Chapter V.—Use Made of Water by the Heathen. Type of the Angel at the Pool of Bethsaida.^85688568    Bethesda, Eng. Ver.

“Well, but the nations, who are strangers to all understanding of spiritual powers, ascribe to their idols the imbuing of waters with the self-same efficacy.” (So they do) but they cheat themselves with waters which are widowed.^85698569    i.e., as Oehler rightly explains, “lacking the Holy Spirit’s presence and virtue.” For washing is the channel through which they are initiated into some sacred rites—of some notorious Isis or Mithras. The gods themselves likewise they honour by washings. Moreover, by carrying water around, and sprinkling it, they everywhere expiate^85708570    Or, “purify.” country-seats, houses, temples, and whole cities: at all events, at the Apollinarian and Eleusinian games they are baptized; and they presume that the effect of their doing that is their regeneration and the remission of the penalties due to their perjuries. Among the ancients, again, whoever had defiled himself with murder, was wont to go in quest of purifying waters. Therefore, if the mere nature of water, in that it is the appropriate material for washing away, leads men to flatter themselves with a belief in omens of purification, how much more truly will waters render that service through the authority of God, by whom all their nature has been constituted! If men think that water is endued with a medicinal virtue by religion, what religion is more effectual than that of the living God?  Which fact being acknowledged, we recognise here also the zeal of the devil rivalling the things of God,^85718571    [Diabolus Dei Simius.] while we find him, too, practising baptism in his subjects. What similarity is there? The unclean cleanses! the ruiner sets free! the damned absolves! He will, forsooth, destroy his own work, by washing away the sins which himself inspires! These (remarks) have been set down by way of testimony against such as reject the faith; if they put no trust in the things of God, the spurious imitations of which, in the case of God’s rival, they do trust in. Are there not other cases too, in which, without any sacrament, unclean spirits brood on waters, in spurious imitation of that brooding^85728572    Gestationem. of the Divine Spirit in the very beginning?  Witness all shady founts, and all unfrequented brooks, and the ponds in the baths, and the conduits^85738573    Euripi. in private houses, or the cisterns and wells which are said to have the property of “spiriting away,”^85748574    Rapere. through the power, that is, of a hurtful spirit. Men whom waters have drowned^85758575    Necaverunt. or affected with madness or with fear, they call nymph-caught,^85768576    “Nympholeptos,” restored by Oehler, = νυμφολήπτους. or “lymphatic,” or “hydro-phobic.” Why have we adduced these instances? Lest any think it too hard for belief that a holy angel of God should grant his presence to waters, to temper them to man’s salvation; while the evil angel holds frequent profane commerce with the selfsame element to man’s ruin. If it seems a novelty for an angel to be present in waters, an example of what was to come to pass has forerun. An angel, by his intervention, was wont to stir the pool at Bethsaida.^85778577    So Tertullian reads, and some copies, but not the best, of the New Testament in the place referred to, John v. 1–9. [And note Tertullian’s textual testimony as to this Scripture.] They who were complaining of ill-health used to watch for him; for whoever had been the first to descend into them, after his washing, ceased to complain. This figure of corporeal healing sang of a 672spiritual healing, according to the rule by which things carnal are always antecedent^85788578    Compare 1 Cor. xv. 46. as figurative of things spiritual. And thus, when the grace of God advanced to higher degrees among men,^85798579    John i. 16, 17. an accession of efficacy was granted to the waters and to the angel. They who^85808580    Qui: i.e. probably “angeli qui.” were wont to remedy bodily defects,^85818581    Vitia. now heal the spirit; they who used to work temporal salvation^85828582    Or, “health”—salutem. now renew eternal; they who did set free but once in the year, now save peoples in a body^85838583    Conservant populos. daily, death being done away through ablution of sins. The guilt being removed, of course the penalty is removed too. Thus man will be restored for God to His “likeness,” who in days bygone had been conformed to “the image” of God; (the “image” is counted (to be) in his form: the “likeness” in his eternity:) for he receives again that Spirit of God which he had then first received from His afflatus, but had afterward lost through sin.