See Alpha
(high or holy ground), a mountainous district of Asia mentioned in the Bible in connection with the following events:— (1) As the resting-place of the ark after the deluge. (
(a teacher, or lofty), the son of Amram and Jochebed, and the older brother of Moses and Miriam. (
(
See Month.
(father), an element in the composition of many proper names, of which Abba is a Chaldaic form, having the sense of “endowed with,” “possessed of.”
See Apollyon.
(God-given), one of the seven eunuchs in the Persian court of Ahasuerus. (
(perennial, stony), one of the “rivers of Damascus.” (
(regions beyond), a mountain or range of highlands on the east of the Jordan, in the land of Moab, facing Jericho, and forming the eastern wall of the Jordan valley at that part. Its most elevated spot was “the Mount Nebo, head of the Pisgah,” from which Moses viewed the Promised Land before his death. These mountains are mentioned in (
See Ab.
father of Shelemiah. (
(my servant).
(the servant of God), son of Guni and father of Ahi, one of the Gadites who were settled in the land of Bashan, (
(servile).
(i.e. servant of Nego, perhaps the same as Nebo), the Chaldean name given to Azariah, one of the three friends of Daniel, miraculously save from the fiery furnace.
the name of several places in Palestine, probably signifies a meadow .
(i.e., breath, vapor, transitoriness, probably so called from the shortness of his life), the second son of Adam, murdered by his brother Cain, (
(the great abel), the place where the ark rested in the field of Joshua at Beth-shemesh. (
(meadow of the house of oppression), a town of some importance, (
(Abel on the waters), also called simply Abel, (
(meadow of the dance), in the northern pat of the Jordan valley, (
(meadow of Egypt), the name given by the Canaanites to the floor of Atad, at which Joseph, his brothers and the Egyptians made their mourning for Jacob. (
(the meadow of the acacias), in the “plains” of Moab, on the low level of the Jordan valley, opposite Jericho. The last resting-place of Israel before crossing the Jordan. (
(lofty), a town in the possession of Issachar, named between Kishion and Remeth in (
mother of King Hezekiah, (
the eighth of the 24 courses or classes into which the priests were divided for serving at the altar. (
(father of strength). See Abiel Or Abiel.
(father of gathering, i.e. gathered), (
(father of abundance, i.e. liberal), High priest and fourth in descent from Eli. (B.C. 1060-1012.) Abiathar was the only one of the all the sons of Ahimelech the high priest who escaped the slaughter inflicted upon his father’s house by Saul, in revenge for his father’s house by Saul, in revenge of his having inquired of the Lord for David and given him the shew-bread to eat. (
(green fruits). [Month]
(father of knowledge), a son of Midian. (
(father of the judge), chief of the tribe of Benjamin at the time of the Exodus. (B.C. 1491.) (
(father of strength, i.e. strong).
(father of help, helpful).
(father, i.e. source, of joy).
(father of, i.e. possessing, strength).
(he (God) is my father), the second son, (
(father of renown, famous), son of Bela and grandson of Benjamin. (
(my father is Jehovah).
[Abilene]
(land of meadows), (
(father of Mael), a descendant of Joktan, (
(father of the king), the name of several Philistine kings, was probably a common title of these kings, like that of Pharaoh among the Egyptians and that of Caesar and Augustus among the Romans. Hence in the title of (
(father of light). Same as Abner. (
the father of Barak. (
a beautiful Shunammite (from Shunem, in the tribe of Issachar), taken into David’s harem to comfort him in his extreme old age. (
(father of a gift), The eldest of the three sons of Zeruiah, David’s sister, and brother to Joab and Asahel. (
(father of peace), father or grandfather of Maachah, who was the wife of Rehoboam and mother of Abijah. (
(father of deliverance).
(father of the wall), son of Shammai. (
(father of the dew), one of David’s wives. (
(father of goodness), son of Shaharaim by Hushim. (
(father of praise), descendant of Zorobabel in the genealogy of Jesus Christ. (
(father of light).
Mentioned by our Saviour, (
(father of a multitude) was the son of Terah, and founder of the great Hebrew nation. (B.C. 1996-1822.) His family, a branch of the descendants of Shem, was settled in Ur of the Chaldees, beyond the Euphrates, where Abraham was born. Terah had two other sons, Nahor and Haran. Haran died before his father in Ur of the Chaldees, leaving a son, Lot; and Terah, taking with him Abram, with Sarai his wife and his grandson Lot, emigrated to Haran in Mesopotamia, where he died. On the death of his father, Abram, then in the 75th year of his age, with Sarai and Lot, pursued his course to the land of Canaan, whither he was directed by divine command, (
(a high father), the earlier name of Abraham.
(father of peace), third son of David by Maachah, daughter of Tamai king of Geshur, a Syrian district adjoining the northeast frontier of the Holy Land. (Born B.C. 1050.) Absalom had a sister, Tamar, who was violated by her half-brother Amnon. The natural avenger of such an outrage would be Tamar’s full brother Absalom. He brooded over the wrong for two years, and then invited all the princes to a sheep-shearing feast at his estate in Baalhazor, on the borders of Ephraim and Benjamin. Here he ordered his servants to murder Amnon, and then fled for safety to his grandfather’s court at Geshur, where he remained for three years. At the end of that time he was brought back by an artifice of Joab. David, however, would not see Absalom for two more years; but at length Joab brought about a reconciliation. Absalom now began at once to prepare for rebellion. He tried to supplant his father by courting popularity, standing in the gate, conversing with every suitor, and lamenting the difficulty which he would find in getting a hearing. He also maintained a splendid retinue, (
A monument of tomb which Absalom had built during his lifetime in the king’s dale, i.e. the valley of the Kedron, at the foot of Mount Olivet, near Jerusalem, (
one of the cities in the land of Shinar. (
[Ekron]
(the Ptolemais of the Maccabees and New Testament), Now called Acca, or more usually by Europeans St. Jean d’Acre, the most important seaport town on the Syrian coast, about 30 miles south of Tyre. It was situated on a slightly projecting headland, at the northern extremity of that spacious bay which is formed by the bold promontory of Carmel on the opposite side. Later it was named Ptolemais, after one of the Ptolemies, probably Soter. The only notice of it in the New Testament is in (
(the field of blood) (Akeldama in the Revised Version), the name given by the Jews of Jerusalem to a field near Jerusalem purchased by Judas with the money which he received for the betrayal of Christ, and so called from his violent death therein. (
(trouble) signifies in the New Testament a Roman province which included the whole of the Peloponnesus and the greater part of Hellas proper, with the adjacent islands. This province, with that of Macedonia, comprehended the while of Greece; hence Achaia and Macedonia are frequently mentioned together in the New Testament to indicate all Greece. (
(belonging to Achaia), a name of a Christian. (
(troubler), an Israelite of the tribe of Judah, who, when Jericho and all that it contained were accursed and devoted to destruction, secreted a portion of the spoil in his tent. For this sin he was stoned to death with his whole family by the people, in a valley situated between Ai and Jericho, and their remains, together with his property, were burnt. (
(
king of Judah, (
(mouse).
son of Sadoc and father of Eliud in our Lord’s genealogy. (
(angry), a Philistine king of Gath, who in the title of the 34th Psalm is called Abimelech. David twice found a refuge with him when he fled from Saul. (B.C. 1061.) On the first occasion he was alarmed for his safety, feigned madness, and was sent away.
[Ecbatana]
(valley of trouble), the spot at which Achan was stoned. (
(
(ankle-chain, anklet), daughter of Caleb. Her father promised her in marriage to whoever should take Debir. Othniel, her father’s younger brother, took that city, and accordingly received the hand of Achsah as his reward. Caleb added to her dowry the upper and lower springs. (B.C. 1450-1426.) (
(fascination), a city within the territory of Asher, named between Beten and Alammelech, (
(lying, false).
See MAALEH-ACRABBIM, (
the fifth book in the New testament and the second treatise by the author of the third Gospel, traditionally known as Luke. The book commences with an inscription to one Theophilus, who was probably a man of birth and station. The readers were evidently intended to be the members of the Christian Church, whether Jews or Gentiles; for its contents are such as are of the utmost consequence to the whole Church. They are the fulfillment of the promise of the Father by the descent of the Holy Spirit, and the results of that outpouring by the dispersion of the gospel among the Jews and Gentiles. Under these leading heads all the personal and subordinate details may be arranged. First St. Peter becomes the prime actor under God int he founding of the Church. He is the centre of the first group of sayings and doings. The opening of the door to Jews, ch. 2, and Gentiles, ch. 10, is his office, and by him, in good time, is accomplished. Then the preparation of Saul of Tarsus for the work to be done, the progress, in his hand, of that work, his journeyings, preachings and perils, his stripes and imprisonments, his testifying in Jerusalem and being brought to testify in Rome,—these are the subjects of the latter half of the book, of which the great central figure is the apostle Paul. The history given in the Acts occupies about 33 years, and the reigns of the Roman emperors Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius and Nero. It seems most probable that the place of writing was Roma, and the time about two years from the date of St. Paul’s arrival there, as related in (
(festival or boundary), one of the cities in the extreme south of Judah, named with Dimonah and Kedesh. (
(ornament, beauty).
(adorned by Jehovah).
(a fire-god), the fifth son of Haman. (
a city on the Jordan, “beside Zaretan,” in the time of Joshua. (
Man, generically, for the name Adam was not confined to the father of the human race, but like homo was applicable to woman as well as to man . (
(red earth), the name given in Scripture to the first man. It apparently has reference to the ground from which he was formed, which is called in Hebrew Adamah . The idea of redness of color seems to be inherent in either word. The creation of man was the work of the sixth day—the last and crowning act of creation. Adam was created (not born) a perfect man in body and spirit, but as innocent and completely inexperienced as a child. The man Adam was placed in a garden which the Lord God had planted “eastward in Eden,” for the purpose of dressing it and keeping it. [Eden] Adam was permitted to eat of the fruit of every tree in the garden but one, which was called (“the tree of the knowledge of good and evil,” because it was the test of Adam’s obedience. By it Adam could know good and evil int he divine way, through obedience; thus knowing good by experience in resisting temptation and forming a strong and holy character, while he knew evil only by observation and inference. Or he could “know good and evil,” in Satan’s way, be experiencing the evil and knowing good only by contrast. -ED.) The prohibition to taste the fruit of this tree was enforced by the menace of death. There was also another tree which was called “the tree of life.” While Adam was in the garden of Eden, the beasts of the field and the fowls of the air were brought to him to be named. After this the Lord God caused a deep sleep to fall upon him, and took one of his ribs from him, which he fashioned into a woman and brought her to the man. At this time they were both described as being naked without the consciousness of shame. By the subtlety of the serpent the woman who was given to be with Adam was beguiled into a violation of the one command which had been imposed upon them. She took of the fruit of the forbidden tree and gave it to her husband. The propriety of its name was immediately shown in the results which followed; self-consciousness was the first-fruits of sin their eyes were opened and they knew that they were naked. Though the curse of Adam’s rebellion of necessity fell upon him, yet the very prohibition to eat of the tree of life after his transgression was probably a manifestation of divine mercy, because the greatest malediction of all would have been to have the gift of indestructible life super-added to a state of wretchedness and sin. The divine mercy was also shown in the promise of a deliverer given at the very promise of a deliverer given at the very time the curse was imposed, (
(red earth), one of the “fenced cities” of Naphtali, named between Chinnereth and Ramah. (
the translation of the Hebrew word Shamir in (
(my man, earth), a place on the border of Naphtali. (
[Month]
(high), a place on the south boundary of Judah. (
(new), a place in Judea, about four miles from Beth-horon.
(offspring of God), a son of Ishmael, (
(strong or stony), one of the places from which some of the captivity returned with Zerubbabel to Judea who could not show their pedigree as Israelites. (
(mighty one), son of Bela, (
This word is used for any poisonous snake, and is applied in this general sense by the translators of the Authorized Version. The word adder occurs five times in the text of the Authorized Version (see below), and three times int he margin as synonymous with cockatrice, viz., (
(ornament). (
(lord). [Addan]
(flock), a Benjamites, son of Beriah, chief of the inhabitants of Aijalon. (
a fortified town near Jerusalem, probably the Hadid of (
(ornament of God).
(dainty, delicate), ancestor of a family who returned form Babylon with Zerubbabel, to the number of 454, (
(slender), one of David’s captains beyond the Jordan, and a chief of the Reubenites. (
(
(double ornament), a town belonging to Judah, lying in the low country, and named, between Sharaim and hag-Gederah, in (
(justice of Jehovah), Ancestor of Shaphat, the overseer of David’s herds that fed in the broad valleys. (
(earthy, fortress), one of the “cities of the plain,” always coupled with Zeboim. (
(given by the highest), one of the seven princes of Persia. (
(rest, pleasure).
(pleasure).
(lord of Bezek), king of Bezek, a city of the Canaanites. [Bezek] This chieftain was vanquished by the tribe of Judah, (
(my Lord is Jehovah).
The sons of Adonikam, 666 in number, were among those who returned from Babylon with Zerubbabel. (
(lord of heights), (
(lord of justice), the Amorite king of Jerusalem who organized a league with four other Amorite princes against Joshua. The confederate kings having laid siege to Gibeon, Joshua marched to the relief of his new allies and put the besiegers to flight. The five kings took refuge in a cave at Makkedah, whence they were taken and slain, their bodies hung on trees, and then buried in the place of their concealment. (
an expression used by St. Paul in reference to the present and prospective privileges of Christians. (
[Adoraim]
(double mound), a fortified city built by Rehoboam, (
The acts and postures by which the Hebrews expressed adoration bear a great similarity to those still in use among Oriental nations. To rise up and suddenly prostrate the body was the most simple method; but, generally speaking, the prostration was conducted in a more formal manner, the person falling upon the knee and then gradually inclining the body until the forehead touched the ground. Such prostration was usual in the worship of Jehovah, (
(splendor of the king).
named form Adramys, brother of Croesus king of Lydia, a seaport in the province of Asia [Asia], situated on a bay of the Aegean Sea, about 70 miles north of Smyrna, in the district anciently called Aeolis, and also Mysia. See (
more properly A’drias, the Adriatic Sea. (
(flock of God), son of Barzillai, to whom Saul gave his daughter Merab, although he had previously promised her to David. (
(justice of the people), Apocr. Odollam, a city of Judah int he lowland of the Shefelah, (
(
(the going up to), a rising ground or pass over against Gilgal,” and “on the south side of the ’torrent’” (
or Paraclete, one that pleads the cause of another. (
[Egypt]
(laudble), a paralytic at Lydda healed by St. Peter. (
(springs) a place “near to Salim,” at which John baptized. (
[Ethiopia]
[Marriage]
(a locust), a Christian prophet in the apostolic age, mentioned in (
(flame), possibly the title of the kings of Amalek, like Pharaoh of Egypt. One king of this name is mentioned in (
[Agag]
[Hagar]
a beautifully-veined semi-transparent precious stone, a variety of quartz. Its colors are delicately arranged in stripes or bands or blended in clouds. It is mentioned four times in the text of the Authorized Version, viz., in (
The aged occupied a prominent place in the social and political system of the Jews. In private life they were looked up to as the depositaries of knowledge, (
(fugitive), a Hararite, father of Shammah, one of David’s three mightiest heroes. (
This was little cared for by the patriarchs. The pastoral life,
however, was the means of keeping the sacred race, whilst yet a
family, distinct from mixture and locally unattached, especially
whilst in Egypt. When grown into a nation it supplied a similar check
on the foreign intercourse, and became the basis of the Mosaic
commonwealth. “The land is mine,” (
[Herod]
(a gatherer, i.e. together of wise men), The son of Jakeh, an unknown Hebrew sage who uttered or collected the sayings of wisdom recorded in
(uncle).
(after the brother), third son of Benjamin. (
(behind the breastwork), a name occurring in an obscure fragment of the genealogies of Judah. (
(whom Jehovah holds), a priest, ancestor of Maasiai, (
(blooming), father of Eli-phelet, one of David’s thirty-seven captains. (
Another (the Hebrew) form of AHASUERIUS. (
(lion-king), the name of one Median and two Persian kings mentioned in the Old Testament.
(water), a place, (
(possessor), eleventh king of Judah, son of Jotham, reigned 741-726, about sixteen years. At the time of his accession, Rezin king of Damascus and Pekah king of Israel had recently formed a league against Judah, and they proceeded to lay siege to Jerusalem. Upon this Isaiah hastened to give advice and encouragement to Ahaz, and the allies failed in their attack on Jerusalem.
(sustained by the Lord).
(brother of the wise, discreet), son of Abishur by his wife Abihail. (
(following), ancestor of Hushim a Benjamite. The name occurs in the genealogy of Benjamin. (
(a brother).
(friend of Jehovah).
son of Sharar the Hararite (or of Sacar,) (
a Manassite of the family of Shemidah. (
(brother of help).
(brother of renown).
(a brother who raises up), son of Shaphan the scribe, an influential officer at the court of Josiah, was one of the delegates sent by Hilkaih to consult Huldah. (
(a brother of one born, i.e. before him).
(brother of anger).
(brother of the right hand).
(brother of the king).
(brother of death), a Levite apparently in the time of David. (
(brother the noble, i.e. a noble brother), Son of Iddo, one of Solomon’s twelve commissaries who supplied provisions for the royal household. (
(brother of grace, i.e. gracious).
(brotherly).
(brother of evil, i.e. unlucky), Chief of the tribe of Naphtali. (
(brother of height, lofty), one of the sons of Benjamin, and ancestor of the AHIRAMITES (
(brother of help), a Danite, father of Aholiab one of the architects of the tabernacle. (
(brother of the dawn), one of the sons of Bilhan, the grandson of Benjamin. (
the controller of Solomon’s household. (
(brother of foolishness), a native of Giloh, was a privy councillor of David, whose wisdom was highly esteemed, though his name had an exactly opposite signification. (
(brother of goodness).
(fertile), a city of Asher from which the Canaanites were not driven out. (
(ornamental) daughter of Sheshan, whom, having no issue, he gave in marriage to his Egyptian slave Jarha. (
(brothely), son of Bela the son of Benjamin. (
[Ahoah]
(my tabernacle) two symbolical names, are described as harlots, the former representing Samaria and the latter Judah.
a Danite of great skill as a weaver and embroiderer, whom Moses appointed with Bezaleel to erect the tabernacle. (
(my tabernacle is exulted), One of the three wives of Esau. (B.C. 1797.) She was the daughter of Anah. (
(brother of water, i.e. cowardly), Son of Jabath, a descendant of Judah, and head of one of the families of the Zorathites. (
(possession), properly Ahuzzam son of Ashur, the father or founder of Tekoa, by his wife Naarah. (
(possesions) one of the friends of the Philistine king Abimelech, who accompanied him at his interview with Isaac. (
(heap of ruins).
(clamor).
(feminine of Ai), a place named by Isaiah, (
like Aiath probably a variation of the name Ai, mentioned with Michmash and Bethel. (
(place of gazelles).
(the hind of the morning dawn), found once only in the Bible, in the title of (
(spring, well).
(sharp sighted), son of Ezer, one of the “dukes” or chieftains of the Horites, and descendant of Seir. (
Revised Version of (
(insidious).
(the ascent of, or the going up to); also MAALEH-ACRABBIM (the scorpion pass), A pass between the south end of the Dead Sea and Zin, forming one of the landmarks on the south boundary at once of Judah, (
from the Arabic al bastraton, a whitish stone or from Alabastron, the place in Egypt where it is found. It occurs only in (
properly Al’emeth (covering), one of the sons of Beecher, the son of Benjamin. (
(king’s oak), a place within the limits of Asher, named between Achshaph and Amad. (
(virgins), (
(covering), a Benjamite, son of Jehoadah or Jarah, (
(helper of men—brave) king of Macedon, surnamed the Great, the son of Philip and Olympias, was born at Pella B.C. 356, and succeeded his father B.C. 336. Two years afterwards he crossed the Hellespont (B.C. 334) to carry out the plans of his fathers and execute the mission of (Greece to the civilized world. He subjugated Syria and Palestine B.C. 334-332. Egypt next submitted to him B.C. 332, and in this year he founded Alexandria. In the same year he finally defeated Darius at Gaugamela, who in B.C. 330 was murdered. The next two years were occupied by Alexander in the consolidation of his Persian conquests and the reduction of Bactria. In B.C. 327 he crossed the Indus; turning westward he reached Susa B.C. 325, and proceeded to Babylon B.C. 324, which he chose as the capital of his empire. In the next year (B.C. 323) he died there of intemperance, at the early age of 32, in the midst of his gigantic plans; and those who inherited his conquests left his designs unachieved and unattempted. cf. (
(from Alexander),
the Jewish colonists of Alexandria, who were admitted to the privileges of citizenship and had a synagogue at Jerusalem. (
the former occurring in (
[Alvah]
[Alvan]
a figure of speech, which has been defined by Bishop Marsh, in accordance with its etymology as, “a representation of one thing which is intended to excite the representation of another thing.” (“A figurative representation containing a meaning other than and in addition to the literal.” “A fable or parable; is a short allegory with one definite moral.”—Encyc. Brit.) In every allegory there is a twofold sense—the immediate or historic, which is understood from the words, and the ultimate, which is concerned with the things signified by the words. The allegorical interpretation is not of the words, but of the thing signified by them, and not only may, but actually does, coexist with the literal interpretation in every allegory, whether the narrative in which it is conveyed be of things possible or real. An illustration of this may be seen in (
so written in (
On the first establishment of the Hebrews in Palestine no connections were formed between them and the surrounding nations. But with the extension of their power under the kings alliances became essential to the security of their commerce. Solomon concluded two important treaties exclusively for commercial purposes the first with Hiram king of Tyre (
a large strong tree of some description probably an oak.
(an oak) a Simeonite, ancestor of Ziza, a prince of his tribe in the reign of Hezekiah (
(measure) the first in order of the descendants of Joktan. (
(concealed) a city within the tribe of Benjamin, with “suburbs” given to the priests. (
This word is found in (
(concealing the two cakes), one of the latest stations of the Israelites between Dibon-gad and the mountains of Abarim (
The duty of alms-giving, especially in kind, consisting chiefly in portions to be left designedly from produce of the field, the vineyard and the oliveyard, (
[Algum Or Almug Trees TREES]
(in Heb. Ahalim, Ahaloth), The name of a costly and sweet-smelling wood
which is mentioned in (
a place or district, forming with Asher the jurisdiction of the ninth of Solomon’s commissariat officers. (
(A), the first letter of the Greek alphabet. With Omega, the last letter, it is used in the Old Testament and in the New to express the eternity of God, as including both the beginning and the end. (
[Writing]
(changing) the father of the apostle James the Less, (
The first altar of which we have any account is that built by Noah when he left the ark. (
(destroy not), found in the introductory verse to
(a crowd of men) one of the stations of the Israelites on their journey to Sinai, the last before Rephidim. (
(evil), a duke of Edom, (
(tall), a Horite, son of Shobal, (
(enduring), an unknown place in Asher, between Alammelech and Misheal. (
(
(labor), an Asherite, son of Helem. (
(dweller in a valley), a son of Eliphaz by his concubine Timnah grandson of Esau, and chieftain (“duke,” Authorized Version) of Edom. (
a nomadic tribe of uncertain origin, which occupied the peninsula of Sinai and the wilderness intervening between the southern hill-ranges of Palestine and the border of Egypt. (
a mountain in Ephraim, (
(gathering place), a city in the south of Judah named with Shema and Moladah in (
[Haman] (
(a covenant), apparently a mountain in or near Lebanon. (Song of Solomon 4:8) It is commonly assumed that this is the mountain in which the river Abana, (
(the Lord says, i.e. promises).
(a burden).
(burdensome)
(burdensome), son of Azareel, a priest in the time of Nehemiah, (
(whom Jehovah bears), son of Zichri and captain of 200,000 warriors of Judah in the reign of Jehoshaphat. (
[Hamath]
(the strength of the Lord).
a person of high rank employed by a government to represent it and transact its business at the seat of government of some other power. The earliest examples of ambassadors employed occur in (
embassy, a message of a public nature brought by ambassadors. The word also sometimes includes the ambassadors themselves. (
(Heb. chasmal) occurs only in (
literally “true” and used as a substantive, “that which is true,” “truth,” (
(Heb. achlamah) a subspecies of quartz of a bluish-violet color. Mention is made of this precious stone, which formed the third in the third row of the high priestly breastplate, in (
(builder), one of Solomon’s servants, (
(true), father of the prophet Jonah. (
(head), The hill of, A hill facing Giah by the way of the wilderness of Gibeon, named as the point to which Joab pursued Abner (
i.e., as explained in the margin of the Authorized Version, my people . (
(people of God).
(people of praise).
(one of the prince’s people).
Probably another form of Amminadab. He was noted for the swiftness of his chariot. (Song of Solomon 6:12) It is uncertain whether we ought to read here AMMINADIB, with the Authorized Version, or my willing people, as in the margin. Ammishad’da-i (people of the Almighty), the father of Ahiezer, prince of the tribe of Dan at the time of the Exodus. (
(people of the Giver, i.e. God), the son of Benaiah, who commanded the third division of David’s army. (
(sons of renown, mountaineers), Am’monites, Children of Ammon, A people descended from Ben-ammi, the son of Lot by his younger daughter. (
a woman of Ammonite race. (
See No-Amon.
(
(faithful).
a priest who returned with Zerubbabel. (
(builder).
(the mysterious), an Egyptian divinity, whose name occurs in that of No-amon. (
(dwellers on the summits, mountaineers), one of the chief nations who
possessed the land of Canaan before its conquest by the Israelites. As
dwelling on the elevated portions of the country, they are contrasted
with the Canaanites, who were the dwellers in the lowlands; and the
two thus formed the main broad divisions of the Holy Land, (
(burden), native of Tekoa in Judah, about six miles south of Bethlehem, originally a shepherd and dresser of sycamore trees, who was called by God s Spirit to be a prophet, although not trained in any of the regular prophetic schools. (
The book of the prophecies of Amos seems to be divided into four principal portions closely connected together. (1) From 1:1 to 2:3 he denounces the sins of the nations bordering on Israel and Judah. (2) From 2:4 to 6:14 he describes the state of those two kingdoms, especially, the former. (3) From 7:1 to 9:10 he relates his visit to Bethel, and sketches the impending punishment of Israel. At last he promises blessings. The chief peculiarity of the style consists in the number of allusions to natural objects and agricultural occupations, as might be expected from the early life of the author.
(strong), father of the prophet Isaiah, and, according to rabbinical tradition, brother of Amaziah king of Judah. (
(a city surrounded by the sea), a city of Macedonia, through which Paul and Silas passed on their way from Philippi to Thessalonica (
(large), a Christian at Rome. (
(Revised Version,) (
(an exalted people).
A branch of the great Kohathite family of the tribe of Levi, (
(keeper of the gods) perhaps a Hamite king of Shinar or Babylonia, who joined the victorious incursion of the Elamite Chedorlaomer against the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah and the cities of the plain.
were ornaments, gems, scrolls. etc.. worn as preservatives against the power of enchantments, and generally inscribed with mystic forms or characters. The “earrings” in (
(strong).
(grape-town), a town in the mountains of Judah, (
(one who answers), the son of Zibeon and father of Aholibamah, one of Esau’s wives. (
(gorge or pass), a place within the border of Issachar, named with Shihon and Rabbith. (
(whom Jehovah answers).
(long-necked), a race of giants, descendants of Arba, (
a Mizraite people or tribe. (
(image of the king), one of the idols worshipped by the colonists introduced into Samaria from Sepharvaim. (
(a cloud), one of the “heads of the people” who signed the covenant with Nehemiah. (
(Protected by Jehovah), the seventh son of Elioenai, descended from the royal line of Judah. (
a place, named between Nob and Hazor, in which the Benjamites lived after their return from captivity. (
(protected by Jehovah) probably a priest, and ancestor of Azariah, who assisted in rebuilding the city wall in the days of Nehemiah. (
(whom Jehovah has graciously given)
(answer), father of Shamgar. (
which literally means a thing suspended, is the equivalent of the Hebrew word signifying a thing or person voted. Any object so devoted to Jehovah was irredeemable. If an inanimate object, it was to be given to the priests, (
a priests’ city belonging to the tribe of Benjamin, with “suburbs.” (
(answers to prayer).
