THE OLD TESTAMENT

Daniel. These are large deductions from the usefulness of the codex, but it may lx: holed that futther examination may ill titne to come fill up much that is wanting now.

These fragments contain Isa. iii. 8-14, v. a-14, xxix. 1t--a3, xliv, sb xlv. 5, written in a Ix>Id and somewhat coarse uncial hand of the eighth or ninth century, so far as it is possible to form a judgement froth tile specimen which Tischcndorf appends to his transcript. Tischendorf himself is disposed to place it earlier, and considers that it was written in Egypt or the neighbourhmA in the seventh century. Each column of the MS. appears to have consisted of tg lines, with 1g or zo letters to the line. Ali obclus is prefixed to Istt. iii. to (citrtit'res... 8tiaXppoto~ tj/aiv etrrw).

The fragments were founts by Tiscllendorf during one of his journeys to Egypt and the East (probably in I8;;), and published in the Alonumenla Sacra Incdila, mrv. call. vol. i. (l,ihsiae, IS_); the transcript will be found on hl). ISg--198, and the facsimile (Isa. iii. 9---1o) at the end of the volume (tar). iii. 5). The upper writing is Armenian, anti the six leaves which contain the fragments of Isaiah were probably part of the Armenian Codex to which the palimpsest fragments of the New Testament and of 1, 3 Kegg., also published iii the first volume of the Alannlncrrla, once belonged.

These fragments (Isa. xxx. z-xxxi. 7, xxxvi. 17-xxxviii, t) are bound tip in the volume which contains the well-known palimpsest of St nlatthew ('l.), one of tile treasures of the library of Trinity College, Dublin. The volume consists of tto leaves, and the later writing (° cent. xi.) presents extracts front various (;reek fathers and ecclesiastical author. Sixty-nine of the leaves are palimpsest; of these twenty-nine originally contained portion, of the orations of Gregory of Nazianzus, thirty-two belonged to the Gospel of St Matthew, and eight to Isaiah. The eight leaves which yield fragments of Isaiah were but four in the original codex. Each of the original leaves measured at least 12X9 inches; the writing was in two columns of 36 lines, wilt' 14-17 letters in each line. With two or three exceptions the character resemble generally those of the fragments of St Matthew, and probably belong to the same age; the forms of the A and Nt point to an Egyptian scriber, and the general style of the writing is that of the early sixth century. There are no large initials, the abbreviations are few and simple; breathings and accents are entirely wanting, and the writing is continuous, except where a space denotes a break in the sense; the punctuation is limited to the use of a single point.

The fragments of St lattllew wereedited 1ty 1)r J. Barrett in ,Hot, when attention was briefly called to the fragments of Isalahl. The latter have linen published in facsimile by Dr T. K. Abbott, Professor of Hebrew, sometime .Professor of Eiblical Greek, in the University of Dublin-, to whose account of the NIS. the above description is chiefly clue. The Isaiah fragment was collated for Ilolntes ant[ Parsons, and in their edition is denominated VIII: Lagarde distinguishes it as O, and Iris symbol has been used in the present volume.

This NIS. Contains Jeremiah. 1larttch, Lamentations, f :p. of Jeremiah, Daniel Karl ro~s o', Hippolytus on Daniel, Daniel (Th.), F7ekiel, Isaiah. Since there are no signatures, and both Daniel and Ezekiel begin fresh quires, it is impossible to say whether the order of the books is that of the original codex. .The present AIS. is a large folio of 402 leaves, in gatherings of 8. The handwriting aplwars to belong to the Calahrian school of Greek calligraphy, and the date usually assigned to it is the ninth century'.

The MS. once belonged to Pope Alexander VII., a member of the Chigi family, who recognised its importance and entrusted the publication of the text to Leo Allatius, al that time librarian of the Vatican. Leo proceeded with his work so far as to procure a complete copy of the: codex, and this transcript is still preserved amollg the Chigi DISS. (=R. vii. 46). A century later 13ianchini took ill) the work, and after his death the rdilio j,riuceps appeared at Rome in 1772. Among later editions are those of llchaells, Segaar, liugati, and Ilahn; and the text was published in succession by Holmes and Parsons, Alai, and Tischendorf. Meanwhile the MS. itself had received little attention, Until at the suggestion of Vercellone a critical edition was untlertakelt ltf Cozza, whose labours, published in the third part of his T i'lnslissi»ra ffrrrsrntt·rrla, have at length provitletl Biblical scholars with an adequate transcript of this unique MS.

