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126
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REMARKS
ON THE CONTRACTED VERBS |
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393.
In the present optative active there are two forms: (1) that
with the modal sign -ιη-,
having -ν
in the 1 sing., and -σαν
in the 3 pl.; (2) that with
the modal sign -ῑ-, having
-μι in
the 1 sing., and -εν
in the 3 pl. The first form
is more common in the singular, the second in the dual and
plural. |
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τῑμῴην
(rarely τῑμῷμι),
τῑμῷτον (rarely
τῑμῴητον),
τῑμῷμεν (rarely
τῑμῴημεν),
ποιοίην (rarely
ποιοῖμι),
ποιοῖτον (rarely
ποιοίητον),
ποιοῖμεν (rarely
ποιοίημεν),
δηλοίην (rarely
δηλοῖμι),
δηλοῖτον (rarely
δηλοίητον),
δηλοῖμεν (rarely
δηλοίημεν). |
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394.
Ten verbs in -αω
show η
where we expect ᾱ.
These are διψῶ
thirst,
ζῶ live,
πεινῶ
hunger,
κνῶ scrape,
νῶ spin
(rare), σμῶ
wash,
χοῶ give
oracles, χοῶ
am
eager for (rare), χρῶμαι
use,
and ψῶ rub.
See 641, |
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127 |
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395.
ζῶ live
and χρῶμαι
use
are inflected as follows in the present indicative,
subjunctive and imperative and in the imperfect. |
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Indic.
and Subj. |
Imperative |
Imperfect |
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S.
1. |
ζῶ |
χρῶμαι |
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ἔζων |
ἐχρώμην |
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2. |
ζῇς |
χρῇ |
ζῆ |
χρῶ |
ἔζης |
ἐχρῶ |
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3. |
ζῇ |
χρῆται |
ζήτω |
χρήσθω |
ἔζη |
ἐχρῆτο |
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D.
2. |
ζῆτον |
χρῆσθον |
ζῆτον |
χρῆσθον |
ἐζῆτον |
ἐχρῆσθον |
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3. |
ζῆτον |
χρῆσθον |
ζήτων |
χρήσθων |
ἐζήτην |
ἐχρήσθην |
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P.
1. |
ζῶμεν |
χρῶμεθα |
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ἐζῶμεν |
ἐχρώμεθα |
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2. |
ζῆτε |
χρῆσθε |
ζῆτε |
χρῆσθε |
ἐζῆτε |
ἐχρῆσθε |
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3. |
ζῶσι |
χρῶνται |
ζώντων |
χρήσθων |
ἔζων |
ἐχρῶντο |
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Infinitive:
ζῆν,
χρῆσθαι |
Participle:
ζῶν,
χρώμενος |
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396.
καίω
burn,
κλαίω
weep,
do not contract the forms in which ι
has disappeared (38).
Thus, κά̄ω,
κά̄εις, κά̄ει,
κά̄ομεν,
κά̄ετε, κά̄ουσι. |
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397.
Verbs in -εω of
two syllables do not contract ε with ο
or ω.
The present and imperfect
indicative of πλέω
sail
are inflected as follows. |
| πλέω |
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πλέομεν |
ἔπλεον |
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ἐπλέομον |
| πλεῖς |
πλεῖτον |
πλεῖτε |
ἔπλεις |
ἐπλεῖτον |
ἐπλεῖτε |
| πλεῖ |
πλεῖτον |
πλέουσι |
ἔπλει |
ἐπλείτην |
ἔπλεον |
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and
so πλέω,
πλέοιμι,
πλεῖ, πλεῖν,
πλέων,
πλέουσα,
πλέον. In
like manner θέω
run,
πνέω breathe. |
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a.
δέω need
has δεῖς,
δεῖ it
is necessary, δέῃ,
δέοι, δεῖν,
τὸ δέον what
is necessary; δέομαι
want,
request, has δέει,
δεῖται,
δεόμεθα,
δέωμαι. But
δέω bind
is usually an exception, making δεῖς,
δεῖ, δοῦμεν,
ἔδουν bound,
τὸ
δοῦν that
which binds, δοῦμαι,
δοῦνται, but
δεόμενον,
δέον appear
in some writers. |
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b.
ξέω scrape
contracts. βδέω,
ξέω and τρέω
have lost ς;
πλέω, θέω,
πνέω have
lost υ̯Ϝ;
δέω need
is for δευσω;
δέω bind
is for δει ̯ω. |
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398.
Two verbs in -οω,
ἱδρόω sweat,
ῥῑγόω
shiver,
may have ω and
ῳ instead
of ον and
οι. See
641. |
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Thus,
indic. ῥῑγῶ,
ῥῑγῷς, ῥῑγῷ (or
ῥῑγοῖ),
opt. ῥῑγῴην,
inf. ῥῑγῶν
(or ῥῑγοῦν),
part. ῥῑγῶν.
So ἱδρῶσι,
opt. ἱδρώῃ
(or ἱδροῑ),
part. ἱδρῶν
(or ἱδροῦν). |
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a.
λούω
wash,
when it drops its υ (43),
contracts like δηλόω.
Thus, λούω,
λούεις,
λούει, but
λοῦμεν
(for λο(ι ̯)ο-μεν),
λοῦτε, λοῦσι;
and so in other forms, as ἔλου,
λοῦται,
λοῦσθαι,
λούμενος. |
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b.
οἵομαι
think (imperfect
ᾠόμην)
has the parallel forms οἶμαι
(ᾤμην). |
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399.
Movable ν is
never (in Attic) added to the contracted 3 sing. imperfect (ἐποίει,
not ἐποίειν). |
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