(
(manly), one of the apostles of our Lord, (
(man-conqueror).
(two springs), a city of Issachar, with “suburbs,” belonging to the (Gershonites). (
one of the three Amorite chiefs of Hebron who aided Abraham in the pursuit after the four invading kings. (
(boy), a city of Manasseh, west of Jordan, with “suburbs,” given to the Kohathites. (
(
(
By the word “angels” (i.e. “messengers” of God) we ordinarily understand a race of spiritual beings of a nature exalted far above that of man, although infinitely removed from that of God—whose office is “to do him service in heaven, and by his appointment to succor and defend men on earth. I. Scriptural use of the word .—There are many passages in which the expression “angel of God” is certainly used for a manifestation of God himself (
(sighing of the people), a Manassite, son of Shemidah (
(fountains), a city in the mountains of Judah, named with Eshtemoh and Goshen. (
This word occurs only in (
This word does not occur in the Authorized Version; but anklets are referred to in (
(grace), a “prophetess” in Jerusalem at the time of our Lord’s Presentation in the temple. (
(humble), the son of one Seth was appointed high priest A.D. 7 by Quirinus, the imperial governor of Syria, but was obliged by Valerius Gratus, procurator of Judea, to give way to Ismael, son of Phabi, at the beginning of the reign of Tiberius, A.D. 14. About A.D. 25 Joseph Caiaphas, son-in-law of An-nas, became high priest, (
in Holy Scripture, is either, I. Material—with oil—or II. Spiritual—with the Holy Ghost. I. MATERIAL.—
(Heb. nemalah). This insect is mentioned twice in the Old Testament: in (
This term is employed by the apostle John alone, and is defined by him
in a manner which leaves no doubt as to its intrinsic meaning. With
regard to its application there is less certainty. In the first
passage— (
(from Antiochus)-
(an opponent), the name of a number of kings of Syria who lived during the interval between the Old and New Testaments, and had frequent connection with the Jews during that period. They are referred to in the Apocrypha especially in the books of the Maccabees.
[Herod]
(like the father), martyr at Pergamos, (
(for his father), a town to which the soldiers conveyed St. Paul by night on their march. (
(from Marc Antony) (a square stone fortress or castle adjoining the northwest corner of the temple area at Jerusalem. There was a tower at each corner. It was rebuilt by Herod the Great, and named by him from Marc Antony. From the stairs of this castle Paul addressed the multitude who had assaulted him (
(answers of Jehovah), a Benjamite, one of the sons of Jeroham. (
a dweller at Anathoth. (
(confederate), son of Coz and descendant of Judah, through Ashur the father of Tekoa (
(called), a Christian saluted by St. Paul in (
(Heb. kophim) are mentioned in (
the names of certain tribes, colonies from which had been planted in Samaria by the Assyrian leader Asnapper. (
(strength), the name of several places in Palestine.
(strong place), a city of Judah, in the mountains (
(refreshed), one of the fore-fathers of King Saul. (
(strong), a city of Asher from which the Canaanites were not driven out. (
(dust), The house of, a place mentioned in (
(the dispersion), chief of the 15th of the 24 courses in the service of the temple. (
A Greek word meaning revelation, applied chiefly to the book of Revelation by John. [Revelation Of St. John]
(concealed, hidden).
(belonging to Apollo), a city of Macedonia, through which Paul and Silas passed in their way from Philippi and Amphipolis to Thessalonica. (
(given by Apollo) a Jew from Alexandria, eloquent (which may also mean learned) and mighty in the Scriptures; one instructed in the way of the Lord, according to the imperfect view of the disciples of John the Baptist, (
or, as it is literally in the margin of the Authorized Version of (
(one sent forth), in the New Testament originally the official name of those twelve of the disciples whom Jesus chose to send forth first to preach the gospel and to be with him during the course of his ministry on earth. The word also appears to have been used in a non-official sense to designate a much wider circle of Christian messengers and teachers See (
or Ap’paim (the nostrils), son of Nadab, and descended from Jerahmeel, the founder of an important family of the tribe of Judah. (
The principle, of appeal was recognized by the Mosaic law in the
establishment of a central court under the presidency of the judge or
ruler for the time being, before which all cased too difficult for the
local court were to be tried. (
(fruitful) a Christian woman addressed jointly with Philemon and Archippus in
(market-place of Appius), a well-known station on the Appian Way, the great road which led from Rome to the neighborhood of the Bay of Naples. (
Revised Version for Appii Forum. (
(Heb. tappuach). Mention of the apple tree occurs in the Authorized Version in (Song of Solomon 2:3; 8:5) and
(an eagle), a Jew whom St. Paul found at Corinth on his arrival from Athens. (
(a city), or Ar of Moab, one of the chief places of Moab. (
(lion), one of the sons of Jether, the head of a family of Asherites. (
(ambush) a city of Judah in the mountainous district, probably in the neighborhood of Hebron; mentioned only in (
(burnt up). Although this word appears in the Authorized Version in its original shape only in (
(desert, barren), a country known in the Old Testament under two designations:—
the nomadic tribes inhabiting the country to the east and south of Palestine, who in the early times of Hebrew history were known as Ishmaelites and descendants of Keturah.
a royal city of the Canaanites, named with Hormah and Libnah. (
(a wild ass), a Benjamite, son of Beriah, who drove out the inhabitants of Gath. (
(wayfaring).
(high).
a female inhabitant of Aram. (
(highlands of two rivers). (
(wild goat), a Horite, son of Dishan and brother of Uz.
(ark), a Jebusite who sold his threshing floor on Mount Moriah to David as a site for an altar to Jehovah, together with his oxen. (
(city of the four), the progenitor of the Anakim, or sons of Anak, from whom their chief city, Hebron, received its name of Kirjath-Arba. (
Hebron, or Kirjath-Arba, as “the city of Arbah” is always rendered elsewhere. (
a native of the Arabah or Ghor . [Arabah] Abi-albon the Arbathite was one of David’s mighty men. (
a native of Arab. Paarai the Arbite was one of David’s guard. (
A triumphal arch erected at Rome, and still remaining there, to commemorate the conquest of Judea and the destruction of Jerusalem by the emperor Titus. It was erected after his death, A.D. 91, by the senate and people of Rome. It was a magnificent structure, decorated with bas-reliefs and inscriptions, and is of especial interest because its historic bas-reliefs represent the captors carrying in triumph to Rome the golden candlestick and sacred utensils from the Jewish temple at Jerusalem. From these we obtain our best idea of their shape.—ED.
(prince of the people), son of Herod the Great by a Samaritan woman, Malthake, and, with his brother Antipas brought up at Rome. At the death of Herod (B.C. 4) his kingdom was divided between his three sons, Herod Antipas, Archelaus and Philip. Archelaus never properly bore the title of king, (
perhaps the inhabitants of Erech, some of whom had been placed as colonists in Samaria. (
(
(master of the horse), a Christian teacher in Colossae, (
(as if from a place named Erech, on the frontiers of Ephraim), the usual designation of David’s friend Hushai. (
The book of (
(bear-keeper). The Hebrew words ’Ash and ’Aish, rendered “Arcturus” in the Authorized Version of (
(one that descending), the son of Bela and grandson of Benjamin. (
the descendants of Ard or Addar, the grandson of Benjamin. (
(fugitive) a Son of Caleb, the son of Hezron, by his wife Azubah. (
(heroic), a son of Gad. (
a member of the court of Areopagus. (
[Mars Hill’ HILL]
(graver).
perhaps a Gileadite officer who was governor of Argob. He was either an accomplice of Pekah in the murder of Pekahiah or was slain by Pekah. (
(stony), a tract of country on the east of the Jordan, in Bashan, the
kingdom of Og, containing 60 great and fortified cities. In later
times it was called Trachonitis, and it is now apparently identified
with the Leiah, a very remarkable district south of Damascus and east
of the Sea of Galilee. (
(the strong), ninth son of Haman. (
sixth son of Haman. (
(lion). Either one of the accomplices of Pekah in his conspiracy against Pekahiah, or one of the princes of Pekahiah who was put to death with him. (
(lion of God).
(heights). (
(venerable).
(lion-like), eighth son of Haman. (
(the best ruler), a Thessalonian, (
(the best counsellor), a resident at Rome, some of whose household are greeted in (
A small boat or basket made of the papyrus, a reed which grows in the marshes of Egypt. It was covered with bitumen to make it water tight.
The first piece of the tabernacle’s furniture, for which precise directions were delivered.
[Noah]
from Arka, one of the families of the Canaanites, (
(the hill or city of Megiddo). (
(land of Aram) is nowhere mentioned under that name in the original Hebrew, though it occurs in the English version, (
an ornament universal in the East, especially among women; used by princes as one of the insignia of royalty, and by distinguished persons in general. The word is not used in the Authorized Version, as even in (
son of Saul by Rizpah. (
The subject naturally divides itself into— I. Offensive weapons: Arms. II. Defensive weapons: Armor. I. Offensive weapons.—
I. Jewish ARMY.—Every man above 20 years of age was a soldier, (
In the received Hebrew text “the sons of Arnan” are mentioned in the genealogy of Zerubbabel. (
(Used in the Revised Version for Aram in (
(roaring), the river or torrent which formed the boundary between Moab and the Amorites, on the north of Moab, (
(a wild ass), a son of Gad, (
[Arod]
[Arod]
(ruins).
Hothan the Aroerite was the father of two of David’s captains. (
(strong city), (
(stronghold of the Chaldees).
(the great warrior).
(gift of Artemis), a companion of St. Paul. (
(windows), the third of Solomons commissariat districts. (
(height), a place apparently in the neighborhood of Shechem, at which Abimelech resided. (
(wandering) (
[Arvad]
prefect of the palace at Tirzah to Elah king of Israel, who was assassinated at a banquet in his house by Zimri. (
(physician, or cure).
(made by God).
(the Lord hath made), a servant of King Josiah, sent by him to seek information of Jehovah respecting the book of the law which Hilkiah found in the temple, (
(the Lord hath made).
(collector of the people).
(A school of poetry and musical composers founded by Asaph.)
(whom God hath bound (by an oath)), a son of Jehaleleel, in the genealogies of Judah. (
(upright toward God), one of the sons of Asaph, a musician, (
(worshipper of Neith), daughter of Potipherah, priest, or possibly prince, of On [Potipherah, Or Potipherah], wife of Joseph, (
(Heb. oren), only in (
(smoke), a city in the low country of Judah. (
(I adjure), a proper name, but whether of a person or place is uncertain. (
(reproof of God), second son of Benjamin and ancestor of the Ashbelites. (
(
(a stronghold), (
the inhabitants of Ashdod, (
(3:17;
a place which formed one boundary of the tribe of Manasseh on the south. (
Apocrypha and New Testament, A’ser (blessed), the eighth son of Jacob, by Zilpah, Leah’s handmaid. (
(straight), the name of a Phoenician goddess, or rather of the idol itself (Authorized Version “grove”). Asherah is closely connected with Ashtoreth and her worship, (
descendants of Asher, and members of his tribe. (
The ashes on the altar of burnt offering were gathered into a cavity in its surface. The ashes of a red heifer burnt entire, according to regulations prescribed in
a god of the Hamathite colonists in Samaria. (
Apocrypha As’calon (migration), one of the five cities of the Philistines, (
(spreading fire), one of the three sons of Gomer, son of Japhet. (
the name of two cities, both in the lowlands of Judah: (1) named between Zoreah and Zanoah, and therefore probably northwest of Jerusalem, (
(horse-nose), the master of the eunuchs of Nebuchadnezzar. (
properly As’riel (vow of God). (
and once As’taroth (a star), a city on the east of Jordan in Bashan, in the kingdom of Og, doubtless so called from being a seat of the worship of the goddess of the same name. (1:4;
a native or inhabitant of Ashtaroth, (
(Ashteroth of the two horns or peaks) a place of very great antiquity, the abode of the Rephaim. (
(a star) the principal female divinity of the Phoenicians, called Ishtar by the Assyrians and Astarte by the Greeks and Romans. She was by some ancient writers identified with the moon. But on the other hand the Assyrian Ishtar was not the moon-goddess, but the planet Venus; and Astarte was by many identified with the goddess Venus (or Aphrodite), as well as with the plant of that name. It is certain that the worship of Astarte became identified with that of Venus, and that this worship was connected with the most impure rites is apparent from the close connection of this goddess with Asherah. (
(black), the posthumous son of Hezron by his wife Abiah. (
(steps), a tribe descended from Dedan, the grandson of Abraham. (
Only in (
One of the sons of Japhlet, of the tribe of Asher. (
(orient). The passages in the New Testament where this word occurs are the following; (
(chief of Asia) (Authorized Version; (
(created by God).
(thorn-bush). The children of Asnah were among the Nethinim who returned with Zerubbabel. (
(swift), mentioned in (
(Heb. pethen), translated (adder in) (
the name of some sweet perfume mentioned in
third son of Haman. (
the pool in the “wilderness of Thecoe.”
the son of Gilead and great-grandson of Manasseh. (
Five Hebrew names of the genus Asinus occur in the Old Testament.
second son of Shem, (
(captive).
(approaching), a seaport of the Roman province of Asia in the district anciently called Mysia, on the northern shore of the Gulf of Adrn-myttium, and about seven miles from Lesbos. (
(
was a great and powerful country lying on the Tigris, (
(1:4) [Ashtaroth]
(
(incomparable), a Christian at Rome, saluted by St. Paul. (
(thorn), The threshing-floor of, called also Abel-mizraim, (
(a crown) a wife of Jerahmeel, and mother of Onam. (
(crowns).
(shut up).
(lodging place). (
(whom Jehovah made), a descendant of Pharez, the son of Judah, who dwelt at Jerusalem after the return from Babylon, (
(afflicted of the Lord) daughter of Ahab and Jezebel, married Jehoram the son of Jehoshaphat king of Judah and introduced into that kingdom the worship of Baal. (B.C. 891.) After the great revolution by which Jehu seated himself on the throne of Samaria she killed all the members of the royal family of Judah who had escaped his sword. (
natives of Athens (
(city of Athene), the capital of Attica, and the chief seat of Grecian learning and civilization during the golden period of the history of Greece. Description—Athens is situated about three miles from the seacoast, in the central plain of Attica. In this plain rise several eminences Of these the most prominent is a lofty insulated mountain with a conical peaked Summit, now called the Hill of St. George, and which bore in ancient times the name of Lycabettus . This mountain, which was not included within the ancient walls, lies to the northeast of Athens, and forms the most striking feature in the environs of the city. It is to Athens what Vesuvius is to Naples, or Arthur’s Seat to Edinburgh Southwest of Lycabettua there are four hills of moderate height, all of which formed part of the city. Of these the nearest to Lycabettus and at the distance of a mile from the latter, was the Aeropolis, or citadel of Athens, a square craggy rock rising abruptly about 150 feet, with a flat summit of about 1000 feet long from east to west, by 500 feet broad from north to south. Immediately west of the Aeropolis is a second hill of irregular form, the Areopagus (Mars’ Hill). To the southwest there rises a third hill, the Pnyx, on which the assemblies of the citizens were held. South of the city was seen the Saronic Gulf, with the harbors of Athens. History.—Athens is said to have derived its name from the prominence given to the worship of the goddess Athena (Minerva) by its king, Erechtheus. The inhabitants were previously called Cecropidae, from Cecrops, who, according to tradition, was the original founder of the city. This at first occupied only the hill or rock which afterwards became the Acropolis; but gradually the buildings spread over the ground at the southern foot of this hill. It was not till the time of Pisistratus and his sons (B.C. 560-514) that the city began to assume any degree of splendor. The most remarkable building of these despots was the gigantic temple of the Olympian Zeus or Jupiter. Under Themistocles the Acropolis began to form the centre of the city, round which the new walls described an irregular circle of about 60 stadia or 7 1/4 miles in circumference. Themistocles transferred the naval station of the Athenians to the peninsula of Piraeus, which is distant about 4 1/2 miles from Athens, and contains three natural harbors. It was not till the administration of Pericles that the walls were built which connected Athens with her ports. Buildings.—Under the administration of Pericles, Athens was adorned with numerous public buildings, which existed in all their glory when St. Paul visited the city. The Acropolis was the centre of the architectural splendor of Athens. It was covered with the temples of gods and heroes; and thus its platform presented not only a sanctuary, but a museum containing the finest productions of the architect and the sculptor, in which the whiteness of the marble was relieved by brilliant colors, and rendered still more dazzling by the transparent clearness of the Athenian atmosphere. The chief building was the Parthenon (i.e. House of the Virgin), the most perfect production of Grecian architecture. It derived its name from its being the temple of Athena Parthenos, or Athena the Virgin, the invincible goddess of war. It stood on the highest part of the Acropolis, near its centre. It was entirely of Pentelic marble, on a rustic basement of ordinary limestone, and its architecture, which was of the Doric order, was of the purest kind. It was adorned with the most exquisite sculptures, executed by various artists under the direction of Phidias. But the chief wonder of the Parthenon was the colossal statue of the virgin goddess executed by Phidias himself: The Acropolis was adorned with another colossal figure of Athena, in bronze, also the work of Phidias. It stood in the open air, nearly opposite the Propylaea. With its pedestal it must have been about 70 feet high, and consequently towered above the roof of the Parthenon, so that the point of its spear and the crest of its helmet were visible off the promontory of Sunium to ships approaching Athens. The Areopagus, or Hill of Ares (Mars), is described elsewhere. [Mars Hill’ HILL] The Pnyx, or place for holding the public assemblies of the Athenians, stood on the side of a low rocky hill, at the distance of about a quarter of a mile from the Areopagus. Between the Pnyx on the west) the Areopagus on the north and the Acropolis on the east, and closely adjoining the base of these hills, stood the Agora or “Market,” where St. Paul disputed daily. Through it ran the road to the gymnasium and gardens of the Academy, which were situated about a mile from the walls. The Academy was the place where Plato and his disciples taught. East of the city, and outside the walls was the Lyceum, a gymnasium dedicated to Apollo Lyceus, and celebrated as the place in which Aristotle taught. Character.—The remark of the sacred historian respecting the inquisitive character of the Athenians (
(whom Jehovah afflicts), one of the sons of Bebai, who put away his foreign wife at the exhortation of Ezra. (
I. The great day of national humiliation, and the only one commanded in the Mosaic law. [Fasts] The mode of its observance is described in Levi 16, and the conduct of the people is emphatically enjoined in (
(crowns), a city of Gad. (
(opportune).
(from Attalus), a coast-town of Pamphylia, mentioned (
(venerable) Cae’sar, the first Roman emperor. He was born A.U.C. 691, B.C. 63. His father was Caius Octavius; his mother Atia, daughter of Julia the sister of C. Julius Caesar. He was principally educated by his great-uncle Julius Caesar, and was made his heir. After his murder, the young Octavius, then Caius Julius Caesar Octavianus, was taken into the triumvirate with Antony and Lepidus, and, after the removal of the latter, divided the empire with Antony. The struggle for the supreme power was terminated in favor of Octavianus by the battle of Actium, B.C. 31. On this victory he was saluted imperator by the senate, who conferred on him the title Augustus, B.C. 27. The first link binding him to New Testament history is his treatment of Herod after the battle of Actium. That prince, who had espoused Antony’s side, found himself pardoned, taken into favor and confirmed, nay even increased, in his power. After Herod’s death, in A.D. 4, Augustus divided his dominions, almost exactly according to his dying directions, among his sons. Augustus died in Nola in Campania, Aug. 19, A.U.C. 767, A.D. 14, in his 76th year; but long before his death he had associated Tiberius with him in the empire.
(
(ruin), a place in the empire of Assyria, apparently the same as Ivan. (
(nothingness).
(ruins), A’vims or A’vites .
(ruins), the city of Hadad ben-Bedad, one of the kings of Edom before there were kings in Israel. (
a tool of which we do not know the ancient form. The only notice of it is in connection with the custom of boring the ear of the slave. (
a name only occurring in (
(whom the Lord reserved), the father of Shaphan the scribe in the reign of Josiah. (
(whom the Lord hears), the father or immediate ancestor of Jeshua the Levite, in the time of Nehemiah. (
a Levite musician. (
(whom the Lord helps).
(whom the Lord helps) a common name in Hebrew, and especially in the families of the priests of the line of Eleazar, whose name has precisely the same meaning as Azariah. It is nearly identical, and is often confounded, with Ezra as well as with Zerahiah and Seraiah. The principal persons who bore this name were—
(strong), a Reubenite, father of Bela. (
(whom the Lord strengthens)
(strong devastation), father or ancestor of Nehemiah, the prince of part of Bethzur. (
(dugover), a town of Judah, with dependent villages, lying in the Shefelah or rich agricultural plain. It is most clearly defined as being near Shochoh, (
(noble), a descendant of Saul. (
(bone), a city in the extreme south of Judah, (
(strength of fortune). The children of Azgad, to the number of 1222 (2322 according to) (
(whom God comforts), a Levite. (
(strong) a layman of the family of Zattu, who had married a foreign wife after the return from Babylon.
a place to all appearance in Benjamin, being named with other towns belonging to that tribe. (
(strong unto death).
(strong), a place named as being on the southern boundary of the Holy Land, apparently near the torrent of Egypt (Wadi el-Arish). (
(the ears (i.e. possibly the summits) of Tabor), one of the landmarks of the boundary of Naphtali. (
(a helper), son of Eliakim, in the line of our Lord. (
(whom God helps).
(help against the enemy).
(forsaken).
properly Az’zur (he that assists)
(the strong). The more accurate rendering of the name of the well-known Philistine city Gaza. (2:23;
(very strong), the father of Paltiel prince of the tribe of Issachar, who represented his tribe in the division of the promised land. (
(one who helps), one of the heads of the People who signed the covenant with Nehemiah. (
geographical. This word occurs as the prefix or suffix to the names of several places in Palestine, some of which are as follows:
the supreme male divinity of the Phoenician and Canaanitish nations, as Ashtoreth was their supreme female divinity. Some suppose Baal to correspond to the sun and Ashtoreth to the moon; others that Baal was Jupiter and Ashtoreth Venus. There can be no doubt of the very high antiquity of the worship of Baal. It prevailed in the time of Moses among the Moabites and Midianites, (
(lord).
[Baal, NO. 2]
[Baal, Nos. 3,4]
[Baal, NO. 2, a]
(
[Baal]
king of the Ammonites at the time of the destruction of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar. (
(brutish) one of the wives of Shaharaim, a descendant of Benjamin. (
(work of Jehovah), a Gershonite Levite, one of the forefathers of Asaph the singer. (
(wicked), B.C. 953-931, third sovereign of the separate kingdom of Israel, and the founder of its second dynasty. He was son of Ahijah of the tribe of Issachar and conspired against King Nadab, (
(confusion), Bab’ylon (Greek form of Babel), is properly the capital city of the country which is called in Genesis Shinar, and in the later books Chaldea, or the land of the Chaldeans. The first rise of the Chaldean power was in the region close upon the Persian Gulf; thence the nation spread northward up the course of the rivers, and the seat of government moved in the same direction, being finally fixed at Babylon, perhaps not earlier than B.C, 1700. I. Topography of Babylon—Ancient description of the city.—All the ancient writers appear to agree in the fact of a district of vast size, more or less inhabited having been enclosed within lofty walls and included under the name of Babylon. With respect to the exact extent of the circuit they differ. The estimate of Herodotus and of Pliny is 480 stades (60 Roman miles, 53 of our miles) of Strabo 385, of Q. Curtius 368, of Clitarchus 365 and of Ctesias 360 stades (40 miles). (George Smith, in his “Assyrian Discoveries,” differs entirely from all these estimates, making the circuit of the city but eight miles.) Perhaps Herodotus spoke of the outer wall, which could be traced in his time. Taking the lowest estimate of the extent of the circuit, we shall have for the space within the rampart an area of above 100 square miles—nearly five times the size of London! It is evident that this vast space cannot have been entirely covered with houses. The city was situated on both sides of the river Euphrates, and the two parts were connected together by a stone bridge five stades (above 1000 yards) long and 30 feet broad. At either extremity of the bridge was a royal palace, that in the eastern city being the more magnificent of the two. The two palaces were joined not only by the bridge, but by a tunnel under the river. The houses, which were frequently three or four stories high, were laid out in straight streets crossing each other at right angles. II. Present state of the ruins.—A portion of the ruins is occupied by the modern town of Hillah . About five miles above Hillah, on the opposite or left bank of the Euphrates occurs a series of artificial mounds of enormous size. They consist chiefly of three great masses of building,—the high pile of unbaked brickwork which is known to the Arabs as Babel, 600 feet square and 140 feet high; the building denominated the Kasr or palace, nearly 2000 feet square and 70 feet high, and a lofty mound upon which stands the modern tomb of Amram-ibn-’Alb . Scattered over the country on both sides of the Euphrates are a number of remarkable mounds, usually standing single, which are plainly of the same date with the great mass of ruins upon the river bank. Of these by far the most striking is the vast ruin called the Birs-Nimrud, which many regard as the tower of Babel, situated about six miles to the southwest of Hillah. [BABEL, Tower OF] III. Identification of sites.—The great mound of Babel is probably the ancient temple of Beaus. The mound of the Kasr marks the site of the great palace of Nebuchadnezzar. The mound of Amram is thought to represent the “hanging gardens” of Nebuchadnezzar; but most probably it represents the ancient palace, coeval with Babylon itself, of which Nebuchadnezzar speaks in his inscriptions as adjoining his own more magnificent residence. IV. History of Babylon.—Scripture represents the “beginning of the kingdom” as belonging to the time of Nimrod. (
in the Apocalypse, is the symbolical name by which Rome is denoted. (
the inhabitants of Babylon, a race of Shemitic origin, who were among the colonists planted in the cities of Samaria by the conquering Assyrian. (
literally “robe of Shinar,” (
(weeping), The Valley of, A valley in Palestine, through which the exiled Psalmist sees in vision the pilgrims passing in their march towards the sanctuary of Jehovah at Zion. (
the family of Becher, son of Ephraim. (
There is much obscurity as to the meaning of the word tachash, rendered “badger” in the Authorized Version, (
is the rendering of several words in the Old and New Testaments.
[Bahurim]
(low ground), a village, (
(the horse), referring to the “temple” of the false gods of Moab, as opposed to the “high places” in the same sentence. (
(admirable), a Levite, apparently a descendant of Asaph. (
(bottle). “Children of Bakkuk” were among the Nethinim who returned from captivity with Zerubbabel. (
(wasting of Jehovah), a Levite in the time of Nehemiah. (
Reference to baking is found in (
(B.C. 1451), the son of beor, a man endowed with the gift of prophecy. (
(
[MERODACH-BALADAN]
(
(spoiler), son of Zippor, king of the Moabites, who hired Balaam to curse the Israelites; but his designs were frustrated int he manner recorded in (
[Baal, Geogr. No. 6]
Reference to balances is found in (
Natural baldness seems to have been uncommon, since it exposed people to public derision. (
(from balsam, Heb. tzori, tezri) occurs in (
(high place). Found only in (
(heights of Baal), a sanctuary of Baal in the country of Moab (
The “band of Roman soldiers” referred to in (
(built).
[See Ensign]
among the Hebrews, were not only a means of social enjoyment, but were a part of the observance of religious festivity. At the three solemn festivals the family also had its domestic feast. (16:11) Sacrifices, both ordinary and extraordinary, (
It is well known that ablution or bathing was common in most ancient nations as a preparation for prayers and sacrifice or as expiatory of sin. In warm countries this connection is probably even closer than in colder climates; and hence the frequency of ablution in the religious rites throughout the East. Baptism in the name of the Father, Son and Holy Ghost is the rite or ordinance by which persons are admitted into the Church of Christ. It is the public profession of faith and discipleship. Baptism signifies—
(son of Abba), a robber, (
(God has blessed), father of Elihu. (
(
(lightning), son of Abinoam of Kedesh, a refuge city in Mount Naphtali, was incited by Deborah, a prophetess of Ephraim, to deliver Israel from the yolk of Jabin.
