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converted Jew from Spain, had been the teacher of Pellican (Geiger, p. 43), Levita, through the mediation of Sebastian Munster and Paul Fagius, exercised a much stronger and more lasting influence upon the transference of Hebrew knowledge to the Christians. Still greater than in the department of grammatical and lexical inquiries was the impulse which Elias Levita by his Massoreth hammas$oreth gave to the text-critical treatment of the Old Testament. He brought his children up in the Jewish faith in spite of his intimate intercourse with Christian scholars; but to the greatest sorrow of one of his daughters her two sons, Elisno and Sol. Romano embraced the Christian faith (Graetz, ix. 335). Elias Levita was a pleasing example of a scholar who [mew how to keep free from partizan entanglements the interest in the subject of his inquiry.

BIBLIOGRAPHY: J. C. Wolf, Bibliotheca Hebraa, i. 1b3-181, iii. 97-102, iv. 182, Hamburg, 171b-33; J. F. Hirt, Ori sn<aliache and exepetiache Bsbiiothak, vii. 50 eqq., Jena , 1778; J. Furat, Bibliotheca judaica, ii. 239-242, Leipsic, 18493; L. Geiger, Dos Stadium der hebrdiadun Sprarhe in Deutschland, ib. 1870; J. Levi, Elia Levita and seine Leiatunpen ale Grammatiker, Breslau, 1888; Backer, in ZDMG; 1889, 208-272; H. Graetz, Geachichte der Juden, vol. ix. passim, Leipaic, 1891; C. A. Briggs, Study of Holy Scripture, passim, New York, 1899; JE, viii. 48-49.

'ELIAS MIRIATIS: Greek bishop; b. at Lixuri (5 m. n. of Argostoli, on the island of Cephalonia) 1669; d. in the Mores 1714. He was educated at Venice, where he was ordained deacon and appointed notary of the metropolis of Philadelphia, whose bishops then resided at Venice. After acting as a teacher in Cephalonia, Zante, Corfu, and Com stantinople, and after serving in various diplomatic missions, he was consecrated bishop of Kernike and Kalabryta in the Mores, but held office only three years.

Of his works only two are known, both edited posthumously by his father. The first of these, " Teachings for the High and Holy Quadragesima and Other Sundays and Chief Feasts of the Year," was first published, according to 8athas, in 1727,

although it seems actually to have appeared much earlier. The book went through many editions, and in its completest form (the edition of A. Maze, rakis, 1849), contains twenty-one sermons for fasts and twenty for Sundays and festivals. In his doctrines Elias was orthodox. He emphasized the freedom of the will and the twofold nature of Christ, while in his concept of the atonement he recognized a sort of satisfaction, which should reconcile the justice and love of God. He also postulated the intercession of the mother of God with Christ the judge. The second work was the " Rock of Offense " (1718), which was a polemic against the Roman Catholic Church, treating in its first book the history of the schism, and in the second the supremacy of the pope, the procession of the Holy Ghost, unleavened bread, and similar topics.

(PHILIPP MEYER.)

BIBLIOGRAPHY: The Ma:arakia edition of the " Teachings " contains a sketch of the life. Consult also: J. A. Fabri cius, Bibliofheca Greets, ed. G. C. Harles, xi. 787, Hamburg, 1808; A. Pichler, Geachichta der kirchlschen Trees nunp awiachen dam Orient and Occident, i. 481 eqq.. Munich, 1884.

ELIGIUS (ELOYSIUS, ELOI), SAIRT: Bishop of Noyon (67 m. n.n.e. of Paris), and the patron saint of goldsmiths; b. at Cadillac near Limoges in the early part of the reign of Clotaire II. (584-629); d. at Noyon Nov. 30, 659. He learned the goldsmith's trade under Abbo, the master of +he royal mint at Limoges, and held a similar office himself under Dagobert I. (629-639) and Clovis II. (639-657), as is shown by the coins bearing his name. During Dagobert'e reign he was probably one of the most influential persons at the court. He was influenced by the religious movement promoted by the Celtic missionary Columban, whom he visited at Luxeuil, and whose rule he introduced into the abbey of Solignac. Soon after Dagobert'a death he left the court with his influential friend Audoen, also a disciple of Columban's. Both became bishopeAudoen of Rouen and Eligius of Noyon; they are said to have been consecrated together on May 13, 641. The diocese of Eligius included, besides Noyon, Vermandois, Doornik, Kortrijk, Ghent, and Flanders. The inhabitants, mainly Franks with some Frisians, were still for the most past heathen. According to the Vita, Eligius had great success in his missionary work among them; but the only certain fact in his career as bishop is his participation in the Synods of ChSlons-aur-Seine (639 and 654). The authenticity of the homilies which have been handed down under his name has been long contested; E. Vacaudard has proved the spuriousness (Revue des questions historiques, 1898, pp. 471 sqq.) (A. HAUCg.)

BIBLIOGRAPHY: The Vita by Dado or Audaenus is in MPL, lxxavii., Fr. transl. by C. Barthelemy, Paris, 1847, and by Parenty, ib. 1870 (of. O. Reich, Ueber Audoena Lebensbeachreibung des . . . Elipius, Halls, 1882). The literature is given by Potthast, Wegweiaer, pp. 1283-$4, and in wattenbach, DGQ, i (1893 ), 114. The life in French has been written by Bonnet, Carpentras, 1855; J. F. Godeacerd, Rouen, 1883; P. Jouhannesud, Limoges, 1885; A. Delassus, Paris, 1898; and F. Arbellot, ib. 1897. Consult also C. F. de T. Montalembert, Lea Moines d'occident, ii. 837, ib. 1880-87; G. F. Msoteas. Apostles of Mediaroal Europe, London. 1888.