The Oxford editors quote two Chigi 1S5. oil the Prophets, which they call )i7 and 88. J'jejj14, however, has shewn that their 88 is Leo Allatius's

copy, and altalidons tile task of identifying llieir 8;, while he uses the latter number for the trite Chisian text. In this we have followed hint, citing "his. h. vii. 45 as 8;.

CODEX SYxtt-111·AAI'LAttis A1mnRt111ANUh, Iliblitith. Atiibros. nledittl. C. 313. Inf.

Contain, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Fcclesiastes, Caiiticlec, Wisdom, F1llesiasticus, and all the Prophets, from the literal Syria, version of the entire I.XX. made from a hexaplar text in the years 616-617 by Paul, llislutp of'I'ella 111ie-4lauzelath or Coll stantina. The 1115. is of soitiewhat thick parchment, and almost everywhere well preserved. It contains rq3 leaves of 1q] X 101 inches: there are two columns to the page, each containing abut 55 lines. The character is a well-formed, somewhat thick Estrangelo, very easily read. The titles, most headings of chapters and lessons, ornaments, and sometimes the larger points, are in red: occasionally other colours are employed. The asterisks and oheli of Origen s LXX. are fitithfully reproduced, and many extracts from the other Greek versions are given. in a Syria, translation, in the margin. 'file book of Daniel (including Su~.inna, and Bel and the Dngon) begins oil the first page of f. 1;3, and calls with f. 151.

The first volume of this codex was in the possession of Andreas Masius, but seems to have disappeared al his death in 1,573. It contained part of Deuteronomy, Joshua, Judges, the four hooks of Kings, Chronicles, Ezra and Nehemiah, Judith, and part of '1'oltit. The extant volume was brought to the Anibrosian Library early in the 1;tI1 century from the monastery of S. Maria I >eipara in the desert of Scetis, as we learn from a note at the end, which Ceriani believes to le in the handwriting of Antonio Giggeo. It lay for a icing tittle unused, and attention ryas next called to it by Bianca in 176;. After lie, 19j6rnstMil, and De Rossi hall published descriptions .in(] specimens, it was exaiuined by Norberg in 1 7 78; and as a result he edited Jeremiah and I?zekiel. liugati published Daniel in 1788; leis Psalms appeared posthumously in 182o. Nliddeldorprs edition of Isaiali, tile Minor Prophets, Proverbs, Job, Canticles, Lamentations, and E.cclesiastes followed in 1835; and the series was continued liy Ceriani's edition of Baruch, lamentations, and tile Epistle of Jeremiah in Mon. .Sang et I'rojana, t. i. (1861). of even greater value than these editions is his photolithographic reproduction of the entire codex issued at Milan in 1874. Finally, the readings of tile Syriac codex have beep thoroiiglily examined and placed in comparison -with those of Greek hexaplar MSS. by Field in his great work oil the I Iexapla.

Two vellum fragment., making a quire of four leave, rash leaf measuring, when complete, about 51x31 inches. The first four pages contain portion- of Bel aid 1180 I)rtr~tn (vv. 2o-4t) according to Thetxiotion, in upright majuscules of the fifth if not the fourth century. Underneath these on pp. t, 2 ill Slightly sloping letters of perhaps the fourth century is a fragment of a (')homily containing a reference to matt. ix. 37-8 or Luke x. 2. ()n pp. 3, 4 the original hand had written some Latin 'rustic' capitals, among which the words PR1)CVRA'IOR, PR11('VRATlIRFS, or part of them, frequently occur; p. 5 has the letters DOM hf..., possibly referring to 1.. Donnitins Dotnitiantns, ant Egyptian pretender in the time of Diocletian 1.