“every one not a Greek is a barbarian” is the common Greek definition, and in this strict sense the word is sued in (
[Bahurim]
(fugitive), a descendant of the royal family of Judah. (
(son of Jesus). [Elymas]
(son of Jonah). [Peter]
(painted). “Children of Barkos” were among the Nethinim who returned from the captivity with Zerubbabel. (
is one of the most important of the cereal grains, and the most hardy of them all. It was grown by the Hebrews, (
(son of consolation or comfort) a name given by the apostles, (
Revised Version of (
(son of Tolmai), one of the twelve apostles of Christ. (
(son of Timeus), a blind beggar of Jericho who, (
(blessed).
One of the apocryphal books of the Old Testament. The book was held in little esteem by the Jews, and both its date and authorship are very uncertain.
(iron, i.e., strong).
(fruitful), a district on the east of Jordan. It is sometimes spoken of as the “land of Bashan,” (
(Bashan of the villages of Jair), a name given to Argob after its conquest by Jair. (3:14)
(fragrant, pleasing), daughter of Ishmael, the last married of the three wives of Esau. (
Among the smaller vessels for the tabernacle or temple service, many must have been required to receive from the sacrificial victims the blood to be sprinkled for purification. The “basin” from which our Lord washed the disciples’ feet was probably deeper and larger than the hand-basin for sprinkling.
The Hebrew terms used in the description of this article are as follows: (1) Sal, so called from the twigs of which it was originally made, specially used for holding bread. (
(fragrant, pleasing), a daughter of Solomon, married to Ahimaaz, one of his commissariat officers. (
Among those who were excluded from entering the congregation, even to the tenth generation, was the bastard. (23:2) The term is not, however, applied to any illegitimate offspring, born out of wedlock, but is restricted by the rabbins to the issue of any connection within the degrees prohibited by the law.
(
[Measures]
This was a prescribed part of the Jewish ritual of purification in cases of accident, or of leprous or ordinary uncleanness, (
(daughter of many), The gate of, One of the gates of the ancient city of heshbon. (Song of Solomon 7:4,5)
(daughter of the oath), (
[BATH-SHEBA]
(
(
Among the Jews a battlement was required by law to be built upon every house. It consisted of a low wall built around the roofs of the houses to prevent persons from falling off, and sometimes serving as a partition from another building. (22:8;
son of Henadad, ruler of the district of Keilah in the time of Nehemiah. (
A species of laurel. Laurus nobilis . An evergreen, with leaves like our mountain laurel. (
(asking). “Children of Bazlith” were among the Nethinim who returned with Zerubbabel. (
[Bazlith]
(bedolach). (
A signal or conspicuous mark erected on an eminence for direction. (
(Jehovah is lord), a Benjamite who went over to David at Ziklag. (
(ladies) a town in the extreme south of Judah. (
(
(
(house of God’s court), named only in (
Western Asiatics have always cherished the beard as the badge of the dignity of manhood, and attached to it the importance of a feature. The Egyptians, on the contrary for the most part shaved the hair of the face and head, though we find some instances to the contrary. The beard is the object of an oath, and that on which blessing or shame is spoken of as resting. The custom was and is to shave or pluck it and the hair out in mourning, (
(fatherly).
(young or firstborn)
(first-born), son of Aphiah or Abiah, and grandson of Becher according to (
The Jewish bed consisted of the mattress, a mere mat, or one or more
quilts; the covering, a finer quilt, or sometimes the outer garment worn
by day, (
(solitary), the father of Hadad king of Edom. (
(son of judgement).
one of the sons of Bani, in the time of Ezra, who had taken a foreign wife. (
(deborah). (1:44;
(the Lord knows); one of David’s 9 sons, born in Jerusalem. (
[See Beelzebul]
(lord of the house), the title of a heathen deity, to whom the Jews ascribed the sovereignty of the evil spirits; Satan, the prince of the devils. (
(a well).
(a well), son of Zophah, of the tribe of Asher. (
prince of the Reubenites, carried away by Tiglath-pileser. (
(well of heroes), a spot named in (
(a well of the living), a living spring, Authorized Version, fountain, comp. (
(wells), one of the four cities of the Hivites who deluded Joshua into a treaty of peace with them. (
the wells of the tribe of Bene-Jaakan, which formed one of the halting-places of the Israelites in the desert. (10:6) In (
(well of the oath), the name of one of the old places in Palestine which formed the southern limit of the country. There are two accounts of the origin of the name. According to the first, the well was dug by Abraham, and the name given to Judah, (
(house of Ashterah), one of the two cities allotted to the sons of Gershon out of the tribe of Manasseh beyond Jordan. (
[Locust]
Same as cattle. (
The poor among the Hebrews were much favored. They were allowed to glean in the fields, and to gather whatever the land produced in the year in which it was not tilled (
(great beasts). There can be little or no doubt that by this word, (
[Weights And Measures AND Measures]
[Baal]
(destruction).
[Bela, 3]
(
The meaning of this word as found in the Scriptures is worthlessness, and hence reckless, lawlessness. The expression son or man of Belial must be understood as meaning simply a worthless, lawless fellow. The term as used in (
The word occurs only in (
In (
(prince of Bel), the last king of Babylon. In (
(favored by Bel .) [Daniel, Daniel, The Book Of]
(son), a Levite, one of the porters appointed by David for the ark. (
(made by the Lord).
(son of my people), the son of the younger daughter of Lot, and progenitor of the Ammonites. (
(son of lightning), one of the cities of the tribe of Dan, mentioned only in (
(sons of Jaakan), a tribe who gave their name to certain wells in the desert which formed one of the halting-places of the Israelites on their journey to Canaan. [Beeroth Of The Children Of Jaakan BENE-JAAKAN] Also given in (
(the children of the East), an appellation given to a people or to peoples dwelling to the east of Palestine. It occurs in (
(son of Hadad), the name of three kings of Damascus. BENHADAD I., King of Damascus, which in his time was supreme in Syria. He made an alliance with Asa, and conquered a great part of the north of Israel. (
(son of the host, strong), one of the princes whom King Jehoshaphat sent to teach in the cities of Judah. (
(son of the gracious), son of Shimon, in the line of Judah. (
(our son), a Levite; one of those who sealed the covenant with Nehemiah. (
(son of the right hand, fortunate).
(
The proximity of Benjamin to Ephraim during the march to the promised land was maintained in the territory allotted to each. That given to Benjamin formed almost a parallelogram, of about 26 miles in length by 12 in breadth, lying between Ephraim, the Jordan, Judah and Dan. The general level of this part of Palestine is not less than 2000 feet above the Mediterranean or than 3000 feet above the valley of the Jordan, the surrounding country including a large number of eminences—almost every one of which has borne some part in the history of the tribe—and many torrent beds and deep ravines.
The contrast between the warlike character of the tribe and the peaceful image of its progenitor comes out in many scattered notices. Benjamin was the only tribe which seems to have pursued archery to any purpose, and their skill in the bow, (
(his son), a Levite of the sons of Merari. (
(
(son of my sorrow). (
(son of Zoheth), a descendant of Judah. (
(burning or torch).
(son of evil) king of Sodom. (
(well watered).
(blessing), a Benjamite who attached himself to David at Ziklag. (
a valley in which Jehoshaphat and his people assembled to “bless” Jehovah after the overthrow of the hosts of Moabites. (
(blessed of Jehovah), a Gershonite Levite, father of Asaph. (
(created by Jehovah), son of Shimhi, a chief man of Benjamin. (
(blessed of Jehovah).
(hail).
(a well), son of Zophah, of the tribe of Asher. (
(in evil, or a gift).
A tribe of people who are named with Abel and Beth-maachah, and who were therefore doubtless situated in the north of Palestine. (
(
(bringing victory), the eldest daughter of Herod Agrippa I. (
(
(toward the wells), Bero’-tha-i (my wells). The first of these two names is given by Ezekiel, (
(
(tarshish) occurs in (
(sword). “Children of Besai” were among the Nethinim who returned to Judea with Zerubbabel. (
(n the secret of the Lord) father of one of the repairers of the wall of Jerusalem. (
a brush or broom of twigs for sweeping (
(cool), a torrent-bed or wady in the extreme south of Judah. (
(confidence), a city belonging to Hadadezer king of Zobah, mentioned with Berothai. (
(height), one of the cities on the border of the tribe of Asher. (
the most general word for a house or habitation. It has the special meaning of a temple or house of worship Beth is more frequently employed in compound names of places than any other word.
(house of the ford), a place beyond Jordan, in which according to the Received Text of the New Testament, John was baptizing. (
(house of echo or reply), one of the “fenced cities” of Naphtali, named with Beth-shemesh, (
(house of echo), a town in the mountainous district of Judah, named with Halhul, Beth-zur and others in (
In the Revised Version for Bethabara, (
(house of dates, or house of misery), a village which, scanty as are the notices of it contained in Scripture, is more intimately associated in our minds than perhaps any other place with the most familiar acts and scenes of the last days of the life of Christ. It was situated “at” the Mount of Olives, (
(house of the desert), one of the six cities of Judah which were situated down in the Arabah, the sunk valley of the Jordan and Dead Sea, (
(house of the height), accurately BETH-HARAM, one of the towns of Gad on the east of Jordan, described as in “the valley,” (
(house of nothingness, i.e. of idols), a place on the mountains of Benjamin, east of Bethel, (
(house of Azmaveth). Under this name is mentioned, in (
(house of Baalmeon), a place in the possessions of Reuben, on the downs (Authorized Version “plain”) east of the Jordan. (
(house of the ford), named only in (
(house of my creation), a town of Simeon, (
(house of the lamb), a place named as the point to which the Israelites pursued the Philistines, (
(house of Dagon).
(house of fig-cakes), a town of Moab, (
(the house of God) well known city and holy place of central Palestine, about 12 mlles north of Jerusalem. If we are to accept the precise definition of (
(house of the valley), a place on or near the border of Asher, on the north side of which was the ravine of Jiphthah-el (
(depth), The mountains of. (Song of Solomon 2:17) There is no clue to guide us as to what mountains are intended here.
(house of mercy, or the flowing water), the Hebrew name of a reservoir or tank, with five “porches,” close upon the sheep-gate or “market” in Jerusalem. (
(neighbor’s house), a place named only in (
(house of the wall), doubtless a place, though it occurs in the genealogies of Judah as if a person. (
(camel-house), a town of Moab, in the downs east of Jordan. (
Same as Gilgal. (
(house of the vine). (
(
(partridge-house), and Holg’lah a place on the border of Judah, (
(house of caverns), the name of two towns or villages, an “upper” and a “nether,” (
(house of deserts) or Jes’imoth, a town or place east of Jordan, on the lower level at the south end of the Jordan valley, (
(house of lionesses), a town in the lot of Simeon, (
(house of bread).
(house of oppression), a place named only in (
(house of the chariots), one of the towns of Simeon, situated to the extreme south of Judah. (
(
(house of leopards) one of the fenced cities on the east of Jordan taken and built by the tribe of Gad (
(house of flight), a town among those in the extreme south of Judah, named in (
(house of the dispersion), a town of Issachar named with En-haddah (
(house of Peor), a place on the east of Jordan, opposite Jericho and six miles above Libias or Beth-haran. (
(g hard) (house of figs) the name of a place on the Mount of Olives on the road between Jericho and Jerusalem. It was apparently close to Bethany. (
(
a name which occurs in the genealogy of Judah as the son of Eshton. (
(house of Rehob), place mentioned as having near it the valley in which lay the town of Laish or Dan. (
(house of fish) of Galilee, (
(house of rest), or in Samuel, BETHSHAN, a city which belonged to Manasseh, (
(house of the sun).
(home of the acacia), one of the spots to which the flight of the host of the Midianites extended after their discomfiture by Gideon. (
(house of apples), one of the towns of Judah in the mountainous district, and near Hebron. (
(dweller in God), the son of Nahor by Milcah; nephew of Abraham, and father of Rebekah, (
(dweller in God) a town of Simeon in the south named with Eltolad and Hormah, (
(house of rock) a town in the mountains of Judah, built by Jeroboam, (
a town of Gad, apparently on the northern boundary. (
[Marriage.1]
(married), the name which the land of Israel is to bear when “the land shall be married.” (
(conqueror). “Children of Bezai,” to the number of 328, returned from captivity with Zerubbabel (
(in the shadow of God).
(lightning).
(gold ore), son of Zophah, one of the heads of the houses of Asher. (
a city of refuge in the downs on the east of the Jordan. (4:43;
The Bible is the name given to the revelation of God to man contained in sixty-six books or pamphlets, bound together and forming one book and only one, for it has in reality one author and one purpose and plan, and is the development of one scheme of the redemption of man. I. ITS Names.— (1) The Bible, i.e. The Book, from the Greek “ta biblia,” the books. The word is derived from a root designating the inner bark of the linden tree, on which the ancients wrote their books. It is the book as being superior to all other books. But the application of the word BIBLE to the collected books of the Old and New Testaments is not to be traced farther back than the fifth century of our era. (2) The Scriptures, i.e. the writings, as recording what was spoken by God. (3) The Oracles, i.e. the things spoken, because the Bible is what God spoke to man, and hence also called (4) The Word. (5) The Testaments or Covenants, because it is the testimony of God to man, the truths to which God bears witness; and is also the covenant or agreement of God with man for his salvation. (6) The Law, to express that it contains God’s commands to men. II. COMPOSITION.—The Bible consists of two great parts, called the Old and New Testaments, separated by an interval of nearly four hundred years. These Testaments are further divided into sixty-six books, thirty-nine in the Old Testament and twenty-seven in the New. These books are a library in themselves being written in every known form old literature. Twenty-two of them are historical, five are poetical, eighteen are prophetical, twenty-one are epistolary. They contain logical arguments, poetry, songs and hymns, history, biography, stories, parables, fables, eloquence, law, letters and philosophy. There are at least thirty-six different authors, who wrote in three continents, in many countries, in three languages, and from every possible human standpoint. Among these authors were kings, farmers, mechanics, scientific men, lawyers, generals, fishermen, ministers and priests, a tax-collector, a doctor, some rich, some poor, some city bred, some country born—thus touching all the experiences of men extending over 1500 years. III. UNITY.—And yet the Bible is but one book, because God was its real author, and therefore, though he added new revelations as men could receive them, he never had to change what was once revealed. The Bible is a unit, because (1) It has but one purpose, the salvation of men. (2) The character of God is the same. (3) The moral law is the same. (4) It contains the development of one great scheme of salvation. IV. ORIGINAL LANGUAGES.—The Old Testament was written in Hebrew, a Shemitic language, except that parts of the books of Ezra (
(first-born), (
(son of stabbing, i.e, one who stabs), Jehu’s “captain,” originally his fellow officer, (
(gift of God), one of the seven chamberlains or eunuchs of the harem of King Ahasuerus. (
(gift of God), a eunuch (chamberlain, Authorized Version) in the court of Ahasuerus, one of those “who kept the door,” and conspired with Teresh against the king’s life. (
(happy).
(son of contention), the second of Job’s three friends. He is called “the Shuhite,” which implies both his family and nation. (
(foreigners), a town in the western half of the tribe of Manasseh, named only in (
(first-born).
(
(timid, bashful), handmaid of Rachel, (
(modest).
(eloquent), one of Zerubbabel’s companions on his expedition from Babylon. (
(circumcised), one of the sons of Japhlet in the line of Asher. (
(fountain), one of the descendants of Saul. (
(familyship).
[Sparrow]
(son of godlessness), a king of Gomorrah. (
The custom of observing birthdays is very ancient, (
the advantages accruing to the eldest son. These were not definitely fixed in patriarchal times. Great respect was paid to him in the household, and, as the family widened into a tribe, this grew into a sustained authority, undefined save by custom, in all matters of common interest. Thus the “princes” of the congregation had probably rights of primogeniture. (
a name occurring in the genealogies of Asher. (
The word originally signified an “overseer” or spiritual superintendent. The titles bishop and elder, or presbyter, were essentially equivalent. Bishop is from the Greek, and denotes one who exercises the function of overseeing. Presbyter was derived from the office in the synagogue. Of the order in which the first elders or bishops were appointed, as of the occasion which led to the institution of the office, we have no record. The duties of the bishop-elders appear to have been as follows:
the district over which the jurisdiction of a bishop extended. (
(daughter of the Lord), daughter of a Pharaoh, and wife of Mered. (
more accurately the Bithron (a craggy gorge or ravine), a place, doubtless a district, in the Jordan valley on the east side of the river. (
a Roman province of Asia Minor. Mentioned only in (
The Israelites were commanded to eat the Paschal lamb “with unleavened bread and with bitter herbs.” (
The word occurs in (
(contempt of Jehovah), a town in the south of Judah. (
(eunuch), the second of the seven eunuchs of King Ahasuerus’ harem. (
violent ulcerous inflammations, the sixth plague of Egypt, (
in its technical English sense, signifies the speaking evil of God and in this sense it is found (
(sprout), the chamberlain of Herod Agrippa I. (
is extremely common in the East from many causes. Blind beggars figure repeatedly in the New Testament (
To blood is ascribed in Scripture the mysterious sacredness which belongs to life, and God reserved it to himself when allowing man the dominion over and the use of the lower animals for food. Thus reserved, it acquires a double power: (1) that of sacrificial atonement; and (2) that of becoming a curse when wantonly shed, unless duly expiated. (
He who avenged the blood of one who had been killed. The nearest relative of the deceased became the authorized avenger of blood. (
a name signifying sons of thunder, given by our Lord to the two sons of Zebedee, James and John, probably on account of their fiery earnestly. (
[Swine]
(fleetness).
(youth), son of Azel, according to the present Hebrew text of (
(the weepers) a place on the west of Jordan, above Gilgal; so named from the weeping of Israel. (
(thumb), a Reubenite. (
a stone erected in honor of Bohan on the boundary between Judah and Benjamin, in the valley of Achor, along the eastern side of the present Wady Dahr, running into the Dead Sea.
[Medicine]
[Slave]
[Writing]
[Succoth; Tabernacles, The Feast Of, FEAST OF]
consisted of captives of both sexes, cattle, and whatever a captured city might contain, especially metallic treasures. Within the limits of Canaan no captives were to be made, (20:14,16) beyond these limits, in case of warlike resistance, all the women and children were to be made captives, and the men put to death. The law of booty is given in (
(
(
same as Beor. (
The Arabs keep their water, milk and other liquids in leathern bottles. These are made of goatskins. When the animal is killed they cut off its feet and its head, and draw it in this manner out of the skin without opening its belly. The great leathern bottles are made of the skin of a he-goat, and the small ones, that serve instead of a bottle of water on the road, are made of a kid’s skin. The effect of external heat upon a skin bottle is indicated in (
(
(
(the height), one of the two sharp rocks between the passages which Jonathan entered the Philistine garrison. It seems to have been that on the north. (
(rocky height), a city of Judah in the lowlands (
(fortress).
[See Armlet] Bracelets of fine twisted Venetian gold are still common in Egypt. In (
[Thorns]
The word nechosheth is improperly translated by “brass.” In most places of the Old Testament the correct translation would be copper, although it may sometimes possibly mean bronze a compound of copper and tin. Indeed a simple metal was obviously intended, as we see from (8:9; 33:25;
[Serpent]
The preparation of bread as an article of food dates from a very early period. (
(
[Marriage]
(
Brimstone, or sulphur, is found in considerable quantities on the shores of the Dead Sea. (
The Hebrew word is used in various senses in the Old Testament, as,
(wasting).
(wasting from Jehovah), a Kohathite Levite, of the sons of Heman, one of the musicians in the temple. (
(rain). [Month]
terms used synonymously with ox, oxen, and properly a generic name for horned cattle when a full age and fit for the plough. It is variously rendered “bullock,” (
(or papyrus), a red growing in the shallow water on the banks of the Nile. It grows to the height of 12 or 15 feet, with a stalk two or three inches in diameter. The stalks are very pliable and can be very closely interwoven, as is evident from their having been used in the construction of arks. (
(understanding), a son of Jerahmeel, of the family of Pharez in Judah. (
(understanding), a son of Jerahmeel, of the family of Pharez in Judah. (
(my understanding).
[TOMBS] On this subject we have to notice—
The word is applied to the offering which was wholly consumed by fire on the altar, and the whole of which, except the refuse ashes “ascended” in the smoke to God. The meaning of the whole burnt offering was that which is the original idea of all sacrifice, the offering by the sacrificer of himself, soul and body, to God—the submission of his will to the will of the Lord. The ceremonies of the burnt offering are given in detail in the book of Leviticus. [Sacrifice]
The Hebrew word seneh occurs only in those passages which refer to Jehovah’s appearance to Moses “in the flame of fire in the bush.” (
[Weights And Measures AND Measures]
One of the officers of the king’s household, (
Curdled milk. (
(contempt).
(contempt), father of Ezekiel the prophet. (
[Measures]
a town in the low country of Judah. (
always in the New Testament the Roman emperor, the sovereign of Judea. (
(
is mentioned only in the first two Gospels, (
The term so rendered in (
(depression), in full Joseph CAIAPHAS, high priest of the Jews under Tiberius. (
one of the cities in the low country of Judah, named with Zanoah and Gibeah. (
(possession).
(possessor)
(completion, old age), one of the most ancient cities of Assyria. (
[Reed]
(sustenance), a man of Judah, son or descendant of Zerah. (
a vessel for boiling flesh, for either ceremonial or domestic use. (
(capable).
The calf was held in high esteem by the Jews as food. (
[See Golgatha]
The species of camel which was in common use among the Jews and the heathen nations of Palestine was the Arabian or one-humped camel, Camelus arabicus . The dromedary is a swifter animal than the baggage-camel, and is used chiefly for riding purposes; it is merely a finer breed than the other. The Arabs call it the heirie . The speed, of the dromedary has been greatly exaggerated, the Arabs asserting that it is swifter than the horse. Eight or nine miles an hour is the utmost it is able to perform; this pace, however, it is able to keep up for hours together. The Arabian camel carries about 500 pounds. “The hump on the camel’s back is chiefly a store of fat, from which the animal draws as the wants of his system require; and the Arab is careful to see that the hump is in good condition before a long journey. Another interesting adaptation is the thick sole which protects the foot of the camel from the burning sand. The nostrils may be closed by valves against blasts of sand. Most interesting is the provision for drought made by providing the second stomach with great cells in which water is long retained. Sight and smell is exceedingly acute in the camel.”—Johnson’s Encyc. It is clear from (
(full of grain), the place in which Jair the judge was buried. (
There can be no doubt that “camphire” is the Lawsonia alba of botanists, the henna of Arabian naturalists. The henna plant grows in Egypt, Syria, Arabia and northern India. The flowers are white and grow in clusters, and are very fragrant. The whole shrub is from four to six feet high, (Song of Solomon 4:13)
(place of reeds) of Galilee, once Cana in Galilee, a village or town not far from Capernaum, memorable as the scene of Christ’s first miracle, (
(Ca’nan) (low, flat).
(lit. lowland), a name denoting the country west of the Jordan and the Dead Sea, and between those waters and the Mediterranean; given by God to Abraham’s posterity, the children of Israel. (
the designation of the apostle Simon, otherwise known as “Simon Zelotes.” It occurs in (
a word used in two senses:
(
(prince of servants), a queen of Ethiopia (Meroe), mentioned (
in (
which Moses was commanded to make for the tabernacle, is described (
[Reed]
[Locust]
(
may be generally described as the “collection of books which form the original and authoritative written rule of the faith and practice of the Christian Church,” i.e. the Old and New Testaments. The word canon, in classical Greek, is properly a straight rod, “a rule” in the widest sense, and especially in the phrases “the rule of the Church,” “the rule of faith,” “the rule of truth,” The first direct application of the term canon to the Scriptures seems to be in the verses of Amphilochius (cir. 380 A.D.), where the word indicates the rule by which the contents of the Bible must be determined, and thus secondarily an index of the constituent books. The uncanonical books were described simply as “those without” or “those uncanonized.” The canonical books were also called “books of the testament,” and Jerome styled the whole collection by the striking name of “the holy library,” which happily expresses the unity and variety of the Bible. After the Maccabean persecution the history of the formation of the Canon is merged in the history of its contents. The Old Testament appears from that time as a whole. The complete Canon of the New Testament, as commonly received at present, was ratified at the third Council of Carthage (A.D. 397), and from that time was accepted throughout the Latin Church. Respecting the books of which the Canon is composed, see the article Bible. (The books of Scripture were not made canonical by act of any council, but the council gave its sanction to the results of long and careful investigations as to what books were really of divine authority and expressed the universally-accepted decisions of the church. The Old Testament Canon is ratified by the fact that the present Old Testament books were those accepted in the time of Christ and endorsed by him, and that of 275 quotations of the Old Testament in the New, no book out of the Canon is quoted from except perhaps the word of Enoch in Jude.—ED.)
(Song of Songs), entitled in the Authorized Version THE SONG OF Solomon. It was probably written by Solomon about B.C. 1012. It may be called a drama, as it contains the dramatic evolution of a simple love-story. Meaning.— The schools of interpretation may be divided into three: the mystical or typical, the allegorical, and the literal .
(village of Nahum) was on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee. (
one of the numerous words employed in the Bible to denote a village or collection of dwellings smaller than a city (Ir). Mr Stanley proposes to render it by “hamlet.” In names of places it occurs in Chephar-he-Ammonai, Chephirah, Caphar-salama. To us its chief interest arises from its forming a part of the name of Capernaum, i.e. Capharnahum.
(a crown), thrice mentioned as the primitive seat of the Philistines, (2:23;
(province of good horses), (
A prisoner of war. Such were usually treated with great cruelty by the heathen nations. They were kept for slaves, and often sold; but this was a modification of the ancient cruelty, and a substitute for putting them to death Although the treatment of captives by the Jews seems sometimes to be cruel, it was very much milder than that of the heathen, and was mitigated, as far as possible in the circumstances, by their civil code.
The present article is confined to the forcible deportation of the Jew; from their native land, and their forcible detention, under the Assyrian or Babylonian kings. Captives of Israel.—The kingdom of Israel was invaded by three or four successive kings of Assyria. Pul or Surdanapalus, according to Rawlinson, imposed a tribute (B.C. 771 or 712), Rawl.) upon Menahem. (
This word represents two Hebrew words. The first may he a general term to denote any bright, sparkling gem, (
(severe), the seventh of the seven “chamberlains,” i.e. eunuchs, of King Ahasuerus. (
(fortress of Chemosh) occupied nearly the site of the later Mabug or Hierapolis. It seems to have commanded the ordinary passage of the Euphrates at Bir or Birekjik . Carchemish appears to have been taken by Pharoah Necho shortly after the battle of Megiddo (cir. B.C. 608), and retaken by Nebuchadnezzar after a battle three years later, B.C. 605. (
(bald head), father of Johanan, (
the southern part of the region which int he New Testament is called Asia, and the southwestern part of the peninsula of Asia Minor. (
(fruitful place or park).
(vine dresser).
a Christian at Troas. (
This word signifies what we now call “baggage.” In the margin of (
(illustrious), one of the seven princes of Persia and Media. (
(
The arts of carving and engraving were much in request in the construction of both the tabernacle and the temple. (
(silvery, white), a place of uncertain site on the road between Babylon and Jerusalem. (
(fortified), a Mizraite people or tribe. (
(
[Fenced Cities CITIES]
(
The representative in the Authorized Version of the Hebrew word chasil and yelek .
