and after a short

self to the study of philosophy and theology at the Jesuit CoWge du PWsis. Made an abU when only fifteen, he achieved distinction by his oratorical gifts; he later entered the seminary of St. Sulpice, where he spent five years in strict retirement, devoted primarily to the study of the Greek Fathers. He became a priest in 1675 and was soon made supervisor of the Nouvelles Converties, an association of women, chiefly of noble rank, whose object was to instruct women newly converted to Roman Catholicism, or those inclined toward conversion, in the principles of the Roman Catholic faith.

In his attitude toward Protestants F6nelon does not seem to have earned the epithet of " tolerant " which has been bestowed upon him not only by Roman writers but also by Protestant historians. He was certainly not free from the prejudices of his Church and his time. In his Dissertation sur la tol6rance he asserts that the Roman Church as opposed to the Protestants can not logically extend

toleration to dissidents, and in his

a. Reputa- sermon Pour la profession religieuse Lion for Tol- dune nouvelle convertie he character-

Guyon he says " If it be true that she has attempted to disseminate the damnable teachings of Molinos, they ought to burn her and not admit her to communion, as the Bishop of Meaux has done.." Finelon employed pacific means, nevertheless, in his missionary work, and through his fine oratorical powers, his instructive cate-