The substance of this description is (lice to E. W. 1i. Nicholson, Esq., Librarian of the Bodleian, who has very kindly supplied a collation of the fragment of lie(, anti subsequently compared the proof of the notes with the X11. The scantiness of our uncial authorities for this part of the text of Theodotion's Daniel seentt·tl to justify the use of the Oxford fragment, which has been quoted as A. These interesting scraps were acquired by the Bodleian library in 1888, and carne from Egypt.

A large folio vellum AIS., the leaves of which measure x61xtijinches; written in the sloping uncials of the eighth and ninth centuries, with the exception of certain portions of the text which arc in the round but artificial characters of the same period. The writing is arranged in double columns of 6o lines, with an average of 30 letters to the lillet. New sections begin with a letter (often an inch long) outside the column. The parchment varies in quality; it is usually thick but not coarse; some leaves however are too thin to take the ink readilys. '1 'he 1115. is gathered in quires of 8 leaves, bearing signatures which range from Kr (Vs) on f. t to *i (V-pr' V") on f. 153. 'thus the original Codex seems to have consisted of about 372 leaves, of which the first 2o8 have disappeared. The present volume begins with job xxx. 8 (Kai KAeos) and contains the rest of job, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Canticles, both Wisdoms, the Minor Prophets (in the order Hos., Ain., Joel, ()b., Jon., Mic., Nah., Hab.,Zeph., Hag., Zech., Mal.), Isaiah, Jeremiah, Baruch, Lamentations, Ezekiel, Daniel(with the apocryphal additions), Tobit, Jndith,andthe four Books of the Maccabees. After Daniel, andagainafter Olacc., the scribe has

copied from his archetype a chronological table reaching from Main to jimilliall 1, which iii the second and fuller foetn ends vis opov (cat. wW.) yipea0at aro xv Ta pover,at cwt Z8e irq boy (tot vied): the margin add., etatV (W; Zbe YT7t owe. An ornamental crass below these dates bears the inscription: Kvpte, )3orjOet (cert. -Bq) HaatAriep poPaxen riyovttepeu (curt. iy.) ris hapoY (sic, tot Vill) Tw ov~ypa'palgePetr T-qY jStpAOY TOYTnV (cod. T& St/fAiw TavTq); and beneath the cross is added : llapaxaAw e$xeoOat tivep't>cnlaipov gOVakov apaprwAou KaAatyparbov, apiiY. On ff. t63bt6q1> a minute hand has written the En,ebian canon..

This precious NIS. belonged to the library of Cardinal Bessarion, by whom it was given with the rest of his Greek codices to the library of Saint Mark's at Venice.

It was used for the great Rontan edition of t; S7, as the preface to that volume announces', and probably suit[flies in great part the text of the first three Books of the Maccabees, which are wanting in the Vatican codex. Specitttens of its readings were liberally produced by lartetti in his catalogue of the (creek n1SS. of St Murk's (Venice, l7.to'), and tile intportanee of the NIS. was recognised by Giac. Morelli, who described it at length in his account of the codices under his care. Stroth also gave some account of it in Eichltorn's A',75ertoJ-ium for 1781 (p. t8t). A collation of the whole AI S. was made for I lolmes and Parsons in 1789 1)), Geo. 'loega and Nieh. Schow; the correspondence -,which relates to this undertaking is still preserved in the Venice library. The Oxford editors, however, were not at first made aware that it was written in uncials, and it takes rank in their notes as a cursive under the number 2;. The prologues to the Prophets were printed by Tischendorf in his Anerdota sacra et projrua, pp. to3-g, Lilts. t8:5.

In the present edition Cod. V has been employed only for tile four Books of Maccabees, where the paucity of uncial testimony rendered it necessary to depart from the rule which prescribed the sole use of such MSS. as are accessible in published facsimiles and photograplts8. The four Books as given in V were collated afresh by the Editor of this work in the spring of triy;; but by the courtesy of Dr E. hlostermann he had been previously provided with a collation of the second Book, which that scholar hall made in 1892-3, and 1)r Klosternlann also kindly co>tpared the new collation of Books i.-iii. with his own. Where the two collations differed, all appeal was made to the notes of Ilolntes and Parsons.