(
a sort of ornamental head-dress, (
The most remarkable caves noticed in Scripture are, that in which Lot dwelt after the destruction of Sodom, (
The Hebrew word erez, invariably rendered “cedar” by the Authorized
Version, stands for that tree in most of the passages where the word
occurs. While the word is sometimes used in a wider sense,
(
(
The descriptions of Scripture, (
(accurately Cenchre’ae) (millet), the eastern harbor of Corinth (i.e. its harbor on the Saronic Gulf) and the emporium of its trade with the Asiatic shores of the Mediterranean, as Lechaeum on the Crointhian Gulf connected it with Italy and the west. St. Paul sailed from Cenchrae, (
A small portable vessel of metal fitted to receive burning coals from the altar, and on which the incense for burning was sprinkled. (
[Taxing]
[Army]
[Peter]
the husk of corn or wheat which was separated from the grain by being thrown into the air, the wind blowing away the chaff, while the grain was saved. The carrying away of chaff by the wind is an ordinary scriptural image of the destruction of the wicked and of their powerlessness to resist God’s judgments. (
Chains were used,
only in (
(
more correctly Chaldae’a, the ancient name of a country of Asia bordering on the Persian Gulf. Chaldea proper was the southern part of Babylonia, and is used in Scripture to signify that vast alluvial plain which has been formed by the deposits of the Euphrates and the Tigris. This extraordinary flat, unbroken except by the works of man, extends a distance of 400 miles along the course of the rivers, and is on an average about 100 miles in width. In addition to natural advantages these plains were nourished by a complicated system of canals, and vegetation flourished bountifully. It is said to be the only country in the world where wheat grows wild. Herodotus declared (i. 193) that grain commonly returned two hundred fold to the sower, and occasionally three hundred fold. Cities.—Babylonia has long been celebrated for the number and antiquity of its cities. The most important of those which have been identified are Borsippa (Birs-Nimrun), Sippara or Sepharvaim (Mosaib), Cutha (Ibrahim), Calneh (Niffer), Erech (Warka), Ur (Mugheir), Chilmad (Kalwadha), Larancha (Senkereh), Is (Hit), Durabe (Akkerkuf); but besides these there were a multitude of others, the sites of which have not been determined. Present condition—This land, once so rich in corn and wine, is to-day but a mass of mounds, “an arid waste; the dense population of former times is vanished, and no man dwells there.” The Hebrew prophets applied the term “land of the Chaldeans” to all Babylonia and “Chaldeans” to all the subjects of the Babylonian empire.
It appears that the Chaldeans (Kaldai or Kaldi) were in the earliest times merely one out of many Cushite tribes inhabiting the great alluvial plain known afterwards as Chaldea or Babylonia. Their special seat was probably that southern portion of the country which is found to have so late retained the name of Chaldea. In process of time, as the Kaldi grew in power, their name gradually prevailed over those of the other tribes inhabiting the country; and by the era of the Jewish captivity it had begun to be used generally for all the inhabitants of Babylonia. It appears that while, both in Assyria and in later Babylonia, the Shemitic type of speech prevailed for civil purposes, the ancient Cushite dialect was retained, as a learned language for scientific and religious literature. This is no doubt the “learning” and the “tongue” to which reference it made in the book of Daniel, (
[Lime]
(
an officer attached to the court of a king, who formerly had charge of the private apartments or chambers of the palace. He kept the accounts of the public revenues. The office held by Blastus, “the king’s chamberlain,” was entirely different from this. (
a species of lizard. The reference in (
(pronounced often shame), the translation of the Hebrew zemer in (14:5) But the translation is incorrect; for there is no evidence that the chamois have ever been seen in Palestine or the Lebanon. It is probable that some mountain sheep is intended.
the capital of a pillar; i.e. the upper part, as the term is used in modern architecture.
(i.e. cheap man), merchant.
(ravine of craftsmen), a place near Lydda, a few miles east of Joppa. (
(
a shallow vessel for receiving water or blood, also for presenting offerings of fine flour with oil. (
a vehicle used either for warlike or peaceful purposes, but most commonly the former. The Jewish chariots were patterned after the Egyptian, and consisted of a single pair of wheels on an axle, upon which was a car with high front and sides, but open at the back. The earliest mention of chariots in Scripture is in Egypt, where Joseph, as a mark of distinction, was placed in Pharaoh’s second chariot. (
(
[Hunting]
(a contraction of Chenaniah), one of the Levites who assisted at the solemn purification of the people under Ezra. (
(length), a river in the “land of the Chaldeans.” (
(cord), one of the singular topographical terms in which the ancient Hebrew language abounded. We find it always attached to the region of Argob. (3:4,13,14;
(handful of sheaves), a king of Elam, in the time of Abraham, who with three other chiefs made war upon the kings of Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, Zeboim and Zoar, and reduced them to servitude. (
is mentioned only three times in the Bible, and on each occasion under a different name in the Hebrew. (
(perfection), (
(completed), (
(capable), the son of Hezron. Same as Caleb. (
(those who go about in black, i.e. ascetics). In the Hebrew applied to the priests of the worship of false gods. (
(subduer), the national deity of the Moabites. (
(merchant).
(established by the Lord), chief of the Levites when David carried the ark to Jerusalem. (
(hamlet of the Ammonites), a place mentioned among the town of Benjamin. (
(the hamlet), one of the four cities of the Gibeonites, (
(lyre), one of the sons of Dishon the Horite “duke.” (
(axe-men), (
(executioners) and of King David. (
(cutting, ravine), the torrent-bed or wady in which Elijah hid himself during the early part of the three-years drought. (
apparently a place in Babylonia from which some persons of doubtful extraction returned to Judea with Zerubbabel. (
The symbolical figure so called was a composite creature-form which finds a parallel in the religious insignia of Assyria, Egypt and Persia, e.g. the sphinx, the winged bulls and lions of Nineveh, etc. A cherub guarded paradise. (
(hopes), a place named as one of the landmarks on the west part of the north boundary of Judah, (
(increase), fourth son of Nahor. (
(idolatrous), a town in the extreme south of Palestine, (
By this word are translated in the Authorized Version two distinct Hebrew terms:
(Heb. ’armon .) (
(the loins), one of the towns of Issachar. (
(lying), a name which occurs but once, (
(a javelin), the name which in (
The blessing of offspring, but especially of the male sex, is highly valued among all eastern nations, while a the absence is regarded as one of the severest punishments. (
(like his father), a son of David by Abigail. [Abigail]
(pining, sickly), the son of Naomi and husband of Ruth. (
(enclosure), a place or country mentioned in conjunction with Sheba and Asshur. (
(longing), a follower and probably a son, of Barzillai the Gileadite, who returned from beyond Jordan with David. (
[Chimham]
(circuit), accurately Cinnareth, a fortified city in the tribe of Naphtali, (
(
(snowy), an island of the Aegean Sea, 12 miles from Smyrna. It is separated from the mainland by a strait of only 5 miles. Its length is about 12 miles, and in breadth it varies from 8 to 18. Paul passed it on his return voyage from Troas to Caesarea.
[Month]
(confidence), father of Elidad, the prince of the tribe of Benjamin chosen to assist in the division of the land of Canaan among the tribes. (
(loins of Tabor) a place to the border of which reached the border of Zebulun. (
(bruisers), a family or race descended from Javan. (
(a statue, perhaps of Saturn), an idol made by the Israelites in the wilderness. [Remphan]
(green herb), a woman mentioned in (
(
one of the cities in which our Lord’s mighty works were done, but named only in his denunciation.
(
[Jesus]
The disciples, we are told, (
the name originally given to the record made by the appointed historiographers in the kingdoms of Israel and Judah. In the LXX. these books are called Paralipomena (i.e. things omitted), which is understood as meaning that they are supplementary to the books of Kings. The constant tradition of the Jews is that these books were for the most part compiled by Ezra. One of the greatest difficulties connected with the captivity and return must have been the maintenance of that genealogical distribution of the land which yet was a vital point of the Jewish economy. To supply this want and that each tribe might secure the inheritance of its fathers on its return was one object of the author of these books. Another difficulty intimately connected with the former was the maintenance of the temple services at Jerusalem. Zerubbabel, and after him Ezra and Nehemiah, labored most earnestly to restore the worship of God among the people, and to reinfuse something of national life and spirit into their hearts. Nothing could more effectually aid these designs than setting before the people a compendious history of the kingdom of David, its prosperity under God; the sins that led to its overthrow; the captivity and return. These considerations explain the plan and scope of that historical work which consists of the two books of Chronicles. The first book contains the sacred history by genealogies from the Creation to David, including an account of David’s reign. In the second book he continues the story, giving the history of the kings of Judah, without those of Israel, down to the return from the captivity. As regards the materials used by Ezra, they are not difficult to discover. The genealogies are obviously transcribed from some register in which were preserved the genealogies of the tribes and families drawn up at different times; while the history is mainly drawn from the same document as those used in the books of King. [Kings, First And Second Books Of, BOOKS OF]
By this term we understand the technical and historical chronology of the Jews and their ancestors from the earliest time to the close of the New Testament Canon.
occurs only in (
one of the precious stones in the foundation of the heavenly Jerusalem. (
Latin form of CHRYSOPRAS.
the name of a people in alliance with Egypt in the time of Nebuchadnezzar, (
(
(chief of two governments), the king of Mesopotamia who oppressed Israel during eight years in the generation immediately following Joshua. (
properly Chu’zas (the seer), the house-steward of Herod Antipas. (
[Jordan]
(the land of Celix), a maritime province int he southeast of Asia Minor, bordering on Pamphylia in the west, Lycaonia and Cappadocia in the north, and Syria in the east. (
a well-known aromatic substance, the rind of the Laurus cinnamomum, called Korunda-gauhah in Ceylon. It is mentioned in (
(
was peculiarly, though not exclusively, a Jewish rite. It was enjoined upon Abraham, the father of the nation, by God, at the institution and as the token of the covenant, which assured to him and his descendants the promise of the Messiah.
the father of Saul, (
a receptacle for water, either conducted from an external spring or proceeding from rain-fall. The dryness of the summer months and the scarcity of springs in Judea made cisterns a necessity, and they are frequent throughout the whole of Syria and Palestine. On the long-forgotten way from Jericho to Bethel, “broken cisterns” of high antiquity are found at regular intervals. Jerusalem depends mainly for water upon its cisterns, of which almost every private house possesses one or more, excavated in the rock on which the city is built. The cisterns have usually a round opening at the top, sometimes built up with stonework above and furnished with a curb and a wheel for a bucket. (
The earliest notice in Scripture of city-building is of Enoch by Cain, in the land of his exile. (
six Levitical cities specially chosen for refuge to the involuntary homicide until released from banishment by the death of the high priest. (
The use of this term in Scripture has exclusive reference to the usages of the Roman empire. The privilege of Roman citizenship was originally acquired in various ways, as by purchase, (
[Apple Tree, Apple TREE]
(lame), (
(lame), a Christian woman mentioned in (
(lame), fourth Roman emperor, reigned from 41 to 54 A.D. He was nominated to the supreme power mainly through the influence of Herod Agrippa the First. In the reign of Claudius there were several famines, arising from unfavorable harvests, and one such occurred in Palestine and Syria. (
As the sediment of water remaining in pits or in streets, the word is used frequently in the Old Testament. (
(mild, merciful), (
(of a renowned father), one of the two disciples who were going to Emmaus on the day of the resurrection. (
Revised Version Clo’pas, the husband of Mary the sister of Virgin Mary. (
[Dress]
The shelter given, and refreshment of rain promised, by clouds give them their peculiar prominence in Oriental imagery. When a cloud appears rain is ordinarily apprehended, and thus the “cloud without rain” becomes a proverb for the man of promise without performance. (
The pillar of cloud by day and of fire by night that God caused to pass before the camp of the children of Israel when in the wilderness. The cloud, which became a pillar when the host moved, seems to have rested at other times on the tabernacle, whence god is said to have “come down in the pillar.” (
patched. (
(nidus), a city of great consequence, situated at the extreme south west of the peninsula of Asia Minor, on a promontory now called Cape Crio, which projects between the islands of Cos and Rhodes. See (
The first and most frequent use of the word rendered coal is a live ember, burning fuel. (
border, with no more reference to lands bordering on the sea than to any other bordering lands.
[Dress]
(
[Adder]
probably signifies bad weeds or fruit. (
(hollow Syria), the remarkable valley or hollow which intervenes between Libanus and Anti-Libanus, stretching a distance of nearly a hundred miles. The only mention of the region as a separate tract of country which the Jewish Scriptures contain is probably that in (
(argaz), a movable box hanging from the side of a cart. (
(all-seeing), a man of the tribe of Judah in the time of Nehemiah. (
For the proper sense of this term, as it occurs in (
In (
a designation of Philippi, in (
The terms relative to color, occurring in the Bible, may be arranged in two classes, the first including those applied to the description of natural objects, the second those artificial mixtures which were employed in dyeing or painting. The purple and the blue were derived from a small shellfish found in the Mediterranean, and were very costly, and hence they were the royal colors. Red, both scarlet and crimson, was derived from an insect resembling the cochineal. The natural colors noticed in the Bible are white, black, red, yellow and green. The only fundamental color of which the Hebrews appear to have had a clear conception was red ; and even this is not very often noticed.
more properly Colos’sae, was a city of Phrygia in Asia Minor, in the upper part of the basin of the Maeander, on the Lycus. Hierapolis and Laodicea were in its immediate neighborhood. (
was written by the apostle St. Paul during his first captivity at Rome. (
(
From the time that men began to live in cities, trade, in some shape, must have been carried on to supply the town-dwellers with necessaries from foreign as well as native sources, for we find that Abraham was rich, not only in cattle, but in silver, gold and gold and silver plate and ornaments. (
(made by Jehovah), one of the chiefs of the Levites in the time of Josiah. (
The difference between wife and concubine was less marked among the Hebrews than among us, owing to the absence of moral stigma. The difference probably lay in the absence of the right of the bill of divorce, without which the wife could not be repudiated. With regard to the children of wife and of concubine, there was no such difference as our illegitimacy implies. The latter were a supplementary family to the former; their names occur in the patriarchal genealogies, (
meaning an aqueduct or trench through which water was carried. Tradition, both oral and as represented by Talmudical writers, ascribes to Solomon the formation of the original aqueduct by which water was brought to Jerusalem.
(shaphan), a gregarious animal of the class Pachydermata, which is found in Palestine, living in the caves and clefts of the rocks, and has been erroneously identified with the rabbit or coney. Its scientific name as Hyrax syriacus . The hyrax satisfies exactly the expressions in (
This describes the Hebrew people in its collective capacity under its peculiar aspect as a holy community, held together by religious rather than political bonds. Sometimes it is used in a broad sense as inclusive of foreign settlers, (
[Jeconiah]
(appointed by the Lord), a Levite, ruler of the offerings and tithes in the time of Hezekiah. (
[Priest]
This term (with one exception)— (
As meet did not form an article of ordinary diet among the Jews, the art of cooking was not carried to any perfection. Few animals were slaughtered except for purposes of hospitality or festivity. The proceedings on such occasions appear to have been as follows:—On the arrival of a guest, the animal, either a kid, lamb or calf, was killed, (
(
Heb. nechosheth, in the Authorized Version always rendered “brass,” except in (
(
an offering to God of any sort, bloody or bloodless, but particularly in fulfillment of a vow. The law laid down rules for vows, (1) affirmative; (2) negative. (
The materials of which cord was made varied according to the strength required; the strongest rope was probably made of strips of camel hide, as still used by the Bedouins. The finer sorts were made of flax, (
(
The plant called Coriandrum sativum is found in Egypt, Persia and India, and has a round tall stalk; it bears umbelliferous white or reddish flowers, from which arise globular, grayish, spicy seed-corns, marked with fine striae. It is mentioned twice in the Bible. (
an ancient and celebrated city of Greece, on the Isthmus of Corinth, and about 40 miles west of Athens. In consequence of its geographical position it formed the most direct communication between the Ionian and AEgean seas. A remarkable feature was the AcroCorinthus, a vast citadel of rock, which rises abruptly to the height of 2000 feet above the level of the sea, and the summit of which is so extensive that it once contained a whole town. The situation of Corinth, and the possession of its eastern and western harbors, Cenchreae and Lechaeum, are the secrets of its history. Corinth was a place of great mental activity, as well as of commercial and manufacturing enterprise. Its wealth was so celebrated as to be proverbial; so were the vice and profligacy of its inhabitants. The worship of Venus where was attended with shameful licentiousness. Corinth is still an episcopal see. The city has now shrunk to a wretched village, ont he old site and bearing the old name, which, however, is corrupted into Gortho . St. Paul preached here, (
was written by the apostle St. Paul toward the close of his nearly three-years stay at Ephesus, (
was written a few months subsequent to the first, in the same year—about the autumn of A.D. 57 or 58—at Macedonia. The epistle was occasioned by the information which the apostle had received form Titus, and also, as it would certainly seem probable, from Timothy, of the reception of the first epistle. This information, as it would seem from our present epistle, was mainly favorable; the better part of the church were returning to their spiritual allegiance to the founder, (
the representative in the Authorized Version of the Hebrew words kaath and shalac . As to the former, see Pelican. Shalac occurs only as the name of an unclean bird in (
The most common kinds were wheat, barley, spelt, Authorized Version, (
(of a horn), a Roman centurion of the Italian cohort stationed in Caesarea, (
The “corner” of the field was not allowed, (
a quoin or cornerstone, of great importance in binding together the sides of a building. The phrase “corner-stone” is sometimes used to denote any principal person, as the princes of Egypt, (
(Heb. shophar), a loud-sounding instrument, made of the horn of a ram or a chamois (sometimes of an ox), and used by the ancient Hebrews for signals, (
(now Stanchio or Stanko). This small island of the Grecian Archipelago has several interesting points of connection with the Jews. Herod the Great conferred many favors on the island. St. Paul, on the return from his third missionary journey, passed the night here, after sailing from Miletus. Probably referred to in (
(a diviner), son of Elmodam, in the line of Joseph the husband of Mary. (
Cotton is now both grown and manufactured in various parts of Syria and Palestine; but there is no proof that, till they came in contact with Persia, the Hebrews generally knew of it as a distinct fabric from linen. [Linen]
[Bed]
(Heb. chatser), an open enclosure surrounded by buildings, applied in the Authorized Version most commonly to the enclosures of the tabernacle and the temple. (
The Heb. berith means primarily “a cutting,” with reference to the custom of cutting or dividing animals in two and passing between the parts in ratifying a covenant. (
(thorn), a man among the descendants of Judah. (
(deceitful), daughter of Zur, a chief of the Midianites. (
The crane (Grus cinerea) is a native of Europe and Asia. It stand about four feet high. Its color is ashen gray, with face and neck nearly black. It feeds on seeds, roots, insects and small quadrupeds. It retires in winter to the warmer climates. (
To create is to cause something to exist which did not exist before, as distinguished from make, to re-form something already in existence.
(The creation of all things is ascribed in the Bible to God, and is the only reasonable account of the origin of the world. The method of creation is not stated in Genesis, and as far as the account there is concerned, each part of it may be, after the first acts of creation, by evolution, or by direct act of God’s will. The word create (bara) is used but three times in the first chapter of Genesis— (1) as to the origin of matter; (2) as to the origin of life; (3) as to the origin of man’s soul; and science has always failed to do any of these acts thus ascribed to God. All other things are said to be made . The order of creation as given in Genesis is in close harmony with the order as revealed by geology, and the account there given, so long before the records of the rocks were read or the truth discoverable by man, is one of the strongest proofs that the Bible was inspired by God.—Ed.)
[Loan]
(growing), (
the modern Candia. This large island, which closes int he Greek Archipelago on the south, extends through a distance of 140 miles between its extreme points. Though exceedingly bold and mountainous, this island has very fruitful valleys, and in early times it was celebrated for its hundred cities. It seems likely that a very early acquaintances existed between the Cretans and the Jews. Cretans, (
(
(
(curled), ruler of the Jewish synagogue at Corinth, (
As the emblem of a slave’s death and a murderer’s punishment, the cross was naturally looked upon with the profoundest horror. But after the celebrated vision of Constantine, he ordered his friends to make a cross of gold and gems, such as he had seen, and “the towering eagles resigned the flags unto the cross,” and “the tree of cursing and shame” “sat upon the sceptres and was engraved and signed on the foreheads of kings.” (Jer. Taylor, “Life of Christ,” iii., xv. 1.) The new standards were called by the name Labarum, and may be seen on the coins of Constantine the Great and his nearer successors. The Latin cross on which our Lord suffered, was int he form of the letter T, and had an upright above the cross-bar, on which the “title” was placed. There was a projection from the central stem, on which the body of the sufferer rested. This was to prevent the weight of the body from tearing away the hands. Whether there was also a support to the feet (as we see in pictures) is doubtful. An inscription was generally placed above the criminal’s head, briefly expressing his guilt, and generally was carried before him. It was covered with white gypsum, and the letter were black.
This ornament, which is both ancient and universal, probably originated from the fillets used to prevent the hair from being dishevelled by the wind. Such fillets are still common; they gradually developed into turbans, which by the addition of ornamental or precious materials assumed the dignity of mitres or crowns. Both the ordinary priests and the high priest wore them. The crown was a symbol of royalty, and was worn by kings, (
(
was in used among the Egyptians, (
a small vessel for holding water, such as was carried by Saul when on his night expedition after David, (
the representative in the Authorized Version of two Hebrew words.
[Weights And Measures AND Measures]
(
(Heb. kishshuim). This word occurs in (
one of the cultivated plants of Palestine. (
The cups of the Jews, whether of metal or earthenware, were possibly borrowed, in point of shape and design, from Egypt and from the Phoenicians, who were celebrated in that branch of workmanship. Egyptian cups were of various shapes, either with handles or without them. In Solomon’s time all his drinking vessels were of gold, none of silver. (
an officer of high rank with Egyptian, Persian and Assyrian as well as Jewish monarchs. (
the name of a son of Ham, apparently the eldest, and of a territory or territories occupied by his descendants. The Cushites appear to have spread along tracts extending from the higher Nile to the Euphrates and Tigris. History affords many traces of this relation of Babylonia, Arabia and Ethiopia.
(black), a Benjamite mentioned only in the title to (
(blackness), (
Properly “the Cushite,” “the Ethiopian,” a man apparently attached to Joab’s person. (
one of the countries whence Shalmaneser introduced colonists into Samaria. (
Cuttings in the flesh, or the laceration of one’s body for the “propitiation of their gods,” (
a pecussive musical instrument. Two kinds of cymbals are mentioned in (
(Heb. tirzah). The Hebrew word is found only in (
an island of Asia in the Mediterranean. It is about 140 miles long and 50 miles wide at the widest part. Its two chief cities were Salamis, at the east end of the island, and Paphos, at the west end. “Cyprus occupies a distinguished place in both sacred and profane history. It early belonged to the Phoenicians of the neighboring coast; was afterwards colonized by Greeks’ passed successively under the power of the Pharaohs, Persians, Ptolemies and Romans, excepting a short period of independence in the fourth century B.C. It was one of the chief seats of the worship of Venus, hence called Cypria. Recently the discoveries in Cyprus by Cesnola have excited new interest.—Appleton’s Am. Encyc. It was the native place of Barnabas, (
the principal city of that part of northern Africa which was sufficiently called Cyrenaica, lying between Carthage and Egypt, and corresponding with the modern Tripoli. Though on the African coast, it was a Greek city, and the Jews were settled there in large numbers. The Greek colonization of this part of Africa under Battus began of early as B.C. 631. After the death of Alexander the Great it became a dependency of Egypt, and a Roman province B.C. 75. Simon, who bore our Saviour’s cross, (
(warrior), the Greek form of the Roman name of Quirinus. The full name is Publius Sulpicius Quirinus. He was consul B.C. 12, and was made governor of Syria after the banishment of Archelaus in A.D. 6. He probably was twice governor of Syria; his first governorship extended from B.C. 4 (the year of Christ’s birth) to B.C. 1. It was during this time that he was sent to make the enrollment which caused Joseph and Mary to visit Bethlehem. (
(the sun), the founder of the Persian empire—see (
(pasture), (
(a hill-place), a town on the boundary of Zebulun. (
[See Dabareh]
(a fish), apparently the masculine, (
(freed by Jehovah) a descendant of the royal family of Judah. (
a town on the west side of the Sea of Galilee, near Magdala. (
a mountainous district on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. St. Paul sent Titus there. (
(swift), the second of the ten sons of Hamam (
(a heifer), an Athenian woman converted to Christianity by St. Paul’s preaching. (
one of the most ancient and most important of the cities of Syria. It is situated 130 miles northeast of Jerusalem, in a plain of vast size and of extreme fertility, which lies east of the great chain of Anti-Libanus, on the edge of the desert. This fertile plain, which is nearly circular and about 30 miles in diameter, is due to the river Barada, which is probably the “Abana” of Scripture. Two other streams the Wady Helbon upon the north and the Awaj, which flows direct from Hermon upon the south, increase the fertility of the Damascene plain, and contend for the honor of representing the “Pharpar” of Scripture. According to Josephus, Damascus was founded by Uz grandson of Shem. It is first mentioned in Scripture in connection with Abraham, (
(a judge).
a musical instrument of percussion, supposed to have been used by the Hebrews at an early period of their history.
The dance is spoken of in Holy Scripture universally as symbolical of some rejoicing, and is often coupled for the sake of contrast with mourning, as in (
(judgment of God).
The Greek translations of Daniel contain several pieces which are not found int he original text. The most important are contained in the Apocrypha of the English Bible under the titles of The Son of the Three Holy Children, The History of Susannah, and The History of...Bel and the Dragon. The first of these is supposed to be the triumphal song of the three confessors in the furnace, (
stands at the head of a series of writings in which the deepest thoughts of the Jewish people found expression after their close of the prophetic era. Daniel is composed partly in the vernacular Aramaic (Chaldee) and partly in the sacred Hebrew. The introduction,
The descendants of Dan and the members of his tribe. (
(Danian, i.e. belonging to Dan). (
a city in the mountains of Judah, (
(
(from dara, a king), Authorized Version “dram,” (
(lord), the name of several kings of Media and Persia.
is spoken of as encompassing the actual presence of God, as that out of which he speaks,—the envelope, as it were, of divine glory. (
(scatterer). Children of Darkon were among the “servants of Solomon” who returned from Babylon with Zerubbabel. (
(
(belonging to a fountain) a Reubenite chieftain, son of Eliab, who joined the conspiracy of Korah the Levite. (
The word is used in Scripture not only for daughter, but for granddaughter or other female descendant. (
(well-beloved), the son of Jesse. His life may be divided into three portions:
The variable length of the natural day at different seasons led in the very earliest times to the adoption of the civil day (or one revolution of the sun) as a standard of time. The Hebrews reckoned the day from evening to evening, (
an old English term meaning umpire or arbitrator . (
The office described by this title appears in the New Testament as the correlative of bishop. [Bishop] The two are mentioned together in (
The word diakonos is found in (
This name nowhere occurs in the Bible, and appears not to have existed until the second century after Christ. [See Sea, The Salt, THE SALT]
[Famine]
king of Eglon; one of the five kings hanged by Joshua. (
(a sanctuary), the name of three places of Palestine.
(a bee). (B.C. 1857.)
[Loan]
(low country).
descendants of Dedan I. (
the festival instituted to commemorate the purging of the temple and the rebuilding of the altar after Judas Maccabbeus had driven out the Syrians, B.C. 164.
[FALLOW-DEER]
a title given to fifteen Psalms, from 120 to 134 inclusive. Four of them are attributed to David, one is ascribed to the pen of Solomon, and the other ten give no indication of their author. With respect to the term rendered in the Authorized Version “degrees” a great diversity of views prevails, but the most probable opinion is that they were pilgrim songs, sung by the people as they went up to Jerusalem.
mentioned only once in Scripture, (
(a lancer). The son of Dekar, i.e. Ben Dekar, was Solomon’s commissariat officer in the western part of the hill-country of Judah and Benjamin, Shaalbim and Bethshemesh. (
(freed by Jehovah).
(languishing) a woman who dwelt in the valley Of Sorek, beloved by Samson. (
[Noah]
(governor of the people), most probably a contraction from Demetrius or perhaps from Demarchus, a companion of St. Paul, (
(belonging to Ceres).
In the Gospels generally, in (
This word is frequently used in the New Testament, and applied to persons suffering under the possession of a demon or evil spirit, such possession generally showing itself visibly in bodily disease or mental derangement. It has been maintained by many persons that our Lord and the evangelists, in referring to demonical possession, spoke only in accommodation to the general belief of the Jews, without any assertion as to its truth or its falsity. It is concluded that, since the symptoms of the affliction were frequently those of bodily disease (as dumbness, (
(containing ten), Authorized Version “penny,” (
(
(
Not a stretch of sand, an utterly barren waste, but a wild, uninhabited region. The words rendered in the Authorized Version by “desert,” when used in the historical books denote definite localities.
(invocation of God), father of Eliasaph, the “captain” of the tribe of Gad at the time of the numbering of the people at Sinai. (
—which means “the repetition of the law”—consists chiefly of three discourses delivered by Moses shortly before his death. Subjoined to these discourses are the Song of Moses the Blessing of Moses, and the story of his death.
