[Image] [Hi-Res Image]
Page 56
THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
a reditu ex Babylonico ezilio argue ad ultimum excidium Hierosolymce (Wittenberg, 1548), and with Kasper Peucer he prepared his V ocabula rei nummaria . . vohicrum et pistrium appellationea (1b49). His most famous work is his Calendarium histortcum (1550), written in collaboration with Melanchthon and containing a reformed calendar of the saints with a historical calendar.
Eber's firm attitude during the Schmalkald War of 1548-47 won him the admiration of his colleagues, and on June 21, 1557, he succeeded Johann Forster as professor of the Old Testament and preacher at the Schlosekirche. He accompanied Mehtnchthon to the Colloquy of Worms and acted as secretary, but returned from Worms at Christmas, and succeeded Bugenhagen as municipal preacher and general superintendent of the electoral circuit, Sept. 4, .1558. When Melanchthon died in 1560, his course of lectures was completed by Eber, who, as professor of the Old Testament, was invited by the Elector August to revise the Vulgate of the Old Tes tament for the BtTilia Gernxanico-Latina (1565). He was obliged, however, to complete his work in a year and a half, and he was little pleased with his results. As a preacher he is best known by two volumes published after his death by his pupils, the Evan geliorum dominicalium explicatip (ed. J. Cellarius, Frankfort, 1576) and the Kateehiamusluredigten (ed. T. Feureliue, Nuremberg, 1b77). His most bitter struggles were connected with the controver sies on the nature of the Eucharist. Like Melanch thon, he rejected the ubiquitarianism of Brenz, and frequently approximated the Calvinistic view. Peucer later said in reproach of him that he had been convinced of the truth of the Swiss doctrine as early as 1561, but had suddenly become an opponent of the crypto-Calvinists of Wittenberg after the Dresden conference of Mar. 25, 1561. It is indisputable that on that occasion he advocated a confession which harked back to the Wittenberg Concordia, and henceforth taught a modified Lu theranism which he regarded as the true interpre tation of the Augsburg Confession, defending his views in his Vom heiligen Sakrament des Letba and Bluta unsers Herrn Jean Christi (Wittenberg, 1582), although his course contented neither the Lutherans nor the Reformed. Eber is also famous as an au thor of hymns, of which the best-known are Herr Jesu Christ, taahr'r Mensch urtd Gott (" Lord Jesus Christ, true Man and God") and Wenn uwr in h8chaten NSthen sein (" When in the hour of utmost need "). (G. KwwERnu.)BrBrrllaSApBy: Sources of value for s life are in CR.iii., i:., and in J. Voigt, Briehaachsal der barflhmteakn (iekhrten mit Hsraop Albroc7K pp. 234 eqq., Kbnipberg, 1841. Consult also: C. H. Sixt. Dr. Paul E6ar, Heidelberg, 1843; idem, Paul Ebsr. Ein Stuck Witlsnbxpar Lebena, Anebsc6, 1857; T. Preeael, in Lcban and ausgawdAlte Sdvrifkn der Yaw . . . der lutheriaehan Kirche, vol. viii., Elberfeld, 1882; G. Buchwald, Paul Eber, Leipaio, 1897; J. W. Richard. Philip Melaudttrwn, passim, New York, 1898; Julian, Hymndopy, 318, 9.
EBERHARD, 8'ber-hard, OF BE-TERM: French grammarian sad theologian; b. at Bbtbune (20 m. s.w. of Lille); flourished between 1100 and 1200. Of his life almost nothing is known, except that he was the author of two important works.
The first of these is his Grcecismus de figuris et octo loartibus orationis, a poem of more than 2,000 verses, treating of rhetoric, prosody, grammar, and syntax, the whole without any logical arrangement. It was first edited by J. H. Metulinua (Paris, 1487). As a theologian Eberhard distinguished himself by his Liber antihceresis, in which he assailed the Cathari, then numerous in Flanders. Thin work is important as a source for the teachings of this sect. It was first edited by J. Gretser in his Tries acriptorum contra Waldenses (Ingolstadt, 1814), and contains two appendices, one a catalogue of older heresies, drawn from the Origines of Isidore of Seville, and the other a polemic against the Jews. A number of unimportant treatises, including the Labarintus, a poem on poetry, rhetoric, and grammar, are erroneously ascribed to this Eberhard.
Bn;rtasasre:: Sources of information are indicated in U. Chevalier, Repertoire des sources hiatoriquee du moyen dpe, Paris, 1883. Consult J. A. Fabneme, Biblmtheca Latina, ii. 218, Hamburg, 1734; Hiatoira.littErnira de la
France, xpii. 129.EBERLIN, JOHAftN: One of the most important popular writers of the time of the Reformation; b. at Gilnzburg (30 m. w.n.w. of Augsburg), Bavaria, c. 1485; d. at Wertheim (20 m. w. of Wiirzburg), Baden, c. 1530. His youth is obscure. He was already priest of the diocese of Augsburg when he was matriculated at Basel in 1489. Here he became master of arts, and later entered the monastery of the Franciscans at Heilbronn. In the second decade of the sixteenth century he entered the monastery of Tiibingen, developing a remarkable activity as a preacher in the town and its neighborhood, where he became involved in disputes with the theologians of the University of Tiibingen. Subsequently he went to Ulm and in 1520 seems to have been in the monastery of the Franciscans at Freiburg in the Breisgau where he became acquainted with Luther's works, which he studied with great zeal. The result of his studies showed itself in his Lent-sermons, preached in Ulm after his return to that city, as a consequence of which he was persecuted and compelled to leave (1521). At this time he conceived the plan of writing a cycle of popular works under the title Funfzehn Bundesgenoasen, in which fifteen prominent people should give utterance to the wrongs of the nation, one after the other expressing his opinion in a special treatise. The work appeared at Basel, 1521, and shows the influence of Luther. Eberlin's propositions of reform were moat radical; his main attacks were directed against monastic affairs, but he touches almost every question of ecclesiastical, religious and social life. In the later Bundesgetwsaen Eberlin was influenced by the radical tendencies of Carlstadt, and his ideas undoubtedly contributed to the revolutionary tendencies of the lower classes which found expression in the Peasants' War. Eberlin shows himself in this work a popular writer of the first rank, original and striking in his way of treating matters in popular and blunt language. Friend and foe testify to the great sensation caused by this collection of treatises. In the mean time Eberlin had gone north. After a short stay at Leipaic he went to Wittenberg