(slanderer). The name describes Satan as slandering God to man and man to God. The former work is of course, a part of his great work of temptation to evil and is not only exemplified but illustrated as to its general nature and tendency by the narrative of
This in the summer is so copious in Palestine that it supplies to some extent the absence of rain and becomes important to the agriculturist. Thus it is coupled in the divine blessing with rain, or mentioned as a prime source of fertility, (
What the “diadem” of the Jews was we know not. That of other nations of antiquity was a fillet of silk, two inches broad, bound round the head and tied behind. Its invention is attributed to Liber. Its color was generally white, sometimes, however, it was of blue, like that of Darius; and it was sown with pearls or other gems, (
“An instrument for showing the time of day from the shadow of a style or gnomon on a graduated arc or surface; “rendered” steps” in Authorized Version, (
(Heb. yahalom), a gem crystallized carbon, the most valued and brilliant of precious stones, remarkable for its hardness, the third precious stone in the second row on the breastplate of the high priest, (
This Latin word, properly denoting a Roman divinity, is the representative of the Greek Artemus, the tutelary goddess of the Ephesians, who plays so important a part in the narrative of
(double cake), mother of Hosea’s wife Gomer. (
(accurately DIBLAH), a place named only in (
(wasting).
[Dibon]
a Danite, father of Shelomith. (
(the twin), a surname of the apostle Thomas. (
(palm grove). (
(gourd), one of the cities in the lowlands of Judah. (
(dung), a city int he tribe of Zebulun, given to the Merarite Levites. (
(river bed), The waters of, some streams on the east of the Dead Sea, in the land of Moab, against which Isaiah uttered denunciation. (
a city in the south of Judah, (
(judged, acquitted), the daughter of Jacob by Leah. (
(
(
(devoted to Dionysus, i.e., Bacchus) the Areop’agite, (
(nourished by Jove), a Christian mentioned in (
[APOSTLES]
[Medicine]
(antelope), the youngest son of Seir the Horite. (
(antelope)
or simply THE DISPERSION, was the general title applied to those Jews who remained settled in foreign countries after the return from the Babylonian exile, and during the period of the second temple. At the beginning of the Christian era the Dispersion was divided into three great sections, the Babylonian, the Syrian, the Egyptian. From Babylon the Jews spread throughout Persia, Media and Parthia. Large settlements of Jews were established in Cyprus, in the islands of the AEgean, and on the western coast of Asia Minor. Jewish settlements were also established at Alexandria by Alexander and Ptolemy I. The Jewish settlements in Rome, were consequent upon the occupation of Jerusalem by Pompey, B.C. 63. The influence of the Dispersion on the rapid promulgation of Christianity can scarcely be overrated. The course of the apostolic preaching followed in a regular progress the line of Jewish settlements. The mixed assembly from which the first converts were gathered on the day of Pentecost represented each division of the Dispersion. (
is a “foretelling future events, or discovering things secret by the aid of superior beings, or other than human means.” It is used in Scripture of false systems of ascertaining the divine will. It has been universal in all ages, and all nations alike civilized and savage. Numerous forms of divination are mentioned, such as divination by rods, (
“a legal dissolution of the marriage relation.” The law regulating this subject is found (24:1-4) and the cases in which the right of a husband to divorce his wife was lost are stated ibid ., (22:19,29) The ground of divorce is appoint on which the Jewish doctors of the period of the New Testament differed widely; the school of Shammai seeming to limit it to a moral delinquency in the woman, whilst that the Hillel extended it to trifling causes, e.g., if the wife burnt the food she was cooking for her husband. The Pharisees wished perhaps to embroil our Saviour with these rival schools by their question, (
(region of gold), a place in the Arabian desert, mentioned (1:1) is identified with Dahab, a cape on the western shore of the Gulf of Akabah.
(loving, amorous), an Ahohite who commanded the course of the second month. (
(leaders), (
(love of the Lord), a man of Maresha in Judah; father of Eliezer, who denounced Jehoshaphat’s alliance with Ahaziah. (
(loving).
(fearful), an Idumean, chief of Saul’s herdmen. (B.C. 1062.) He was at Nob when Ahimelech gave David the sword of Goliath, and not only gave information to Saul, but when others declined the office, himself executed the king’s order to destroy the priests of Nob, with their families, to the number of 85 persons, together with all their property. (
an animal frequently mentioned in Scripture. It was used by the hebrews as a watch for their houses, (
[Gate]
(cattle-driving), a place mentioned (
(dwelling), (
(gazelle). [Tabitha]
a “priest and Levite” who carried the translation of Esther to Egypt. (
[Dothan]
(two wells), a place first mentioned (
The first menton of this bird occurs in
Various explanations have been given of the passage in (
[Marriage]
(
The translators of the Authorized Version, apparently following the Vulgate, have rendered by the same word “dragon” the two Hebrew words tan and tannin, which appear to be quite distinct in meaning.
[Daric]
The Scripture declares that the influence of the Spirit of God upon the soul extends to its sleeping as well as its waking thoughts. But, in accordance with the principle enunciated by St. Paul in (
This subject includes the following particulars:
The Hebrew term shecar, in its etymological sense, applies to any beverage that had intoxicating qualities. With regard to the application of the term in later times we have the explicit statement of Jerome, as well as other sources of information, from which we may state the that following beverages were known to the Jews:—
[Camel]
(watered by the dew), daughter of herod Agrippa *., (
(Heb. sumphoniah) a musical instrument, mentioned in (
(silence).
The uses of dung were two-fold—as manure and as fuel. The manure consisted either of straw steeped in liquid manure, (
[Prison]
(a circle), the plain where Nebuchadnezzar set up the golden image, (
[Mourning]
(Heb. nesher, i.e. a tearer with the beak). At least four distinct kinds of eagles have been observed in Palestine, viz., the golden eagle, Aquila chrysaetos, the spotted eagle, Aquila naevia, the imperial eagle, Aquila heliaca, and the very common Circaetos gallicus . The Hebrew nesher may stand for any of these different species, though perhaps more particular reference to the golden and imperial eagles and the griffon vulture may be intended. The passage in Micah, (
(
(
The material of which earrings were made was generally gold, (
The term is used in two widely-different senses: (1) for the material of which the earth’s surface is composed; (2) as the name of the planet on which man dwells. The Hebrew language discriminates between these two by the use of separate terms, adamah for the former, erets for the latter.
[Pottery]
Earthquakes, more or less violent, are of frequent occurrence in Palestine. The most remarkable occurred in the reign of Uzziah. (
The Hebrew term kedem properly means that which is before or in front of a person, and was applied to the east form the custom of turning in that direction when describing the points of the compass, before, behind, the right and the left representing respectively east, west, south and north. (
(
(stone, bare mountain).
a mount in the promised land, on which the Israelites were to “put” the curse which should fall upon them if they disobeyed the commandments of Jehovah. The blessing consequent on obedience was to be similarly localized on Mount Gerizim. (11:26-29) Ebal and Gerizim are the mounts which form the sides of the fertile valley in which lies Nablus, the ancient Shechem-Ebal on the north and Gerizim on the south. (They are nearly in the centre of the country of Samaria, about eight hundred feet above Nablus in the valley; and they are so near that all the vast body of the people could hear the words read from either mountain. The experiment has repeatedly been tried in late years.—Ed.) The modern name of Ebal is Sitti Salamiyah, from a Mohammedan female saint, whose tomb is standing on the eastern part of the ridge, a little before the highest point is reached.
(a servant). (Many MSS. have Eber.)
(a king’s servant), an Ethiopian eunuch in the service of King Zedekiah, through whose interference Jeremiah was released from prison. (
(stone of help), a stone set up by Samuel after a signal defeat of the Philistines, as a memorial of the “help” received on the occasion from Jehovah. (
(the region beyond).
(
(
(passage), one of the halting-places of the Israelites in the desert, immediately preceding Ezion-geber. (
(the preacher). The title of this book is in Hebrew Koheleth, signifying one who speaks publicly in an assembly. Koheleth is the name by which Solomon, probably the author, speaks of himself throughout the book. The book is that which it professes to be,—the confession of a man of wide experience looking back upon his past life and looking out upon the disorders and calamities which surround him. The writer is a man who has sinned in giving way to selfishness and sensuality, who has paid the penalty of that sin in satiety and weariness of life, but who has through all this been under the discipline of a divine education, and has learned from it the lesson which God meant to teach him.
one of the books of the Apocrypha. This title is given in the Latin version to the book which is called in the Septuagint THE WISDOM OF JESUS THE SON OF SIRACH. The word designates the character of the writing, as publicly used in the services of the Church.
No historical notice of an eclipse occurs in the Bible, but there are passages in the prophets which contain manifest allusion to this phenomenon. (
(witness), a word inserted in the Authorized Version of (
(accur. Eder, a flock), a place named only in (
(pleasure).
(a flock).
(red). The name Edom was given to Esau, the first-born son of Isaac and twin brother of Jacob, when he sold his birthright to the latter for a meal of lentil pottage. The country which the Lord subsequently gave to Esau was hence called “the country of Edom,” (
(stronghold).
There is little trace among the Hebrews in earlier times of education in any other subjects than the law. The wisdom therefore and instruction, of which so much is said in the book of Proverbs, are to be understood chiefly of moral and religious discipline, imparted, according to the direction of the law, by the teaching and under the example of parents. (But Solomon himself wrote treatises on several scientific subjects, which must have been studied in those days.) In later times the prophecies and comments on them, as well as on the earlier Scriptures, together with other subjects, were studied. Parents were required to teach their children some trade. (Girls also went to schools, and women generally among the Jews were treated with greater equality to men than in any other ancient nation.) Previous to the captivity, the chief depositaries of learning were the schools or colleges, from which in most cases proceeded that succession of public teachers who at various times endeavored to reform the moral and religious conduct of both rulers and people. Besides the prophetical schools instruction was given by the priests in the temple and elsewhere. [See Schools]
(a heifer), one of David’s wives during his reign in Hebron. (
(two ponds), a place named only in (
(calf-like).
(land of the Copts), a country occupying the northeast angle of Africa. Its limits appear always to have been very nearly the same. It is bounded on the north by the Mediterranean Sea, on the east by Palestine, Arabia and the Red Sea, on the south by Nubia, and on the west by the Great Desert. It is divided into upper Egypt—the valley of the Nile—and lower Egypt, the plain of the Delta, from the Greek letter; it is formed by the branching mouths of the Nile, and the Mediterranean Sea. The portions made fertile by the Nile comprise about 9582 square geographical miles, of which only about 5600 is under cultivation.—Encyc. Brit. The Delta extends about 200 miles along the Mediterranean, and Egypt is 520 miles long from north to south from the sea to the First Cataract. Names.—The common name of Egypt in the Bible is “Mizraim.” It is in the dual number, which indicates the two natural divisions of the country into an upper and a lower region. The Arabic name of Egypt—Mizr— signifies “red mud.” Egypt is also called in the Bible “the land of Ham,” (
the native or natives of Egypt.
(my brother), head of one of the Benjamite houses according to the list in (
(union).
(a rooting up), a descendant of Judah. (
(torn up by the roots; emigration), one of the five towns belonging to the lords of the Philistines, and the most northerly of the five. (
(whom God has put on), a descendant of Ephraim through Shuthelah. (
(an oak, strength).
(valley of the terebinth), the valley in which David killed Goliath. (
(eternity).
This word is found only in (
(whom God made).
(a grove), the name of a town of the land of Edom, commonly mentioned with Ezion-geber, and situated at the head of the Arabian Gulf, which was thence called the Elanitic Gulf. It first occurs in the account of the wanderings, (2:8) and in later times must have come under the rule of David. (
(the God of Bethel), the name which Jacob is said to have bestowed on the place at which God appeared to him when he was flying from Esau. (
(
(favored of God) and Me’dad (love), two of the seventy elders to whom was communicated the prophetic power of Moses. (
The term elder, or old man as the Hebrew literally imports, was one of extensive use, as an official title, among the Hebrews and the surrounding nations, because the heads of tribes and the leading people who had acquired influence were naturally the older people of the nation. It had reference to various offices. (
(praised by God), a descendant of Ephraim. (
(the ascending of God), a place on the east of Jordan, taken possession of and rebuilt by the tribe of Reuben. (
(whom God made).
(help of God).
(God, the God of Israel), the name bestowed by Jacob on the altar which he erected facing the city of Shechem. (
(the ox), one of the towns allotted to Benjamin, and named next to Jerusalem. (
(the grace of God).
(ascension), a descendant of Aaron through Ithamar, the youngest of his two surviving sons. (
The Hebrew form, as Eloi, Eloi, etc., is the Syro-Chaldaic (the common language in use by the Jews in the time of Christ) of the first words of the twenty-second Psalm; they mean “My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?”
(God is my father).
(known by God).
father of Rezon, the captain of a marauding band that annoyed Solomon. (
(my God is Jehovah).
(whom God hides), on of the thirty of David’s guard. (
(raised up by God.).
(God’s people.).
the Greek form of Elijah.
(whom God restores).
(to whom God comes), a musician in the temple in the time of King David. (
(whom God loves), the man chosen to represent the tribe of Benjamin in the division of the land of Canaan. (
(to whom God is strength).
(my eyes are toward God) a descendant of Benjamin, and a chief man in the tribe. (
(God is his help).
(my eyes are toward Jehovah), son of Zerahiah, who with 200 men returned from the captivity with Ezra. (
(God is his reward), one of Solomon’s scribes. (
(whose God is he (Jehovah)).
(my God is Jehovah) has been well entitled “the grandest and the most romantic character that Israel ever produced.” “Elijah the Tishbite,... of the inhabitants of Gilead” is literally all that is given us to know of his parentage and locality. Of his appearance as he “stood before” Ahab (B.C. 910) with the suddenness of motion to this day characteristic of the Bedouins from his native hills, we can perhaps realize something from the touches, few but strong, of the narrative. His chief characteristic was his hair, long and thick, and hanging down his back. His ordinary clothing consisted of a girdle of skin round his loins, which he tightened when about to move quickly. (
(rejected of God), a Harodite, one of David’s guard. (
(strong trees), (
(my God is king), a man of the tribe of Judah and of the family of the Hezronites, who dwelt in Bethlehem-Ephratah in the days of the Judges. (B.C. 1312.) In consequence of a great death in the land he went with his wife, Naomi, and his two sons, Mahlon and Chilion, to dwell in Moab, where he and his sons died without posterity. (
(my eyes are toward the Lord).
(whom God judges), son of Ur, one of David’s guard. (
(the god of deliverance), the last of the thirteen sons born to David after his establishment in Jerusalem. (
(God is his strength).
(whom God makes distinguished), a Merarite Levite, one of the gate-keepers appointed by David to play on the harp “on the Sheminith” on the occasion of bringing up the ark to the city of David. (
(the God of deliverance).
(the oath of God), the wife of Zacharias and mother of John the Baptist. She was herself of the priestly family, and a relation, (
the Greek form of the name Elisha.
(God his salvation), son of Shaphat of Abel-meholah; the attendant and disciple of Elijan, and subsequently his successor as prophet of the kingdom of Israel. The earliest mention of his name is in the command to Elijah in the cave at Horeb. (
(God is salvation), the eldest son of Javan. (
(whom God hears).
(whom God judges), son of Zichri; one of the captains of hundreds in the time of Jehoiada. (
(God is her oath), the wife of Aaron. (
(God is my salvation), one of David’s sons, born after his settlement in Jerusalem. (
(God his praise), son of Achim in the genealogy of Christ. (
(whom God protects).
prince of the tribe and over the host of Reuben. (
(God-provided).
(God my bow), the birthplace of the prophet Nahum, hence called “the Elkoshite.” (
(oak), the city of Arioch, (
(
In the Revised Version, (
(measure), son of Er, in the genealogy of Joseph. (
(God his delight), the father of Jeribai and Joshaviah, two of David’s guard, according to (
(God hath given).
(an oak).
(oak of the house of grace) is named with two Danite towns as forming one of Solomon’s commissariat districts. (
(
(
(God his wages), a Benjamite, son of Hushim and brother of Abitub. (
(God his deliverance), one of David’s sons born in Jerusalem. (
(God his deliverance), literally “the terebinth of Paran.” (
(God its fear), one of the cities in the border of Dan, (
(God its foundation), one of the towns of the tribe of Judah in the mountains. (
(God’s kindred), one of the cities in the south of Judah, (
(vine; gleaning). (
(God is my praise), one of the warriors of Benjamin who joined David at Ziklag. (
(a wise man), the Arabic name of the Jewish magus or sorcerer Bar-jesus. (
(whom God hath given).
(whom God protects), second son of Uzziel, who was the son of Kohath son of Levi. (
the process by which dead bodies are preserved from putrefaction and decay. It was most general among the Egyptians, and it is in connection with this people that the two instances which we meet with in the Old Testament are mentioned. (
Various explanations have been offered as to the distinction between “needle-work” and “cunning work.” Probably neither term expresses just what is to-day understood by embroidery, though the latter may come nearest to it. The art of embroidery by the loom was extensively practiced among the nations of antiquity. In addition to the Egyptians, the Babylonians were celebrated for it.
a precious stone of a rich green color, upon which its value chiefly depends. This gem was the first in the second row on the breastplate of the high priest. (
(28:27;
(terrors), a tribe or family of gigantic stature which originally inhabited the region along the eastern side of the Dead Sea. They were related to the Anakim.
(
(warm baths), the village to which the two disciples were going when our Lord appeared to them on the way, on the day of his resurrection. (
(an ass), the father of Sychem. (
at the beginning of many Hebrew words, signifies a spring or fountain.
(double spring), one of the cities of Judah int he Shefelah or lowland. (
(having eyes.). Ahira ben-Enan was “prince” of the tribe of Naphtali at the time of the numbering of Israel in the wilderness of Sinai. (
primarily denoted the resting-place of an army or company of travellers at night, (
The words so translated have several signification: the practice of secret arts, (
(fountain of Dor), a place in the territory of Issachar, and yet possessed by Manasseh. (
(fountain of the two calves), a place named only by Ezekiel, (
(fountain of the garden).
(fount of the kid), a town in the wilderness of Judah, (
a term applied exclusively to military affairs in the Bible. The engines to which the term is applied in (
His chief business was cutting names or devices on rings and seals; the only notices of engraving are in connection with the high priest’s dress—the two onyx stones, the twelve jewels and the mitre-plate having inscriptions on them. (
(swift fountain), one of the cities on the border of Issachar named next to Engannim. (
(fount of the caller), the spring which burst out in answer to the cry of Samson after his exploit with the jawbone. (
(fount of Hazor), one of the fenced cities in the inheritance of Naphtali, distinct from Hazor. (
(fount of judgment). (
(dedicated).
The first trance of the existence of this work is found in the Epistle of (
(springs), a place “near to Salim,” at which John baptized. (
(mortal man), the son of Seth, (
Same as Enos. (
(fount of the pomegranate), one of the places which the men of Judah reinhabited after their return from the captivity. (
(fount of the fuller), a spring which formed one of the landmarks on the boundary line between Judah, (
(fountain of the sun), a spring which formed one of the landmarks on the north boundary of Judah, (
(nes ; in the Authorized Version generally “ensign,” sometimes “standard;” degel, “standard,” with the exception of (Song of Solomon 2:4) “banner;” oth, “ensign”). This distinction between these three Hebrew terms is sufficiently marked by their respective uses. Nes is a signal, and not a military standard. It is an occasional signal, which was exhibited on the top of a pole from a bare mountain-top, (
(
(gloomy), the first, in order, of the sons of Midian, (
(lovely), a fellow laborer with the apostle Paul, mentioned (
(lovely), the full name of which Epaphras is a contraction. (
(praiseworthy), a Christian at Rome, greeted by St. Paul in (
(praiseworthy), a Christian at Rome, greeted by St. Paul in (
[Weights And Measures AND Measures]
(gloomy), a Netophathite, whose sons were among the “captains of the forces” left in Judah after the deportation to Babylon. (
(a calf), the second, in order, of the sons of Midian. (
(cessation of blood-shed), a place between Socoh and Arekah, at which the Philistines were encamped before the affray in which Goliath was killed. (
was written by the apostle St. Paul during his first captivity at Rome, (
(permitted), the capital of the Roman province of Asia, and an illustrious city in the district of Ionia, nearly opposite the island of Samos. Buildings.—Conspicuous at the head of the harbor of Ephesus was the great temple of Diana or Artemis, the tutelary divinity of the city. This building was raised on immense substructions, in consequence of the swampy nature of the ground. The earlier temple, which had been begun before the Persian war, was burnt down in the night when Alexander the Great was born; and another structure, raise by the enthusiastic co-operation of all the inhabitants of “Asia,” had taken its place. The magnificence of this sanctuary was a proverb throughout the civilized world. In consequence of this devotion the city of Ephesus was called neo’koros, (
(judgment), a descendant of Judah, of the family of Hezron and of Jerahmeel. (
(a sacred vestment originally appropriate to the high priest. (
(image), father of Hanniel of the tribe of Manesseh. (
a city “in the district near the wilderness” to which our Lord retired with his disciples when threatened with violence by the priests. (
In “Baal-hazor which is by Ephraim” was Absalom’s sheepfarm, at which took place the murder of Amnon, one of the earliest precursors of the great revolt. (
that portion of Canaan named after Joseph’s second son. (
(double fruitfulness), the second son of Joseph by his wife Asenath. (B.C. 1715-1708.) The first indication we have of that ascendancy over his elder brother Manasseh which at a later period the tribe of Ephraim so unmistakably possessed is in the blessing of the children by Jacob. (
one of the gates of the city of Jerusalem, (
is a district which seems to extend as far south as Ramah and Bethel, (
a wood, or rather a forest, on the east of Jordan, in which the fatal battle was fought between the armies of David and of Absalom. (
Of the tribe of Ephraim; elsewhere called “Ephrathite.” (
(hamlet), a city of Israel which Judah captured from Jeroboam. (
(fruitful).
(fawn-like), the son of Zochar, a Hittite, from whom Abraham bought the field and cave of Machpelah. (
The “cities of Mount Ephron” formed one of the landmarks on the northern boundary of the tribe of Judah. (
derived their name from Epicurus (342-271 B.C.), a philosopher of Attic descent, whose “Garden” at Athens rivalled in popularity the “Porch” and the “Academy.” The doctrines of Epicurus found wide acceptance in Asia Minor and Alexandria. (95-50 B.C.) The object of Epicurus was to find in philosophy a practical guide to happiness. True pleasure and not absolute truth was the end at which he aimed; experience and not reason the test on which he relied. It is obvious that a system thus formed would degenerate by a natural descent into mere materialism; and in this form Epicurism was the popular philosophy at the beginning of the Christian era. When St. Paul addressed “Epicureans and Soics,” (
(watchful).
(watchful), the eldest son of Ephraim. (
(
(beloved).
(length), one of the cities of Nimrod’s kingdom in the land of Shinar, (
(watchful), son of Gad, (
the Greek form of Isaiah. [Isaiah]
(victor), one of the greatest of the kings of Assyria, was the son of Sennacherib, (
(hairy), the eldest son of Isaac, and twin-brother of Jacob. The singular appearance of the child at his birth originated the name. (
This name is merely the Greek form of the Hebrew word Jezreel. “The great plain of Esdraelon” extends across central Palestine from the Mediterranean to the Jordan, separating the mountain ranges of Carmel and Samaria from those of Galilee. The western section of it is properly the plain of Accho or ’Akka . The main body of the plain is a triangle. Its base on the east extends from Jenin (the ancient Engannim) to the foot of the hills below Nazareth, and is about 15 miles long; the north side, formed by the hills of Galilee, is about 12 miles long; and the south side, formed by the Samaria range, is about 18 miles. The apex on the west is a narrow pass opening into the plain of ’Akka . From the base of this triangular plain three branches stretch out eastward, like fingers from a hand, divided by two bleak, gray ridges—one bearing the familiar name of Mount Gilboa, the other called by Franks Little Hermon, but by natives Jebel ed-Duhy . The central branch is the richest as well as the most celebrated. This is the “valley of Jezreel” proper—the battle-field on which Gideon triumphed, and Saul and Jonathan were overthrown. (
(Greek form of Ezra), The First Book of, the first in order of the apocryphal books in the English Bible. The first chapter is a transcript of the last two chapters of 2 Chron., for the most part verbatim, and only in one or two parts slightly abridged and paraphrased. Chapters 3,4, and 5 to the end of ver. 6, are the original portions of the book, and the rest is a transcript more or less exact of the book of Ezra, with the chapters transposed and quite otherwise arranged, and a portion of Nehemiah. Hence a twofold design in the compiler is discernible—one to introduce and give scriptural sanction to the legend about Zerubbabel; the other to explain the great obscurities of the book of Ezra, in which, however, he has signally failed. Its author is unknown, and it was probably written in Egypt. It has no historical value.
the form of the name of Ezra the scribe in 1 and 2 Esdras.
This exists in a Latin translation, the Greek being lost. Chapters 3-14 consist of a series of angelic revelations and visions in which Ezra is instructed in some of the great mysteries of the moral world, and assured of the final triumph of the righteous. The date of the book is uncertain. Like the first book, it was probably written in Egypt.
(contention), a well which the herdsmen of Isaac dug in the valley of Gerar. (
(Baal’s man), (
(wise man), a Horite; one of the four sons of Dishon. (
(cluster of grapes), brother of Mamre the Amorite and of Aner, and one of Abraham’s companions in his pursuit of the four kings who had carried off Lot. (
or The brook of, a wady in the neighborhood of Hebron (Mamre), explored by the spies who were sent by Moses from Kadesh-barnea. (
(slope), one of the cities of Judah. (
(oppression), one of the late descendants of Saul. (
(
(a pass), a town in the low country—the Shefelah—of Judah, after wards allotted to Dan. (
with the Zareathites, were among the families of Kirjath-jearim. (
and in shorter form Eshtemoh (obedience), a town of Judah in the mountains, (
(effeminate), a name which occurs in the genealogies of Judah. (
son of Nagge or Naggai, in the genealogy of Christ. (
(enclosed). (
a Jewish sect, who, according to the description of Josephus, combined the ascetic virtues of the Pythagoreans and Stoics with a spiritual knowledge of the divine law. It seems probable that the name signifies seer, or the silent, the mysterious. As a sect the Essenes were distinguished by an aspiration after ideal purity rather than by any special code of doctrines. There were isolated communities of Essenes, which were regulated by strict rules, analogous to those of the monastic institutions of a later date. All things were held in common, without distinction of property; and special provision was made for the relief of the poor. Self-denial, temperance and labor—especially agriculture— were the marks of the outward life of the Essenes; purity and divine communion the objects of their aspiration. Slavery, war and commmerce were alike forbidden. Their best-known settlements were on the northwest shore of the Dead Sea.
(a star), the Persian name of Hadassah (myrtle), daughter of Abihail, the son of Shimei, the son of Kish, a Benjamite. Esther was a beautiful Jewish maiden. She was an orphan, and had been brought up by her cousin Mordecai, who had an office in the household of Ahasuerus king of Persia—supposed to be the Xerxes of history— and dwelt at “Shushan the palace.” When Vashti was dismissed from being queen, the king chose Esther to the place on account of her beauty, not knowing her race or parentage; and on the representation of Haman the Agagite that the Jews scattered through his empire were pernicious race, he gave him full power and authority to kill them all. The means taken by Esther to avert this great calamity from her people and her kindred are fully related in the book of Esther. The Jews still commemorate this deliverance in the yearly festival Purim, on the 14th and 15th of Adar (February, March). History is wholly silent about both Vashti and Esther.
one of the latest of the canonical books of Scripture, having been written late in the reign of Xerxes, or early in that of his son Artaxerxes Longimanus (B.C. 444, 434). The author is not known. The book of Esther is placed among the hagiographa by the Jews, and in that first portion of them which they call “the five rolls.” It is written on a single roll, sin a dramatic style, and is read through by the Jews in their synagogues at the feast of Purim, when it is said that the names of Haman’s sons are read rapidly all in one breath, to signify that they were all hanged at the same time; while at every mention of Haman the audience stamp and shout and hiss, and the children spring rattles. It has often been remarked as a peculiarity of this book that the name of God does not once occur in it. Schaff gives as the reason for this that it was to permit the reading of the book at the hilarious and noisy festival of Purim, without irreverence. The style of writing is remarkably chaste and simple. It does not in the least savor of romance. The Hebrew is very like that of Ezra and parts of the Chronicles; generally pure, but mixed with some words of Persian origin and some of the Chaldaic affinity. In short it is just what one would expect to find in a work of the age to which the book of Esther professes to belong.
(lair of wild beasts).
a cliff or lofty rock, into a cleft or chasm of which Samson retired after his slaughter of the Philistines. (
(bounded by the sea), one of the early resting-places of the Israelites when they quitted Egypt; described as “in the edge of the wilderness.” (
(enduring).
[Month]
(with Baal), king of Sidon and father of Jezebel. (
(abundance), one of the cities of Judah in the low country, the Shefelah, (
(burnt faces). The country which the Greeks and Romans described as “AEthiopia” and the Hebrews as “Cush” lay to the south of Egypt, and embraced, in its most extended sense, the modern Nubia, Sennaar, Kordofan and northern Abyssinia, and in its more definite sense the kingdom of Meroe. (
properly “Cushite,” (
a Jewish proselyte, (
The wife of Moses is to described in (
(hire), one of the sons of Helah the wife of Ashur. (
(munificent), a Gershonite Levite. (
(prudent), a Christian at Rome mentioned by St. Paul. (
(good victory), mother of Timotheus. (
“The English form of the Greek word which means bed-keeper . In the strict and proper sense they were the persons who had charge of the bed-chambers in palaces and larger houses. But as the jealous and dissolute temperament of the East required this charge to be in the hands of persons who had been deprived of their virility, the word eunuch came naturally to denote persons in that condition. But as some of these rose to be confidential advisers of their royal master or mistresses, the word was occasionally employed to denote persons in such a position, without indicating anything of their proper manhood.” -Abbott.
[See Euodias]
(fragrant), a Christian woman at Philippi. (
is probably a word of Aryan origin, signifying “the good and abounding river. ” It is most frequently denoted in the Bible by the term “the river.” The Euphrates is the largest, the longest and by far the most important of the rivers of western Asia. It rises from two chief sources in the Armenian mountains, and flows into the Persian Gulf. The entire course is 1780 miles, and of this distance more than two-thirds (1200 miles) is navigable for boats. The width of the river is greatest at the distance of 700 or 800 miles from its mouth—that is to say, from it junction with the Khabour to the village of Werai . It there averages 400 yards. The annual inundation of the Euphrates is caused by the melting of the snows in the Armenian highlands. It occurs in the month of May. The great hydraulic works ascribed to Nebuchadnezzar had for their chief object to control the inundation. The Euphrates is first mentioned in Scripture as one of the four rivers of Eden. (
the word used in the Revised Version instead of euroclydon in (
(a violent agitation), a tempestuous wind or hurricane, cyclone, on the Mediterranean, and very dangerous; now called a “levanter.” This wind seized the ship in which St. Paul was ultimately wrecked on the coast of Malta. It came down from the island and therefore must have blown more or less from the northward. (
(fortunate), a youth at Troas, (
(publisher of glad tidings). In the New Testament the “evangelists” appear on the one hand after the “apostles” and “prophets;” on the other before the “pastors” and “teachers.” They probably stood between the two. (
(life), the name given in Scripture to the first woman. The account of Eve’s creation is found at (
(desire), one of the five kings or princes of Midian slain by the Israelites. (
(the fool of Merodach), (
(expulsion from communion).
The post of executioner was one of high dignity. Potiphar was “captain of the executioners.” (
(that is, going out [of Egypt]), the second book of the law or Pentateuch. Its author was Moses. It was written probably during the forty-years wanderings int he wilderness, between B.C. 1491 and 1451. It may be divided into two principal parts:
of the Israelites from Egypt. the common chronology places the date of this event at B.C. 1491, deriving it in this way:—In (
one who pretends to expel evil spirits by conjuration, prayers and ceremonies. Exorcism was frequently practiced among the Jews. (
(The practice of painting the eyelids to make the eyes look large, lustrous and languishing is often alluded to in the Old Testament, and still extensively prevails among the women of the East, and especially among the Mohammedans. Jezebel, in (
(shining), father of Naarai, who was one of David’s thirty mighty men. (
(working).
(
(the strength of God), one of the four greater prophets, was the son of a priest named Buzi, and was taken captive in the captivity of Jehoiachin, eleven years before the destruction of Jerusalem. He was a member of a community of Jewish exiles who settled on the banks of the Chebar, a “river’ or stream of Babylonia. He began prophesying B.C. 595, and continued until B.C. 573, a period of more than twenty-two years. We learn from an incidental allusion, (
(departure), The stone, a well-known stone in the neighborhood of Saul’s residence, the scene of the parting of David and Jonathan. (
(bone), one of the towns of Simeon. (
(treasure).
(giant’s backbone), (
According to the statement of (
(help), called Esdras in the Apocrypha, the famous scribe and priest. He was a learned and pious priest residing at Babylon in the time of Artaxerxes Longimanus. The origin of his influence with the king does not appear, but in the seventh year of his reign he obtained leave to go to Jerusalem, and to take with him a company of Israelites. (B.C. 457.) The journey from Babylon to Jerusalem took just four months; and the company brought with them a large freewill offering of gold and silver, and silver vessels. It appears that Ezra’s great design was to effect a religious reformation among the Palestine Jews. His first step was to enforce separation upon all who had married foreign wives. (
is a continuation of the books of Chronicles. The period covered by the book is eighty years, from the first of Cyrus, B.C. 536, to the beginning of the eighth of Artaxerxes, B.C. 456. It consist of the contemporary historical journals kept from time to time, containing, chs. 1-12, and account of the return of the captives under Zerubbabel, and the rebuilding of the temple in the reign of Cyrus and Cambyses. Most of the book is written in Hebrew, but from chs. 4:8 to 6:19 it is written in Chaldee. The last four chapters, beginning with ch. 7, continue the history after a gap of fifty-eight years—from the sixth of Darius to the seventh of Artaxerxes— narrating his visit to Jerusalem, and giving an account of the reforms there accomplished, referred to under Ezra. Much of the book was written by Ezra himself, though the first chapter was probably written by Daniel; and other hands are evident.
(son of Zerah), a title attached to two persons—Ethan, (
(help of Jehovah), son of Chelub, superintendent of King David’s farm-laborers. (
A fable is a narrative in which being irrational, and sometimes inanimate, are, for the purpose of moral instruction, feigned to act and speak with human interests and passions.—Encyc. Brit. The fable differs from the parable in that—
a harbor in the island of Crete, (
a word which occurs only in (
(called fallow from its reddish-brown color) (Heb. yachmur). The Hebrew word, which is mentioned only in (14:5) and
In the whole of Syria and Arabia, the fruits of the earth must ever be dependent on rain; the watersheds having few large springs, and the small rivers not being sufficient for the irrigation of even the level lands. If therefore the heavy rains of November and December fail, the sustenance of the people is cut off in the parching drought of harvest-time, when the country is almost devoid of moisture. Egypt, again, owes all its fertility to its mighty river, whose annual rise inundates nearly the whole land. The causes of dearth and famine in Egypt are defective inundation, preceded, accompanied and followed by prevalent easterly and southerly winds. Famine is likewise a natural result in the East when caterpillars, locusts or other insects destroy the products of the earth. The first famine recorded in the Bible is that of Abraham after he had pitched his tent on the east of Bethel, (
a winnowing-shovel, with which grain was thrown up against the wind to be cleansed from the chaff and straw. (
Two names of coins in the New Testament are rendered in the Authorized Version by this word:
i.e. VAT, the word employed in the Authorized Version to translate the Hebrew term yekeb, in (
The Hebrews distinguished between the suet or pure fat of an animal and the fat which was intermixed with the lean. (
The position and authority of the father as the head of the family are expressly assumed and sanctioned in Scripture, as a likeness of that of the Almighty over his creatures. It lies of course at the root of that so-called patriarchal government, (
[Weights And Measures AND Measures]
(happy), a Roman procurator of Judea appointed by the emperor Claudius in A.D. 53. He ruled the province in a mean, cruel and profligate manner. His period of office was full of troubles and seditions. St. Paul was brought before Felix in Caesarea. He was remanded to prison, and kept there two years in hopes of extorting money from him. (
i.e. cities fortified or defended. The fortifications of the cities of Palestine, thus regularly “fenced,” consisted of one or more walls (sometimes of thick stones, sometimes of combustible material), crowned with battlemented parapets, having towers at regular intervals, (
one of the unclean creeping things mentioned in (
I. The religious times ordained int he law fall under three heads:
(Festus means festival), successor of Felix as procurator of Judea, (
Fetters were for the feet only, while chains were for any part of the body. They were usually made of brass, and also in pairs, the word being in the dual number. Iron was occasionally employed for the purpose. (
The Hebrew sadeh is applied to any cultivated ground, and in some instances in marked opposition to the neighboring wilderness. On the other hand the sadeh is frequently contrasted with what is enclosed, whether a vineyard, a garden or a walled town. In many passages the term implies what is remote from a house, (
The fig tree (Ficus carica) is very common in Palestine. (8:8) Mount Olivet was famous for its fig trees in ancient times, and they are still found there. To “sit under one’s own vine and one’s own fig tree” became a proverbial expression among the Jews to denote peace and prosperity. (
(
is represented as the symbol of Jehovah’s presence and the instrument of his power, in the way either of approval or of destruction. (
one of the vessels of the temple service. (
[Weights And Measures AND Measures]
In Scripture the word denotes an expanse, a wide extent; for such is the signification of the Hebrew word. The original, therefore, does not convey the sense of solidity, but of stretching, extension; the great arch of expanse over our heads, in which are placed the atmosphere and the clouds, and in which the stars appear to be placed, and are really seen.—Webster.
Under the law, in memory of the exodus (when the first-born of the Egyptians were slain), the eldest son was regarded as devoted to God, and was in very case to be redeemed by an offering not exceeding five shekels, within one month from birth. If he died before the expiration of thirty days, the Jewish doctors held the father excused, but liable to the payment if he outlived that time. (
The Hebrews recognized fish as one of the great divisions of the animal kingdom, and as such gave them a place in the account of the creation, (
(i.e. VETCHES), without doubt the Nigella sativa, an herbaceous annual plant belonging to the natural order Ranunculaceoe (the buttercup family), which grows in the south of Europe and in the north of Africa. Its black seeds are used like pepper, and have almost as pungent a taste. The Syrians sprinkle these seeds over their flat cakes before they are baked. [SEE Rye]
There are two Hebrew words rendered “flag” in our Bible:
a word employed in the Authorized Version to render two distinct Hebrew terms:
a well-known plant with yellowish stem and bright-blue flowers. Its fibres are employed in the manufacture of linen. The root contains an oil, and after the oil is expressed is sued as a food for cattle. Egypt was celebrated for the culture of flax and the manufacture of linen. The spinning was anciently done by women of noble birth. It seems probable that the cultivation of flax for the purpose of the manufacture of linen was by no means confined to Egypt, but that, originating in India, it spread over Asia at a very early period of antiquity. That it was grown in Palestine even before the conquest of that country by the Israelites appears from (
an insect but twice mentioned in Scripture, viz., in (
[Flood]
a well-known stone, a variety of quartz. It is extremely hard, and strikes fire. It was very abundant in and about Palestine.
[Noah]
[Gabbatha]
[Bread]
(
(
The two following Hebrew terms denote flies of some kind:
The diet of eastern nations has been in all ages light and simple. Vegetable food was more used than animal. The Hebrews used a great variety of articles, (
a word employed in the English Bible in two senses:
The practice of veiling the face (forehead) in public for women of the high classes, especially married women, in the East, sufficiently stigmatizes with reproach the unveiled face of women of bad character. (
Although Palestine has never been in historical times a woodland country, yet there can be no doubt that there was much more wood formerly than there is a t present, and that the destruction of the forests was one of the chief causes of the present desolation.
[Fenced Cities CITIES]
(fortunate) (
(a spring in distinction from a well). The springs of Palestine, though short-lived, are remarkable for their abundance and beauty, especially those which fall into the Jordan and into its lakes, of which there are hundreds throughout its whole course. The spring or fountain of living water, the “eye” of the landscape, is distinguished in all Oriental languages from the artificially-sunk and enclosed well. Jerusalem appears to have possessed either more than one perennial spring or one issuing by more than one outlet. In Oriental cities generally public fountains are frequent. Traces of such fountains at Jerusalem may perhaps be found in the names of Enrogel, (
Several distinct Hebrew and Greek words are thus rendered in the English Bible. Of these the most common is ’oph, which is usually a collective term for all kinds of birds. In (
(Heb. shu’al). Probably the jackal is the animal signified in almost all the passages in the Old Testament where the Hebrew term occurs. Though both foxes and jackals abound in Palestine, the shu’alim (foxes) of (
a vegetable resin, brittle, glittering, and of a bitter taste, used for the purpose of sacrificial fumigation. (
a well-known amphibious animal of the genus Rana . The mention of this reptile in the Old Testament is confined to the passage in (
(
The trade of the fullers, so far as it is mentioned in Scripture, appears to have consisted chiefly in cleansing garments and whitening them. The process of fulling or cleansing clothes consisted in treading or stamping on the garments with the feet or with bats in tubs of water, in which some alkaline substance answering the purpose of soap had been dissolved. The substances used for this purpose which are mentioned in Scripture are natron, (
a spot near Jerusalem, (
[Weights And Measures AND Measures]
Various kinds of furnaces are noticed in the Bible, such as a smelting or calcining furnace, (
(contempt), son of Ebed, aided the Shechemites in their rebellion against Abimelech. (
(earthquake), a hill of Ephraim, where Joshua was buried. The brooks or valley of Gaash, (
The same name as Geba, which see.
(
(tax gatherer), apparently the head of an important family of Benjamin resident at Jerusalem. (
(elevated; a platform) the Hebrew or Chaldee appellation of a place, also called “Pavement,” where the judgment-seat or bema was planted, from his place on which Pilate delivered our Lord to death. (
(man of God), an angel sent by God to announce to Zacharias the birth of John the Baptist, and to Mary the birth of Christ. He was also sent to Daniel to explain his visions. (
(a troop).
The country allotted to the tribe of Gad appears, speaking roughly, to have lain chiefly about the centre of the land east of Jordan. The sought of that district—from the Arnon (Wady Mojeb), about halfway down the Dead Sea, to Heshbon, nearly due east of Jerusalem—was occupied by Reuben, and at or about Heshbon the possessions of Gad commenced. They embraced half Gilead, (3:12) or half the land of the children of Ammon, (
a strong city situated near the river Hieromax, six miles southeast of the Sea of Galilee, over against Scythopolis and Tiberias, and 16 Roman miles distant from each of those places. Josephus calls it the capital of Peraea. The ruins of this city, now called Um Keis, are about two miles in circumference. The most interesting remains of Gadara are its tombs, which dot the cliffs for a considerable distance around the city. Godet says there is still a population of 200 souls in these tombs. Gadara was captured by Vespasian on the first outbreak of the war with the Jews, all its inhabitants were massacred, and the town itself, with the surrounding villages, was reduced to ashes.
(These three names are used indiscriminately to designate the place where Jesus healed two demoniacs. The first two are in the Authorized Version. (
(fortunate), son of Susi; the Manassite spy sent by Moses to explore Canaan. (
(fortune of God) a Zebulunite, one of the twelve spies. (
A Gadite, father of Menahem a king of Israel. (
the descendants of Gad, and members of his tribe.
(sunburnt), son of Nahor Abraham’s brother, by his concubine Reumah. (
(hiding-place) The Bene-Gahar were among the families of Nethinim who returned from the captivity with Zerubbabel. (
or Cai’us (lord)—
the Greek form of the word Gilead.
(influential)
(land of the Galli, Gauls). The Roman province of Galatia may be roughly described as the central region of the peninsula of Asia Minor, bounded on the north by Bithynia and Paphlagonia; on the east by Pontus; on the south by Cappadocia and Lycaonia; on the west by Phrygia.—Encyc. Brit. It derived its name from the Gallic or Celtic tribes who, about 280 B.C., made an irruption into Macedonia and Thrace. It finally became a Roman province. The Galatia of the New Testament has really the “Gaul” of the East. The people have always been described as “susceptible of quick impressions and sudden changes, with a fickleness equal to their courage and enthusiasm, and a constant liability to that disunion which is the fruit of excessive vanity.—The Galatian churches were founded by Paul at his first visit, when he was detained among, them by sickness, (
was written by the apostle St. Paul not long after his journey through Galatia and Phrygia, (
one of the perfumes employed in the preparation of the sacred incense. (
(the heap of witness), the name given by Jacob to the heap which he and Laban made on Mount Gilead in witness of the covenant then entered into between them. (
(the heap of witness), the name given by Jacob to the heap which he and Laban made on Mount Gilead in witness of the masses, but sometimes found in yellowish tear-like drops. But, though galbanum itself is well known, the plant which yields it has not been exactly determined.
the inhabitants of Galilee, the northern province of Palestine. The apostles were all Galileans by either birth or residence. (
(circuit). This name, which in the Roman age was applied to a large province, seems to have been originally confined to a little “circuit” of country round Kedesh-Naphtali, in which were situated the twenty towns given by Solomon to Hiram king of Tyre as payment for his work in conveying timber from Lebanon to Jerusalem. (
So called from the province of Galilee, which bordered on the western side. (
an architectural term describing the porticos or verandas which are not uncommon in eastern houses. It is doubtful, however, whether the Hebrew words so translated have any reference to such an object. (According to the latest researches, the colonnade or else wainscoting is meant. (Song of Solomon 1:17;
[Ship]
(fountains). This is given as the native place of the man to whom Michal, David’s wife, was given. (
(one who lives on milk), Junius Annaeus Gallio, the Roman proconsul of Achaia when St. Paul was at Corinth, A.D. 53, under the emperor Claudius. (
(recompense of God).
Among the Greeks the rage for theatrical exhibitions was such that every city of any size possessed its theatre and stadium. At Ephesus an annual contest was held in honor of Diana. It is probable that St. Paul was present when these games were proceeding. A direct reference to the exhibitions that I took place on such occasions is made in (
This word occurs only in (
(weaned), a priest, the leader of the twenty-second course in the service at the sanctuary. (
Gardens in the East, as the Hebrew word indicates, are enclosures on the outskirts of towns, planted with various trees and shrubs. From the allusions in the Bible we learn that they were surrounded by hedges of thorn, (
(scabby), one of the heroes of David’s army. (
in the neighborhood of Jerusalem, named only in (
(
[Dress]
Keilah the Garmite, i.e. the descendant of Gerem, is mentioned in the obscure genealogical lists of the families of Judah. (
The Hebrew words so rendered in the Authorized Version are derivatives from the root natsab, to “place, erect,” which may be applied to a variety of objects.
a variation of the name Geshem. (
(a burnt valley), the fourth son of Eliphaz the son of Esau, (
The gate and gateways of eastern cities anciently held and still hold an important part, not only in the defence but in the public economy of the place. They are thus sometimes taken as representing the city itself. (
(a wine press), one of the five royal cities of the Philistines; (
(wine-press on the hill), a town on the border of the territory of Zebulun, not far from Japhia, now ’Yafa, (
(press of the pomegranate)
(the fortified; the strong) (properly Azzah), one of the five chief cities of the Philistines. It is remarkable for its continuous existence and importance from the very earliest times. The secret of this unbroken history is to be found in the situation of Gaza. It is the last town in the southwest of Palestine, on the frontier towards Egypt. The same peculiarity of situation has made Gaza important in a military sense. Its name means “the strong;” and this was well elucidated in its siege by Alexander the Great, which lasted five months. In the conquest of Joshua the territory of Gaza is mentioned as one which he was not able to subdue. (
(
(
(shearer), a name which occurs twice in (
Inhabitants of Gaza. (
(devouring). The Bene-Gazzam were among the familiar of the Nethinim who returned from the captivity with Zerubbabel. (
(a hill), a city of Benjamin, with “suburbs,” allotted to the priests. (
(mountain), a maritime town of Phoenicia, near Tyre, (
(manly).
(grasshoppers), a village north of Jerusalem, (
(God is my greatness), son of Ahikam (Jeremiah’s protector, (
The Greek form of the Hebrew name Gideon. (
(a wall). The king of Geder was one of the thirty-one kings who were overcome by Joshua on the west of the Jordan. (
(a sheepfold), a town of Judah in the lowland country, (
the native of a place called Gederah, apparently in Benjamin. (
the native of some place named Geder or Gederah. (
(sheepfolds), a town in the low country of Judah. (
(two sheepfolds), a town in the low country of Judah, (
(a wall), a town int he mountainous part of Judah, (
(valley of vision), the servant or boy of Elisha. He was sent as the prophet’s messenger on two occasions to the good Shunammite, (
[Hinnom]
(circuit), a place named among the marks of the south boundary line of the tribe of Benjamin. (
(camel-driver), the father of Ammiel, the Danite spy. (
(perfected by Jehovah).
[Stones, Precious, PRECIOUS]
In Hebrew the term for genealogy or pedigree is “the book of the generations;” and because the oldest histories were usually drawn up on a genealogical basis, the expression often extended to the whole history, as is the case with the Gospel of St. Matthew, where “the book of the generation of Jesus Christ” includes the whole history contained in that Gospel. The promise of the land of Canaan to the seed of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob successively, and the separation of the Israelites from the Gentile world; the expectation of Messiah as to spring from the tribe of Judah; the exclusively hereditary priesthood of Aaron with its dignity and emoluments; the long succession of kings in the line of David; and the whole division and occupations of the land upon genealogical principles by the tribes, occupation of the land upon genealogical principles by the tribes, families and houses of fathers, gave a deeper importance to the science of genealogy among the Jews than perhaps any other nation. When Zerubbabel brought back the captivity from Babylon, one of his first cares seems to have been to take a census of those that returned, and to settle them according to their genealogies. Passing on to the time of the birth of Christ, we have a striking incidental proof of the continuance of the Jewish genealogical economy in the fact that when Augustus ordered the census of the empire to be taken, the Jews in the province of Syria immediately went each one to his own city. The Jewish genealogical records continued to be kept till near the destruction of Jerusalem. But there can be little doubt that the registers of the Jewish tribes and families perished at the destruction of Jerusalem, and not before. It remains to be said that just notions of the nature of the Jewish genealogical records are of great importance with a view to the right interpretation of Scripture. Let it only be remembered that these records have respect to political and territorial divisions as much as to strictly genealogical descent, and it will at once be seen how erroneous a conclusion it may be that all who are called “sons” of such or such a patriarch or chief father must necessarily be his very children. Of any one family or house became extinct, some other would succeed to its place, called after its own chief father. Hence of course a census of any tribe drawn up at a later period would exhibit different divisions from one drawn up at an earlier. The same principle must be borne in mind in interpreting any particular genealogy Again, when a pedigree was abbreviated, it would naturally specify such generations as would indicates from what chief houses the person descended. Females are named in genealogies when there is anything remarkable about them, or when any right or property is transmitted through them. See (
The New Testament gives us the genealogy of but one person, that of our Saviour. This is given because it was important to prove that Jesus fulfilled the prophecies spoken of him. Only as the son and heir of David should he be the Messiah. The following propositions will explain the true construction of these genealogies:—
In the long-lived patriarchal age a generation seems to have been computed at 100 years, (
(origin), the first book of the law or Pentateuch, so called from its title ia the Septuagint, that is, Creation . Its author was Moses. The date of writing was probably during the forty-years wanderings in the wilderness, B.C. 1491-1451. Time .—The book of Genesis covered 2369 years,—from the creation of Adam, A.M 1, to the death of Joseph, A.M. 2369, or B.C. 1635. Character and purpose .—The book of Genesis (with the first chapters of Exodus) describes the steps which led to the establishment of the theocracy. It is a part of the writer’s plan to tell us what the divine preparation of the world was in order to show, first, the significance of the call of Abraham, and next, the true nature of the Jewish theocracy. He begins with the creation of the world, because the God who created the world and the God who revealed himself to the fathers is the same God. The book of Genesis has thus a character at once special and universal. Construction .—It is clear that Moses must have derived his knowledge of the events which he records in Genesis either from immediate divine revelation or from oral tradition or written documents. The nature of many of the facts related, and the minuteness of the narration, render it extremely improbable that immediate revelation was the source from whence they were drawn. That his knowledge should have been derived from oral tradition appears morally impossible when we consider the great number of names, ages, dates and minute events which are recorded. The conclusion then, seems fair that he must have obtained his information from written documents coeval, or nearly so, with the events which they recorded, and composed by persons intimately acquainted with the subjects to which they relate. He may have collected these, with additions from authentic tradition or existing monuments under the guidance of the Holy Spirit, into a single book. Certain it is that several of the first chapters of Genesis have the air of being made up of selections from very ancient documents, written by different authors at different periods. The variety which is observable in the names and titles of the Supreme Being is appealed to among the most striking proofs of this fact. This is obvious in the English translation, but still more so in the Hebrew original. In
(garden of the prince), Land of. It is generally believed that this term was applied to the fertile crescent-shaped plain on the western shore of the lake, extending from Khan Minyeh (two or three miles south of Capernaum (Tel-Hum) on the north to the steep hill behind Mejdel (Magdala) on the south, and called by the Arabs el-Ghuweir, “the little Ghor.” Mr. Porter gives the length as three miles, and the greatest breadth as about one mile. Additional interest is given to the land of Gennesaret, or el-Ghuweir, by the probability that its scenery suggested the parable of the sower. It is mentioned only twice in Scripture - (
[See Galilee, Sea Of, SEA OF]
Inaccurately written for [Gennesaret]
(nations). All the people who were not Jews were so called by them, being aliens from the worship, rites and privileges of Israel. The word was used contemptuously by them. In the New Testament it is used as equivalent to Greek. This use of the word seems to have arisen from the almost universal adaption of the Greek language.
the son of Hadad, an Edomite of the royal family, by an Egyptian princess, the sister of Tahpenes, the queen of the Pharaoh who governed Egypt in the latter part of the reign of David. (
(a grain), one of the “sons,” i.e. descendants, of Benjamin. (
[Weights And Measures AND Measures]
(a lodging-place), a very ancient city south of Gaza. It occurs chiefly in Genesis, (
(
(cutters), a limestone mountain, 2855 feet high (800 feet above the valley at its foot), in Ephraim, near Shechem (Sychar), from which the blessings were read to the Israelites on entering Canaan. [See Ebal, Mount] According to the traditions of the Samaritans it was here that Abraham sacrificed Isaac, that Melchizedek met the patriarch, that Jacob built an altar, and at its base dug a well, the ruins of which are still seen. Some scholars think there is ground for the first belief (so Smith); but careful observers of the locality discredit it and believe Moriah to be the spot. [See Moriah] Gerizim was the site of the Samaritan temple, which was built there after the captivity, in rivalry with the temple at Jerusalem. [See Samaritans] Gerizim is still to the Samaritans what Jerusalem is to the Jews and Mecca to the Mohammedans.
(
(a stranger or exile).
(exile). The eldest of the three sons of Levi, born before the descent of Jacob’s family into Egypt. (
the family descended from Gershon or Gershom, the son of Levi. “THE GERSH0NITE,” as applied to individuals, occurs in (
(dwellers in the desert), The, a tribe who with the Geshurites and the Amalekites occupied the land between the south of Palestine and Egypt in the time of Saul. (
(filthy) (sometimes written GESHAN), one of the sons of Judah, in the genealogy of Judah and family of Caleb. (
and Gash’mu (rain), an Arabian, mentioned in (
(a bridge), a little principality of Syria, northeast of Bashan. (3:14;
(fear), the third in order of the sons of Aram. (
(an oil-press), a small “farm,” (
(majesty of God), son of Machi the Gadite spy. (
(a precipice), an ancient city of Canaan, whose king, Hiram or Elam, coming to the assistance of Lachish, was killed with all his people by Joshua. (
The word which the Jewish critics have substituted in the margin of the Bible for the ancient reading, “the Gerizite.” (
(a waterfall), a place named only in (
men of extraordinary size or height.
(gigantic), the father of some who returned with Zerubbabel from Babylon. (
(a hill), a town allotted to the tribe of Dan, (
(a hill). Sheva “the father of Macbenah” and “father of Gibea” is mentioned with other names, unmistakably those of places and not persons, among the descendants of Judah. (
a word employed in the Bible to denote a hill. Like most words of this kind it gave its name to several towns and places in Palestine, which would doubtless be generally on or near a hill. They are—
probably the same as, Gibeah OF Benjamin, The Land Of. (
(hill city), one of the four, cities of the Hivites, the inhabitants of which made a league with Joshua, (
the people of Gibeon, and perhaps also of the three cities associated with Gibeon, (
[Gebal]
(I have trained up), one of the sons of Heman, the king’s seer. (
(very great).
(he that cuts down), youngest son of Joash of the Abiezrites, an undistinguished family who lived at Ophrah, a town probably on the west of Jordan, (
(a cutting down), a Benjamite, father of Abidan. (
(desolation), a place named only in (
an unclean bird mentioned in (
The giving and receiving of presents has in all ages been not only a more frequent but also a more formal and significant proceeding in the East than among ourselves. We cannot adduce a more remarkable proof of the important part which presents play in the social life of the East than the fact that the Hebrew language possesses no less than fifteen different expressions for the one idea. The mode of presentation was with as much parade as possible. The refusal of a present was regarded us a high indignity. No less an insult was it not to bring a present when the position of the parties demanded it. (
(a stream).
(weighty), one of the priests’ sons at the consecration of the wall of Jerusalem. (
(a bubbling spring) a mountain range on the eastern side of the plain of Esdraelon, rising over the city of Jezreel. Comp. (
(rocky region).
(
(a wheel; rolling).
(exile), a town in the mountainous part of Judah, named in the first group with Debir and Eshtemoh, (
native of Giloh. (
(fertile in sycamores), a town which with its dependent villages was taken possession of by the Philistines in the reign of Ahaz. (
a trap for birds or beasts; it consisted of a net, (
(protection), father of Tibni. (
(gardner), one of the chief of the priests and Levites who returned to Judea with Zerubbabel. (
(gardener), a priest who sealed the covenant with Nehemiah (
an essential article of dress in the East, and worn by both men and women. The common girdle was made of leather, (
(dwelling on a clayey soil), The, one of the nations who were in possession of Canaan east of the Sea of Galilee before the entrance thither of the children of Israel. (
(
(caress), one of the overseers of the Nethinim, in “the Ophel,” after the return from captivity. (
(
[Gittites]
(belonging to Gath), the 600 men who followed David from Gath, under Ittai the Gittite, (
a musical instrument, by some supposed to have been used by the people of Gath, and by others to have been employed at the festivities of the vintage.
(inhabitant of Gizoh). “The sons of Hashem the Gizonite “are named amongst the warriors of David’s guard. (
The Hebrew word occurs only in (
The gleaning of fruit trees, as well as of corn-fields, was reserved for the poor. [Corner]
the old name for the common kite (Milvus ater), occurs only in (14:13) among the unclean birds of prey.
a species of mosquito mentioned only in the proverbial expression used by our Saviour in (
(
There appear to be two or three varieties of the common goat, Hircus agagrus, at present bred in Palestine and Syria, but whether they are identical with those which were reared by the ancient Hebrews it is not possible to say. The most marked varieties are the Syrian goat(Capra mammorica, Linn.) and the Angora goat (Capra angorensis, Linn.), with fine long hair. As to the “wild goats,” (
[Atonement, The Day Of, Day OF]
(lowing), a place apparently in the neighborhood of Jerusalem, and named, in connection with the hill Gareb, only in (
(cistern), a place mentioned only in (
a circular vessel for wine or other liquid.
(good). Throughout the Hebrew Scriptures two chief names are used for the one true divine Being—ELOHIM, commonly translated God in our version, and Jehovah, translated Lord . Elohim is the plural of Eloah (in Arabic Allah); it is often used in the short form EL (a word signifying strength, as in EL-SHADDAI, God Almighty, the name by which God was specially known to the patriarchs. (
(mountain).
(circle), a city of Bashan, (4:43) allotted out of the half tribe of Manasseh to the Levites, (
Gold was known from the very earliest times. (
(skull), the Hebrew name of the spot at which our Lord was crucified. (
(splendor), a famous giant of Gath, who “morning and evening for forty days” defied the armies of Israel. (
(perfect).
(submersion), one of the five “cities of the plain” or “vale of Siddim” that under the irrespective kings joined battle there with Chedorlaomer (
(pitch) wood. Only once mentioned— (
The name Gospel (from god and spell, Ang. Sax. good message or news, which is a translation of the Greek euaggelion) is applied to the four inspired histories of the life and teaching of Christ contained in the New Testament, of which separate accounts are given in their place. They were all composed during the latter half of the first century: those of St. Matthew and St. Mark some years before the destruction of Jerusalem; that of St. Luke probably about A.D. 64; and that of St. John towards the close of the century. Before the end of the second century, there is abundant evidence that the four Gospels, as one collection, were generally used and accepted. As a matter of literary history, nothing can be better established than the genuineness of the Gospels. On comparing these four books one with another, a peculiar difficulty claims attention, which has had much to do with the controversy as to their genuineness. In the fourth Gospel the narrative coincided with that of the other three in a few passages only. The received explanation is the only satisfactory one namely, that John, writing last, at the close of the first century had seen the other Gospels, and purposely abstained from writing anew what they had sufficiently recorded. In the other three Gospels there is a great amount of agreement. If we suppose the history that they contain to be divided into 89 sections, in 42 of these all the three narratives coincide, 12 more are given by Matthew and Mark only, 5 by Mark and Luke only, and 14 by Matthew and Luke. To these must be added 5 peculiar to Matthew, 2 to Mark and 9 to Luke, and the enumeration is complete. But this applies only to general coincidence as to the facts narrated: the amount of verbal coincidence, that is, the passages either verbally the same or coinciding in the use of many of the same words, is much smaller. It has been ascertained by Stroud that “if the total contents of the several Gospels be represented by 100, the following table is obtained: Matthew has 42 peculiarities and 58 coincidences. Mark has 7 peculiarities and 93 coincidences. Luke has 59 peculiarities and 41 coincidences. John has 92 peculiarities and 8 coincidences. Why four Gospels.—
In the Authorized Version this one English word is the representative of no less than ten Hebrew and four Greek words.
seems in the Authorized Version of (
[Vine]
[Locust]
a piece of defensive armor which reached from the foot to the knee and thus protected the shin of the wearer. It was made of leather or brass.
The term Grecian, or Hellenist, denotes a Jew by birth or religion who spoke Greek. It is used chiefly of foreign Jews and proselytes in contrast with the Hebrews speaking the vernacular Hebrew or Aramaean.—Bible Dictionary of Tract Society .
The histories of Greece and Palestine are little connected with each other. In (
the translation in the text of the Authorized Version, (
[Mill]
(10:7) [See Horhagidgad]
(painted).
the descendants of Guni, son of Naphtali. (
(abode), The going up to, an ascent or rising ground, at which Ahaziah received his death-blow while flying from jehu after the slaughter of Joram. (
(abode of Baal), a place or district in which dwelt Arabians, as recorded in (
(the courier), a man or a family immediately descended from Ashur. “father of Tekoa,” by his second wife Naarah. (
(whom Jehovah hides). Bene-Habaiah were among the sons of the priests who returned from Babylon with Zerubbabel. (
(embrace), the eighth in order of the minor prophets. Of the facts of the prophet’s life we have no certain information. He probably lived about the twelfth or thirteenth year of Josiah, B.C. 630 or 629.
consists of three chapters, in the first of which he foreshadows the invasion of Judea by the Chaldeans, and in the second he foretells the doom of the Chaldeans. The whole concludes with the magnificent psalm in ch. 3, a composition unrivalled for boldness of conception, sublimity of thought and majesty of diction.
(light of Jehovah), apparently the head of one of the families of the Rechabites. (
a coat of mail covering the neck and breast. [Arms, Armor]
(beautiful banks), the “river of Gozan,” (
(whom Jehovah enlightens), the father of Nehemiah. (
a hill apparently situated in a wood in the wilderness or waste land in the neighborhood of Ziph, in Judah, in the fastnesses or passes of which David and his six hundred followers were lurking when the Ziphites informed Saul of his whereabouts. (
(wise) Son of, and The Hach’monite. (
(mighty), originally the indigenous appellation of the sun among the Syrians, and thence transferred to the king as the highest of earthly authorities. The title appears to have been an official one, like Pharaoh. It is found occasionally in the altered form Hadar. (
(
is, according to the ordinary interpretation of (12:11) a place in the valley of Megiddo (a part of the plain of Esdraelon, six miles from Mount Carmel and eleven from Nazareth), where a national lamentation was held for the death of King Josiah. It was named after two Syrian idols.
[Hadad]
(Hadad’s help), son of Rehob, (
(new), one of the towns of Judah, in the maritime low country, (
(myrtle), probably the earlier name of Esther. (
(new). According to the Authorized Version, one of the towns of Judah in the extreme south. (
in Revised Version. [See Hell]
(sharp), a place named, with Lod (Lydda) and Ono, only in the later books of the history. (
(rest of God), a man of Ephraim. (
(noble honor).
(dwelling), a country of Syria, mentioned once only, by the prophet Zechariah. (
under which it is found in the parallel list of (
(locust). Bene-Hagab were among the Nethinim who returned from Babylon with Zerubbabel. (
(locust). Bene Hagaba were among the Nethinim who came back from captivity with Zerubbabel. (
(flight), an Egyptian woman, the handmaid or slave of Sarah, (
(named after Hagar), a people dwelling to the east of Palestine, with whom the tribes of Reuben made war in the time of Saul. (
Jaziz the Hagerite, i.e. the descendant of Hagar, had the charge of David’s sheep. (
(festive), the tenth in order of the minor prophets, and first of those who prophesied after the captivity. With regard to his tribe and parentage history and tradition are alike silent.
The style of Haggai is generally tame and prosaic, though at times it rises to the dignity of severe invective when the prophet rebukes his countrymen for their selfish indolence and neglect of God’s house. But the brevity of the prophecies is so great, and the poverty of expression which characterizes them so striking, as to give rise to a conjecture, not without reason, that in their present form they are but the outline or summary of the original discourses. They were delivered in the second year of Darius Hystaspes (B.C. 620), at intervals from the 1st day of the 6th month to the 24th day of the 9th month in the same year.
(wanderer) was one of the mighty men of David’s guard, according to (
(festive), second son of Gad. (
(festival of Jehovah), a Merarite Levite. (
a Gadite family sprung from Haggi. (
(festive; a dancer), one of David’s wives, the mother of Adonijah. (
Same as Ai.
The Hebrews were fully alive to the importance of the hair as an element of personal beauty. Long hair was admired in the case of young men. (
(young). Johanan son of Hakkatan, was the chief of the Bene-Azgad who returned from Babylon with Ezra. (
(thorn), a priest, the chief of the seventh course in the service of the sanctuary, as appointed by David. (
(bent). Bene-Hakupha were among the Nethinim who returned from Babylon with Zerubbabel. (
is probably a different place from the Calah of (
(smooth), The mount, a mountain twice, and twice only, named, was the southern limit of Joshua’s conquests, (
(trembling), a town of Judah in the mountain district. (
(necklace), a town on the boundary of Asher, named between Helkath and Beten. (
used of the court of the high priest’s house. (
(praise ye the Lord). [Alleluia]
(enchanter), one of the chief of the people who sealed the covenant with Nehemiah. (
Shallum, son of Halohesh was “ruler of the half part of Jerusalem” at the time of the repair of the wall by Nehemiah. (
(doubtful). Bene-Hattil were among the children of Solomon’s slaves “who came back from captivity with Zerubbabel. (
(hot; sunburnt).
(magnificent), the chief minister or vizier of King Ahasuerus. (
(fortress), the principal city of upper Syria, was situated in the valley of the Orontes, which it commanded from the low screen of hills which forms the water-shed between the source of the Orontes and Antioch. The Hamathites were a Hamitic race, and are included among the descendants of Canaan. (
one of the families descended from Canaan, named last in the list. (
(fortress of Zobah), (
(warm springs), one of the fortified cities in the territory allotted to Naphtali. (
(double), father of the infamous Haman. (
lit. “the king, ” unnecessarily rendered in the Authorized Version as a proper name. (
(the queen), a daughter of Machir and sister of Gilead. (
(warm springs).
(dwelling of the warm springs). [Hammath]
(multitude), the name of a city mentioned in Ezekiel. (
(the multitude of God), The valley of, the name to be bestowed on the ravine or glen, previously known as “the ravine of the passengers on the east of the sea,” after the burial there of “God and all his multitude.” (
(an ass), a Hivite who at the time of the entrance of Jacob on Palestine was prince of the land and city of Shechem. (
(heat, i.e. wrath, of God), a man of Simeon, of the family of Shaul. (
(pitied), the younger son of Pharez, Judah’s son by Tamar. (
the family of the preceding. (
(akin to the dew), daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah; one of the wives of King Josiah. (
(whom God graciously gave), son of Shallum and cousin of Jeremiah. (
(merciful).
(whom God graciously gave), The tower of, a tower which formed part of the wall of Jerusalem (
(gracious).
(gift of God).
(the favor of God), son of Ephod and prince of Manasseh. (
(
(
a place in Egypt mentioned only in (
(grace of God), one of the sons of Ulla of the tribe of Asher. (
(grace), one of the wives of Elkanah, and mother of Samuel.
(gracious), one of the cities of Zebulun. (
(dedicated).
(favored).
(two pits), a city of Issachar, mentioned next to Shunem. (
(mountain land), (
(fear), a desert station of the Israelites, (
(a mountaineer).
(the mountaineer), The. The destination of three of David’s guard.
(ass-driver), the third of the seven chamberlains or eunuchs who served King Ahasuerus. (
(
(Heb. arnebeth) occurs only in (
[House]
(a plucking off), a name occurring in the genealogies of Judah as a son of Caleb and as “father of Bethgader.” (
(thicket), The forest of, in which David took refuge, after at the instigation of the prophet Gad, he had quitted the “hold” or fastness of the cave of Adullam. (
(the Lord is angry), father of Uzziel. (
(inflammation). The sons of Harhur were among the Nethinim who returned from Babylon with Zerubbabel. (
(flat-nosed).
(a plucking-off). A hundred and twelve of the Bene-Hariph returned from the captivity with Zerubbabel. (
That this class of persons existed in the earliest states of society is clear from (
(hill of Megiddo), (
(panting), one of the sons of Zophah, of the tribe of Asher. (
(fear), The well of, a spring by which Gideon and his great army encamped on the morning of the day which ended in the rout of the Midianites. (
the designation of two of the thirty-seven warriors of David’s guard, Shammah and Elika, (
a name occurring in the genealogical lists of Judah. (
(the same as Harodite) The, the title given to Shammoth, one of the warriors of David’s guard. (
(workmanship) “of the Gentiles” so called from the mixed races that inhabited it—a city in the north of the land of Canaan, supposed to have stood on the west coast of the lake Merom from which the Jordan issues forth in one unbroken stream. It was the residence of Sisera captain of Jabin king of Canaan, (
The harp was the national instrument of the Hebrews, and was well known throughout Asia. Moses assigns its invention to Jubal during the antediluvian period. (
(native of Hariph), The, the designation of Shephatiah, one of the Korhites who repaired to David at Ziklag. (
The word so rendered, (
(deaf). Bene-Harsha were among the families of Nethinim who came back from Babylon with Zerubbabel. (
the male stag. The word denotes some member of the deer tribe either the fallow deer or the Barbary deer. The hart is reckoned among the clean animals, (12:15; 14:5; 15:22) and seems from the passages quoted, as well as from (
(lofty), father of Aharhel, in one of the most obscure genealogies of Judah. (
(slit-nosed) father or ancestor of Jedaiah. (
(zealous), a man of Jotbah, father of Meshullemeth queen of Manasseh. (
(loved by Jehovah) one of a group of five persons among the descendants of the royal line of Judah, (
(the hated), a Benjamite, of one of the chief families in the tribe. (
(whom God regards).
(whom Jehovah regards), one of the chief of the “people” who sealed the covenant with Nehemiah. (
(whom Jehovah regards).
(considerate judge), one of the men (probably Levites) who stood on Ezra’s left hand while he read the law to the people in Jerusalem. (
(fat). The sons of Hashem the Gizonite are named amongst the members of David’s guard in (
(fatness), a station of the Israelites, mentioned (
(intelligent).
(intelligent), the first of a group of five men, apparently the latter half of the family of Zerubbabel. (
(rich).
(stripped), one of the families of Nethinim who returned from captivity in the first caravan (
(very poor), the form in which the name Harhas is given in (
The Bene-Hassenaah rebuilt the fish-gate in the repair of the wall of Jerusalem. (
[See Hashub]
[See Hashupha]
(verily), one of the eunuchs in the court of Ahasuerus. (
(fearful), one of the sons of Othniel the Kenazite. (
(captive). Bene-Hatipha (i.e. sons of Hatipha) were among the Nethinim who returned from Babylon with Zerubbabel. (
(exploring). Bene-Hatita (i.e. sons of Hatita) were among the “porters” (i.e. the gate-keepers) who returned from the captivity with Zerubbabel. (
(assembled).
(caverns), a province of Palestine twice mentioned by Ezekiel. (
(
(circle).
(villages of Jair), certain villages on the east of Jordan, in Gilead or Bashan, which were taken by Jair the son of Manasseh, and called after his name. (
(
(Heb. chatsir), the rendering of the Authorized Version in (
(whom God sees), a king of Damascus who reigned from about B.C. 886 to B.C. 840. He appears to have been previously a person in a high position at the court of Ben-hadad, and was sent by his master to Elisha to inquire if he would recover from the malady under which he was suffering. Elisha’s answer led to the murder of Ben-hadad by his ambitious servant, who forthwith mounted the throne. (
(whom Jehovah sees), a man of Judah of the family of the Shilonites, or descendants of Shelah. (
etc. [Hazer]
(court of death), the third in order of the sons of Joktan (
The Hebrew term luz occurs only in (
(shade coming upon me), the sister of the sons of Etam in the genealogies of Judah. (
topographically, seems generally employed for the villages of people. As a proper name it appears in the Authorized Version—
(villages). The Avim, or more accurately the Avvim, are said to have lived “in the villages (Authorized Version ’Hazerim’) as far as Gaza,” (2:23) before their expulsion by the Caphtorim.
(villages), (
and Haz’azon-ta’mar (pruning of palm trees), the ancient name of Engedi. (
(union of God), a Levite in the time of David, of the family of Shi-mei or Shimi, the younger branch of the (Gershonites. (
(vision), a son of Nahor, by Milcah his wife. (
(castle).
The Hebrews do not appear to have regarded a covering for the head as an essential article of dress. Hats were unknown. The earliest notice we have of such a thing is in connection with the sacerdotal vestments. (
One way of baking much practiced in the East is to place the dough on an iron plate, either laid on or supported on legs above the vessel sunk in the ground, which forms the oven. The cakes baked “on the hearth” (
(
[Gentiles]
There are four Hebrew words thus rendered in the Old Testament which we may briefly notice.
(alliance).
This word first occurs as given to Abram by the Canaanites, (
The books of the Old Testament are written almost entirely in the Hebrew language. It is a branch of the Shemitic language, one of the three great divisions into which all languages have been reduced. It is one of the earliest of known languages, and some suppose that it was the original language of man.
(alliance).
A family of Kohathite Levites, descendants of Hebron the son of Kohath. (
The Hebrew words thus rendered denote simply that which surrounds or encloses, whether it be a stone wall, geder, (
(eunuch), one of the eunuchs of the court of Ahasuerus. (
another form of the preceding (
(
The Hebrew institutions relative to inheritance were of a very simple character. Under the patriarchal system the property was divided among the sons of the legitimate wives, (
(rust), one of the two wives of Ashur, father of Tekoa. (
(stronghold), a place east of the Jordan but west of the Euphrates at which the Syrians were collected by Hadarezer, and where David met and defeated them. (
(fertile), a town of Asher, probably on the plain of Phoenicia not far from Sidon. (
(fertile), a place mentioned only in (
(worldly).
(milk), or He’led (transient) son of Baanah the Netophathite, one of the heroes of King David’s guard. (
(portion), one of the descendants of Manasseh, and second son of Gilead, (
(strength).
(exchange), the place from which the boundary of the tribe of Naphtali started. (
(strength).
(portion), the town named as the starting-point for the boundary of the tribe of Asher, (
(ascending), the father of Joseph the husband of the Virgin Mary, (
[See On]
(field of rock), a smooth piece of ground, apparently close to the pool of Gibeon, where the combat took place between the two parties of Joab’s men and Abner’s men which ended in the death of the whole of the combatants, and brought on a general battle. (
In the Old Testament this is the word generally and unfortunately used by our translators to render the Hebrew Sheol . It really means the place of the dead, the unseen world, without deciding whether it be the place of misery or of happiness. It is clear that in many passages of the Old Testament Sheol can only mean “the grave,” and is rendered in the Authorized Version; see, for example, (
(Grecian), the term applied in the New Testament to Greek-speaking or “Grecian” Jews. The Hellenists as a body included not only the proselytes of Greek (or foreign) parentage, but also those. Jews who, by settling in foreign countries, had adopted the prevalent form of the current Greek civilization, and with it the use of the common Greek dialect. (
(strong), father of Eliab, of the tribe of Zebulun. (
The importance which the later Jews, especially the Pharisees, (
(exterminating). Hori and Hemam were sons of Lotan, the eldest son of Seir. (
(faithful)
(heat), a person or place named in the genealogical lists of Judah, as the origin of the Kenites, and the “father” of the house of Rechab. (
(pleasant), the eldest son of Dishon, son of Anah the Horite. (
the common ground or dwarf hemlock, a bitter, poisonous plant. The Hebrew rosh is rendered “hemlock” in two passages, (
The hen is nowhere noticed in the Bible except in (
(rest), probably a son of Zephaniah, and apparently the same who is called Josiah in (
(troubling), a city the Assyrian kings had reduced shortly before the time of Sennacherib. (
(grace of Hadad), the head of a family of the Levites who took a prominent part in the rebuilding of the temple. (
a place in ancient Canaan which occurs in the lists of conquered kings. (
(a well).
the family of Hepher the son of Gilead. (
one who makes public proclamation. The only notice of this officer in the Old Testament occurs in (
(a collection of cattle), Herdsmen. The herd was greatly regarded in both the patriarchal and the Mosaic period. The ox was the most precious stock next to horse and mule. The herd yielded the most esteemed sacrifice, (
(the sun), (
(artificer), a Levite attached to the tabernacle (
(Mercury), the name of a Christian resident at Rome to whom St. Paul sends greetings in his Epistle to the Romans. (
(Mercury), a Christian mentioned in (
a person mentioned by St. Paul in the latest of all his epistles, (
(a peak, summit), a mountain on the northeastern border of Palestine, (3:8;
Properly “the Hermons,” with reference to the three summits of Mount Hermon. (
(hero-like). This family though of Idumean origin and thus alien by race, was Jewish in faith. I. HEROD THE GREAT was the second son of Antipater, an Idumean, who was appointed procurator of Judea by Julius Caesar, B.C. 47. Immediately after his father’s elevation when only fifteen years old, he received the government of Galilee and shortly afterward that of Coele-Syria. Though Josephus says he was 15 years old at this time, it is generally conceded that there must be some mistake, as he lived to be 69 or 70 years old, and died B.C. 4; hence he must have been 25 years old at this time.—ED.) In B.C. 41 he was appointed by Antony tetrarch of Judea. Forced to abandon Judea the following year, he fled to Rome, and received the appointment of king of Judea. In the course of a few years, by the help of the Romans he took Jerusalem (B.C. 37), and completely established his authority throughout his dominions. The terrible acts of bloodshed which Herod perpetrated in his own family were accompanied by others among his subjects equally terrible, from the number who fell victims to them. According to the well-known story) he ordered the nobles whom he had called to him in his last moment to be executed immediately after his decease, that so at least his death might be attended by universal mourning. It was at the time of his fatal illness that he must have caused the slaughter of the infants at Bethlehem. (
(from Herod). (
daughter of Aristobulus, one of the sons of Mariamne and Herod the Great, and consequently sister of Agrippa I. She first married Herod Philip I.; then she eloped from him to marry Herod Antipas her step-uncle. The head of John the Baptist was granted at the request of Herodias. (
a relative of St. Paul, to whom he sends his salutation amongst the Christians of the Roman church. (
(
(kindness), the son of Hesed or Ben-Chesed, was commissary for Solomon. (
(stronghold), the capital city of Sihon king of the Amorites. (
(rich soil), a place named, with others, as lying in the extreme south of Judah. (
(enclosed), the son of Reuben, (
(terror), the forefather of the nation of the Hittites. In the genealogical tables of (
(hiding-place), the name of a place on the northern border of Palestine. (
(strong), a Benjamite, one of the Bene-Elpaal, a descendant of Shaaraim. (
(the might of Jehovah).
(vision), a king of Aram (Syria), father of Tabrimon and grandfather of Ben-hadad I. (
(Swine).
(enclosed), one of the thirty heroes of David’s guard. (
(surrounded by a wall).
(descendants of Hezron), The.
(for the rejoicing of Jehovah), one of the thirty-seven heroes of David’s guard. (
(rapid), one of the rivers of Eden, the river which “goeth eastward to Assyria,” (
(God liveth), a native of Bethel, who rebuilt Jericho in the reign of Ahab, (
(holy city), a city of Phrygia, situated above the junction of the rivers Lycus and Maeander, near Colossae and Laodicea mentioned only in (
(meditation), a word which occurs three times in the book of Psalms— (
The first distinct separation of Aaron to the office of the priesthood, which previously belonged to the first-born was that recorded (
Though during the sway of the Romans over Palestine they made a few substantial roads for their carts and chariots, yet for the most of the time, as today, the Jews had nothing such as we call roads, but only footpaths through which animals walk in single file. These are never cared for, no repairs are made or obstacles removed. This fact brings into striking prominence the figure of repairing a highway for the return Of the captives, or the coming of the great King. On special occasions kings had roads prepared for the progress of their armies, or their own going from place to place.—ED.
(place of caves), the name of city of Judah allotted with its suburbs to the priests. (
(God is my portion)
(praise), a native of Pirathon in Mount Ephraim, father of Abdon, one of the judges of Israel. (
From the Hebrew Gibeah, meaning a curved round hill. But our translators have also employed the same English word for the very different term har, which has a much more extended sense than gibeah, meaning a whole district. For instance, in (
[Weights And Measures AND Measures]
the female of the common stag or Cervus elaphus . It is frequently noticed in the poetical parts of Scripture as emblematic of activity, (
Both ancient Egyptian and modern Oriental doors were and are hung by means of pivots turning in sockets on both the upper and lower sides. (
(lamentation), Valley of, otherwise called “the valley of the son” or “children of Hinnom,” a deep and narrow ravine, with steep, rocky sides, to the south and west of Jerusalem, separating Mount Zion to the north from the “hill of evil counsel,” and the sloping rocky plateau of the “plain of Rephaim” to the south. The earliest mention of the valley of Hinnom is in (
[Behemoth]
(a noble race), an Adullamite, the friend of Judah. (
(noble).
(descendans of Heth), The, the nation descended from Cheth (Authorized Version Heth), the second son of Canaan. Abraham bought from the “children of Heth” the field and the cave of Machpelah, belonging to Ephron the Hittite. ’They were then settled at the town which was afterwards, under its new name of Hebron, to become one of the most famous cities of Palestine, and which then bore the name of Kir-jath-arba. (
(villagers), The, descendants—the six in order— of Canaan the son of Ham. (
(might of Jehovah), an ancestor of Zephaniah the prophet. (
(might of Jehovah), one of those. who sealed the covenant with Nehemiah. (
(beloved). This name is found in two places only (
(hiding-place), the place to which Abraham pursued the kings who had pillaged Sodom. (
(splendor), one of the sons of Zophah, among the descendants of Asher. (
(Praise ye Jehovah), son of the royal line of Judah. (
(Praise ye Jehovah).
(new moon), a woman named in the genealogies of Benjamin, (
(praise ye Jehovah). (
(majesty of Jehovah), one of the two wives of Ezra, a man of Judah. (
(majesty of Jehovah).
(partridge), the third of the five daughters of Zelophehad. (
(whom Jehovah impels), king of Hebron at the time of the conquest of Canaan. (
or more correctly OLOFERNES, was, according to the book of Judith, a general of Nebuchadnezzar king of the Assyrians.,
(sandy).
(destruction), the form under which, in (
[Weights And Measures AND Measures]
The Hebrew debash in the first place applied to the product of the bee, to which exclusively we give the name of honey. All travellers agree in describing Palestine as a land “flowing with milk and honey,” (
Various kinds of hooks are noticed in the Bible, of which the following are the most important:
(pugilist) and Phinehas (brazen mouth), the two sons of Eli, who fulfilled their hereditary sacerdotal duties at Shiloh. Their brutal rapacity and lust, (
(mountain), Mount.
(mountainous), king of Gezer at the time of the conquest of the southwestern part of Palestine. (
(desert). [Sinai, Or Sinai]
(sacred), one of the fortified places in the territory of Naphtali; named with Iron and Migdalel. (
(conspicous mountain), the name of the desert station where the Israelites encamped, (
(cave-dweller).
and Ho’rites (descendants of Hori), the aboriginal inhabitants of Mount Seir, (
(a place laid waste), or Zephath, (
The word “horn” is often used metaphorically to signify strength and honor, because horns are the chief weapons and ornaments of the animals which possess them; hence they are also used as a type of victory. Of strength the horn of the unicorn was the most frequent representative, (33:17) etc., but not always; comp. (
The hornet bears a general resemblance to the common wasp, only it is larger. It is exceedingly fierce and voracious, especially in hot climates and its sting is frequently dangerous. In Scripture the hornet is referred to only by the means which Jehovah employed for the extirpation of the Canaanites. (
(two caverns), a town of Moab, possibly a sanctuary, named with Zoar and Luhith. (
(native of Horonaim), The, the designation of Sanballat. (
The most striking feature in the biblical notices of the horse is the exclusive application of it to warlike operations; in no instance is that useful animal employed for the purposes of ordinary locomotion or agriculture, if we except (
Heb. ’alukah, occurs once only, viz. (
a Merarite Levite, chosen by David to be one of the first doorkeepers to the ark after its arrival in Jerusalem. (
(refuge), a city of Asher, (
(save now). “Save, we pray!” the cry of the multitudes as they thronged in our Lord’s triumphal procession into Jerusalem. (
(salvation), son of Beeri, and first of the minor prophets. Probably the life, or rather the prophetic career, of Hosea extended from B.C. 784 to 723, a period of fifty-nine years. The prophecies of Hosea were delivered in the kingdom of Israel. Jeroboam II was on the throne, and Israel was at the height of its earthly splendor. Nothing is known of the prophet’s life excepting what may be gained from his book.
This book consists of fourteen chapters. It is easy to recognize two great divisions in the book: (1) ch. 1 to 3; (2) ch. 4 to end. The subdivision of these several parts is a work of greater difficulty—
(whom Jehovah aids).
(haste), one of the early kings of Edom. Genesis36:34,36;
(whom Jehovah hears), one of the sons of Jeconiah or Jehoiachin, the last king but one of Judah. (
(salvation).
Hospitality was regarded by most nations of the ancient world as one of the chief virtues. The Jewish laws respecting strangers (
(signet ring), a man of Asher, son of Heber, of the family Of Beriah. (
(signet ring), a man of Aroer, father of Shamu and Jehiel. (
(fullness), the thirteenth son of Heman, “the king’s seer,” (
The ancient Hebrews were probably unacquainted with the division of the natural day into twenty-four parts; but they afterwards parcelled out the period between sunrise and sunset into a series of divisions distinguished by the sun’s course. The early Jews appear to have divided the day into four parts, (
The houses of the rural poor in Egypt, as well as in most parts of Syria, Arabia and Persia, are generally mere huts of mud or sunburnt bricks. In some parts of Palestine and Arabia stone is used, and in certain districts caves in the rocks are used as dwellings. (
—We learn from Holy Scripture that it was by the agency of the Spirit of God that the prophets received the divine communication; but the means by which the divine Spirit communicated with the human spirit, and the conditions of the latter under which the divine communications were received, have not been clearly declared to us. They are however, indicated. In (
(incised), a place on the boundary of Naphtali. (
a name which in (
(circle), the second son of Aram, and grandson of Shem. (
(weasel), a prophetess, whose husband, Shallum, was keeper of the wardrobe in the time of King Josiah. It was to her that Josiah had recourse, when Hilkiah found a book of the law, to procure an authoritative opinion on it. (
(place of lizards), a city of Judah one of those in the mountain districts the next to Hebron. (
Hunting, as a matter of necessity, whether for the extermination of dangerous beasts or for procuring sustenance betokens a rude and semi-civilized state; as an amusement, it betokens an advanced state. The Hebrews as a pastoral and agricultural people, were not given to the sports of the field; the density of the population, the earnestness of their character, and the tendency of their ritual regulations, particularly those affecting food, all combined to discourage the practice of hunting. The smaller of catching animals was, first, either by digging a pitfall; or, secondly, by a trap which was set under ground, (
(coast-man), a son of Benjamin, founder of the family of the Huphamites. (
descendants of Hupham, of the tribe of Benjamin. (
(protected), a priest in the time of David. (
(protected), head of a Benjamite family (
(linon-weaver), one of David’s guard—Hurai of the torrents of Gaash, according to the list of (
(noble born).
(very poor), an ancestor of Shallum the husband of Huldah. (
(linen-weaver), a Gadite; father of Abihail- (
[Marriage]
(haste), a name which occurs in the genealogies of the tribe of Judah (
(hasting) an Archite i.e. possibly an inhabitant of a place called Erec. (
(inhabitant of Hushah), The, the designation of two of the heroes of David’s guard.
(who makes haste).
This word in (
(light, sandy soil), the eldest son of Nahor and Milcah. (
(fixed), according to the general opinion of the Jews, was the queen of Nineveh at the time when Nahum delivered his prophecy. (
used in the Revised Version for jacinth in (
Authorities differ as to whether the term tzabu’a in (
(belonging to marriage), the name of a person occurring twice in the correspondence between St. Paul and Timothy; the first time classed with Alexander, (
a religious song or psalm. (
(Heb. ezob.) The ezob was used for sprinkling in some of the sacrifices and purifications of the Jews. In consequence of its detergent qualities, or from its being associated with the purificatory Services, the psalmist makes use of the expression, “Purge me with ezob .” (
(whom God chooses), one of the sons of David, (
(devouring the people), a city of Manasseh, with villages or towns dependent on it. (
(whom Jehovah will build up), son of Jehoram, a Benjamite. (
(whom Jehovah will build up), a Benjamite. (
(Hebrew), a Merarite Levite of the family of Jaaziah, (
(illustrious), a native of Bethlehem of Zebulun, who judged Israel for seven years after Jephthah. (
(inglorious), the son of Phinehas and grandson of Eli. (
(little image), the modern Konieh, was the capital of Lycaonia, in Asia Minor. It was a large and rich city, 120 miles north from the Mediterranean Sea, at the foot of the Taurus mountains, and on the great line of communication between Ephesus and the western coast of the peninsula on one side, and Tarsus, Antioch and the Euphrates on the other. Iconium was a well-chosen place for missionary operations. (
(memorial of God), one of the cities of the tribe of Zebulun, named between Shimron and Bethlehem. (
(stout), one of the three sons of Abi-Etam, among the families of Judah. (
(timely or lovely).
An image or anything used as an object of worship in place of the true God. Among the earliest objects of worship, regarded as symbols of deity, were the meteoric stones, which the ancients believed to have been images of the Gods sent down from heaven. From these they transferred their regard to rough unhewn blocks, to stone columns or pillars of wood, in which the divinity worshipped was supposed to dwell, and which were connected, like the sacred stone at Delphi, by being anointed with oil and crowned with wool on solemn days. Of the forms assumed by the idolatrous images we have not many traces in the Bible. Dagon, the fish-god of the Philistines, was a human figure terminating in a fish; and that the Syrian deities were represented in later times in a symbolical human shape we know for certainty. When the process of adorning the image was completed, it was placed in a temple or shrine appointed for it. Epist. (
strictly speaking denotes the worship of deity in a visible form, whether the images to which homage is paid are symbolical representations of the true God or of the false divinities which have been made the objects of worship in his stead. I. History of idolatry among the Jews.—The first undoubted allusion to idolatry or idolatrous customs in the Bible is in the account of Rachel’s stealing her father’s teraphim. (
(red). [Edom, Idumaea Or Idumea]
(whom God will avenge).
(whom Jehovah makes great), a prophet or holy man—“the man of God”—named once only, (
(whom God will avenge), a son of Nehemiah; a descendant of the royal house of Judah. (
(ruins).
(ruin of Abarim), one of the later halting-places of the children of Israel. (
(a ruin), a town in the north of Palestine, belonging to the tribe of Naphtali. It was taken and plundered by the captains of Ben-hadad, (
(perverse), the father of Ira the Tekoite. (
(exalted), an Ahohite, one of the heroes of David’s guard (
an extensive district lying along the eastern coast of the Adriatic, from the boundary of Italy on the north of Epirus on the south, and contiguous to Moessia and Macedonia on the east. (
[Idol]
(whom God will fill up), father or progenitor of Micaiah the prophet. (
that is, God with us, the title applied by the apostle Matthew to the Messiah, born of the Virgin, (
(talkative).
(holding back), a descendant of Asher, son of Helem. (
(holding back).
(stubborn), a descendant of Asher, of the family of Zophah (
from the Latin “to burn,” “a mixture of gums or spices and the like, used for the purpose of producing a perfume when burned;” or the perfume itself of the spices, etc., burned in worship. The incense employed in the service of the tabernacle walls compounded of the perfumes stacte, onycha, galbanum and pure frankincense. All incense which was not made of these ingredients was forbidden to be offered. (
The name of India does not occur in the Bible before the book of Esther where it is noticed as the limit of the territories of Ahasuerus in the east, as Ethiopia was in the west. (
[Heir]
[Writing]
The Hebrew word (malon) thus rendered literally signified “a lodging-place for the night.” Inns, in our sense of the term were, as they still are, unknown in the East, where hospitality is religiously practiced. The khans or caravanserais are the representatives of European inns, and these were established but gradually. The halting-place of a caravan was selected originally on account of its proximity to water or pasture, by which the travellers pitched their tents and passed the night. Such was undoubtedly the “inn” at which occurred the Incident in the life of Moses narrated in (
Dr. Knapp given as the definition of inspiration, “an extra-ordinary divine agency upon teachers while giving instruction, whether oral or written, by which they were taught what and how they should write or speak.“ Without deciding on any of the various theories of inspiration, the general doctrine of Christians is that the Bible is so inspired by God that it is the infallible guide of men, and is perfectly trustworthy in all its parts, as given by God.
in the Authorized Version, means urgent, urgently or fervently, as will be seen from the following passages: (
(whom Jehovah frees), a descendant of Benjamin, one of the Bene-Shashak. (
(city). (
(watchful of a city).
(fleet), son of Enoch; grandson of Cain, and father of Mehujael. (
(belonging to a city), a leader of the Edomites, (
or Ir (belonging to a city), a Benjamite, son of Bela. (
(seen by the Lord), son of Shelemiah, a captain in the ward, who met Jeremiah in the gate of Jerusalem called the “gate of Benjamin” accused him of being about to desert to the Chaldeans; and led him back to the princes. (
(serpent city), a name which, like many other names of places, occurs in the genealogical lists of Judah. (
is mentioned with brass as the earliest of known metals. (
(pious), one of the cities of Naphtali, (
(God heals), one of the cities of Benjamin. (
(city of the sun), a city of the Danites (
(watch), the eldest son of the great Caleb son of Jephunneh. (
(laughter), the son whom Sara bore to Abraham, in the hundredth year of his age, at Gerar. (B.C. 1897.) In his infancy he became the object of Ishmael’s jealousy; and in his youth the victim, in intention, of Abraham’s great sacrificial act of faith. When forty years old he married Rebekah his cousin, by whom, when he was sixty, he had two sons, Esau and Jacob. Driven by famine to Gerar, he acquired great wealth by his flocks but was repeatedly dispossessed by the Philistines of the wells which he sunk at convenient stations. After the deceit by which Jacob acquired his father’s blessing Isaac sent his son to seek a wife in Padan-aram; and all that we know of him during the last forty-three years of his life in that he saw that God, with a large and prosperous family, return to him at Hebron. (
the prophet, son of Amoz. The Hebrew name signifies Salvation of Jahu (a shortened form of Jehovah), He prophesied concerning Judah and Jerusalem in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz and Hezekiah, kings of Judah, (
I. Chapters 1-5 contain Isaiah’s prophecies in the reigns of Uzziah and Jotham, foretelling that the present prosperity of Judah should be destroyed, and that Israel should be brought to desolation. In chs. 6, 7 he announces the birth of the child Immanuel, which in ch. 9 is more positively predicted. Chs. 9-12 contain additional prophecies against Israel, chs. (
(one who looks forth), daughter of Haran the brother of Abram, and sister of Milcah and of Lot. (
(man of Kerioth). [Judas Iscariot ISCARIOT]
(praising), a man in the line of Judah, commemorated as the “father of Eshtemos.” (
(left behind), a son of Abraham and Keturah, (
(he that dwells at Nobl), son of Rapha, one of the race of Philistine giants, who attacked David in battle, but was slain by Abishai. (
(man of shame) the youngest of Saul’s four sons, and his legitimate successor. (B.C. 1068.) Ish-bosheth was “forty years old when he began to reign over Israel, and reigned two years.” (
(my husband). This word occurs in (
(salutary).
(whom Jehovah lends), the fifth of the five sons of Izrahiah, one of the heads of the tribe of Issachar in the time of David. (
(whom Jehovah lends), a lay Israelite of the Bene-Harim who had married a foreign wife. (
(desolation), a name in the genealogy of Judah. (
(whom God hears).
(decendant of Ishmael). [Ishmael]
(Jehovah hears), son of Obadiah; the ruler of the tribe of Zebulun in the time of King David. (
(
(whom Jehovah keeps), a Benjamite, one of the family of Elpaal. (
(man of glory), one of the tribe of Manasseh on the east of Jordan, son of Hammoleketh. (
(bald), a Benjamite, one of the family of Shashak. (
(men of Tob), apparently one of the small kingdoms or states which formed part of the general country of Aram, named with Zobah, Rehob and Maacah. (
(quiet), the second son of Asher. (
(quiet), the third son of Asher, (
(quiet), the second son of Saul by his wife Ahinoam (
The radical sense of the Hebrew word seems to be “habitable places,” as opposed to water, and in this sense it occurs in (
(Jehovah hears), a Gibeonite, one of the chiefs of those warriors, who joined David at Ziklag. (
(whom Jehovah upholds), a Levite who was one of the overseers of offerings during the revival under King Hezekiah. (
(bald), a Benjamite of the family of Beriah; one of the heads of his tribe. (
(the prince that prevails with God).
I. the kingdom.—The prophet Ahijah of Shiloh, who was commissioned in the latter days of Solomon to announce the division of the kingdom, left one tribe (Judah) to the house of David, and assigned ten to Jeroboam. (
(descendant of Israel). In (
(reward). I. The ninth son of Jacob and the fifth of Leah. (
(whom Jehovah lends).
(
(quiet), second son of Asher. (
(quiet), third son of Asher, (
[Army]
This word is used in the New Testament, (
(with the Lord), a Benjamite, son of Ribai of Gibeah, one of the heroes of David’s guard. (
(land of palms), the youngest son of Aaron. (
(God is with me).
(bereavedness), a Moabite, one of the heroes of David’s guard. (
(given), one of the towns in the extreme south of Judah. (
(excellence), an Israelite, (
(excellence).
(abundance of people), son of David, born to him in Hebron, and distinctly specified as the sixth, and as the child of Eglah, David’s wife. (
(belonging to Jether), The, the designation of two of the members of David’s guard, Ira and Gareb. (
(time of the judge), one of the landmarks of the boundary of Zebulun. (
(with the Lord).
(land of Jether), a small province on the northwestern border of Palestine, lying along the base of Mount Hermon, only mentioned in (
(ruined), or A’va, which is mentioned in Scripture twice, (
The word translated “ivory” literally signifies the “tooth” of any animal, and hence more especially denotes the substance of the projecting tusks of elephants. The skilled work-men of Hiram, king of Tyre, fashioned the great ivory throne of Solomon, and overlaid it with pure gold. (
(oil), the form in which the name Izhar is given in the Authorized Version of (
(descendant of Izhar), The. A family of Kohathite Levites, descended from Izhar the son of Kohath, (
(oil), son of Kohath grandson of Levi, uncle of Aaron and Moses and father of Korah. (
(whom Jehovah causes to sparkle), a chieftain of Issachar. (
(descendant of Zerah), The, the designation of Shamhuth (
(creator), a Levite leader of the fourth course or ward in the service of the house of God. (
(he shall surround), the same as Jakan, the forefather of Bene-Jaakan. (10:6)
(supplanter), one of the princes of the families of Simeon. (
(wild she-goat). Bene-Jaala were among the descendants of “Solomon’s slaves” who returned from Babylon with Zerubbabel. (
(wild goat). (
(whom God hides), a son of Esau, (
(whom Jehovah answers), a chief man in the tribe of Gad. (
(forests of the weavers), (
(whom Jehovah made), one of the Bene-Bani who had married a foreign wife. (
(whom God comforts), son of the great Abner. (
(whom Jehovah hears).
(Jehovah helps), a town on the east of Jordan, in or near to Gilead. (
(whom Jehovah comforts), apparently a third son, or a descendant, or Merari the Levite. (
(whom Jehovah comforts), one of the Levites appointed by David to perform the musical service before the ark. (
(stream), the son of Lamech and Adah, (
(emptying), a stream which intersects the mountain range of Gilead, comp. (
(dry).
(sorrow).
(whom God observes).
(building of God).
(building of God), (
(affliction), one of seven chief men of the tribe of Gad. (
(he shall establish).
a precious stone, forming one of the foundations of the walls of the new Jerusalem. (
(supplanter), the second son of Isaac and Rebekah. He was born with Esau, probably at the well of Lahai-roi, about B.C. 1837. His history is related in the latter half of the book of Genesis. He bought the birthright from his brother Esau, and afterward acquired the blessing intended for Esau, by practicing a well-known deceit on Isaac. (Jacob did not obtain the blessing because of his deceit, but in spite of it. That which was promised he would have received in some good way; but Jacob and his mother, distrusting God’s promise, sought the promised blessing in a wrong way, and received with it trouble and sorrow.—ED.) Jacob, in his 78th year, was sent from the family home to avoid his brother, and to seek a wife among his kindred in Padan-aram. As he passed through Bethel, God appeared to him. After the lapse of twenty-one years he returned from Padan-aram with two wives, two concubines, eleven sons and a daughter, and large property. He escaped from the angry pursuit of Laban, from a meeting with Esau, and from the vengeance of the Canaanites provoked by the murder of Shechem; and in each of these three emergencies he was aided and strengthened by the interposition of God, and in sign of the grace won by a night of wrestling with God his name was changed at Jabbok into Israel. Deborah and Rachel died before he reached Hebron; Joseph, the favorite son of Jacob, was sold into Egypt eleven years before the death of Isaac; and Jacob had probably exceeded his 130th year when he went tither. He was presented to Pharaoh, and dwelt for seventeen years in Rameses and Goshen, and died in his 147th year. His body was embalmed, carried with great care and pomp into the land of Canaan, and deposited with his fathers, and his wife Leah, in the cave of Machpelah. The example of Jacob is quoted by the first and the last of the minor prophets. Besides the frequent mention of his name in conjunction with the names of the other two patriarchs, there are distinct references to the events in the life of Jacob in four books of the New Testament - (
a deep spring in the vicinity of Shechem (called Sychar in Christ’s time and Nablus at the present day). It was probably dug by Jacob whose name it bears. On the curb of the well Jesus sat and discoursed with the Samaritan woman. (
(wise), son of Onam and brother of Shammai, in the genealogy of the sons of Jerahmeel by his wife Atarah. (
(loving), one of the Bene-Nebo who had taken a foreign wife. (
(known).
(judge), the Meronothite, who assisted to repair the wall of Jerusalem. (
(mountain goat), the wife of Heber the Kenite. (B.C. 1316.) In the headlong rout which followed the defeat of the Canaanites by Barak, at Megiddo on the plain of Esdraelon, Sisera, their general, fled to the tent of the Kenite chieftainess, at Kedesh in Naphtali, four miles northwest of Lake Merom. He accepted Jael’s invitation to enter, and she flung a mantle over him as he lay wearily on the floor. When thirst prevented sleep, and he asked for water, she brought him buttermilk in her choicest vessel. At last, with a feeling of perfect security, he feel into a deep sleep. Then it was that Jael took one of the great wooden pins which fastened down the cords of the tent, and with one terrible blow with a mallet dashed it through Sisera’s temples deep into the earth. (
(lodging), a town of Judah, one of those farthest to the south, on the frontier of Edom. (
(Jehovah), the abbreviated form of Jehovah, used only in poetry. It occurs frequently in the Hebrew, but with a single exception, (
(union).
(trodden down). Under these four forms is given in the Authorized Version the name of a place which in the Hebrew appears as Yahats and Yahtsah . At Jahaz the decisive battle was fought between the children of Israel and Sihon king of the Amorites. (
(trodden down). (
(trodden down). (
(whom God watches over)
(whom Jehovah directs), a man who appears to be thrust abruptly into the genealogy of Caleb, as the father of six sons. (
(whom Jehovah makes joyful), a chieftain of Manasseh on the east of Jordan. (
(united), a Gadite, (
(hoping in Jehovah), the third of the three sons of Zebulun, (
(whom Jehovah guards), a man of Issachar, one of the heads of the house of Tolah. (
(whom Jehovah watches over), son of Tikvah, apparently a priest. (
(trodden down). (
(whom God allots), the first of the four sons of Naphtali, (
(whom God leads back), a priest of the house of Immer. (
(whom God allots), the same as Jahzeel. (
(enlightener).
(descendant of Jair). The Ira THE JAIRITE was a priest (Authorized Version “chief ruler”) to David (
(whom God enlightens).
(who gathers the people together), a Levite in the time of King David; fourth of the sons of Hebron, the son of Kohath. (
(sagacious), son of Ezer the Horite. (
(pious). [Proverbs, Book Of, Book OF]
(whom God sets up).
(abiding), one of the sons of Ezra. (
[Jannes AND JAMBRES]
(the Greek form of Jacob, supplanter).
called the Less because younger or smaller in stature than James the son of Zebedee. He was the son of Alpheus or Clopas and brother of our Lord (see above); was called to the apostolate, together with his younger brother Jude, in the spring of the year 28. At some time in the forty days that intervened between the resurrection and the ascension the Lord appeared to him. (
The author of this epistle was in all probability James the son of Alphaeus, and our Lord’s brother It was written from Jerusalem, which St. James does not seem to have ever left. It was probably written about A.D. 62, during the interval between Paul’s two imprisonments. Its main object is not to teach doctrine, but to improve morality. St. James is the moral teacher of the New Testament. He wrote for the Jewish Christians, whether in Jerusalem or abroad, to warn them against the sins to which as Jews they were most liable, and to console and exhort them under the sufferings to which as Christians they were most exposed.
(right hand).
(whom God makes king), one of the chief men of the tribe of Simeon. (
[Jabneel]
(flourishing), son of Joseph, and father of Melchi, in the genealogy of Christ. (
and Jam’bres, the names of two Egyptian magicians who opposed Moses.
(rest), a place apparently in the north of Galilee, or the “land of Naphtali,”—one of those taken by Tiglath-pileser in his first incursion into Palestine. (
(rest), a place on the boundary of Ephraim (
(slumber), a town of Judah in the mountain district, apparently not far from Hebron. (
(enlargement), one of the three sons of Noah. The descendants of Japheth occupied the “isles of the Gentiles,” (
(splendid).
(splended) The boundary of Zebulun ascended from Daberath to Japhia, and thence passed to Gath-hepher. (
(the Japhletite). The boundary of the “Japhletite” is one of the landmarks on the south boundary line of Ephraim. (
(whom God delivers) a descendant of Asher through Beriah. (
(beauty). (
(honey), a descendant of Saul; son of Micah and great-grandson of Mephibosheth. (
(adversary) is to be explained either as the proper name of a country or person, as a noun in apposition, or as a verb from a root, rub, “to contend plead.” All these senses are represented in the Authorized Version and the marginal readings, (
(descent), one of the antediluvian patriarchs, and further of Enoch (
(whom Jehovah nourishes), a Benjamite, one of the Bene-Jehoram. (
the Egyptian servant of Sheshan, about the time of Eli, to whom his master gave his daughter and heir in marriage; (
(adversary).
(heights).
(high).
(moon), a chief man of the tribe of Gad (
(sleeping). Bene-Jashen—“sons of Jashen”— are named in the catalogue of the heroes of David’s guard in (
(upright),Book of (“the book of the upright”), alluded to in two passages only of the Old Testament. (
(to whom the people turn), named first among the chief of the mighty men of David. (
(he turns).
(turner back for food), a person or a place named among the descendants of Shelah, the son of Judah by Bath-shua the Canaanitess. (
(whom God made), the last named on the list of David’s heroes in (
(one who will heal), called the Thessalonian, entertained Paul and Silas, and was in consequence attacked by the Jewish mob. (
a precious stone frequently noticed in Scripture. It was the last of the twelve inserted in the high priest’s breastplate, (
(whom God gives), a Korhite Levite, the fourth of the family of Meshelemiah. (
(pre-eminent), a town of Judah in the mountain districts, (
(clay).
(Jehovah helps). [Jaazer, Or Jazer]
(whom God moves), a Hagarite who had charge of the flocks of King David. (
(forests), Mount, a place named in specifying the northern boundary of Judah. (
(whom Jehovah leads), a Gershonite Levite, son of Zerah. (
(whom Jehovah blesses), father of a certain Zechariah, in the reign of Ahaz, mentioned (
(threshing-floor), one of the names of Jerusalem, the city of the Jebusites, are called Jebusi. (
(from Jebus), the name employed for the city of Jebus. (
(descendants of Jebus), The, were descended from the third son of Canaan. (
(whom Jehovah gathers), one of seven who were introduced into the royal line, on the failure of it in the person of Jehoiachin. (
(strong through Jehovah) wife of Amaziah king of Judah, and mother of Azariah or Uzziah his successor. (
The same as Jecholiah. (
(whom Jehovah establishes). [See Jehoiachin]
the Greek form of Jeconiah, an altered form of Jehoiachin. [Jehoiachin]
(praise Jehovah).
(known of God).
(one beloved), queen of Amon and mother of the good king Josiah. (
(beloved of Jehovah), Jedid-jah (darling of Jehovah), the name bestowed, through Nathan the prophet, on David’s son Solomon. (
(praising), a Levite of the family of Merari, is probably the same as Ethan. Comp. (
(father of help), (
(heap of testimony), the Aramaean name given by Laban the Syrian to the heap of stones which he erected as a memorial of the compact between Jacob and himself. (
(who praises God). Four men of the Bene-Jehaleleel are introduced abruptly into the genealogies of Judah. (
(who praises God), a Merarite Levite, father of Azariah. (
(whom Jehovah makes glad).
(whom God makes strong), a priest to whom was given by David the charge of the twentieth of the twenty-four courses in the service of the house of Jehovah. (
(Jehovah lives), “doorkeeper for the ark” at the time of its establishment in Jerusalem. (
(treasured of God), a perfectly distinct name from the last.
(God lives).
(a Jehielite), according to the Authorized Version a Gershonite Levite of the family of Laadan. (
(Jehovah strengthens), son of Shallum, one of the heads of the tribe of Ephraim in the time of Ahaz. (
(whom Jehovah adorns), one of the descendants of Saul. (
(Whom Jehovah adorns), queen to King Josiah, and mother of Amaziah of Judah. (
(whom the Lord sustains).
(given by the Lord), the uncontracted form of Joash.
(whom Jehovah gave), a name of which John is the contraction.
(whom Jehovah has appointed), son of Jehoiakim, and for three months and ten days king of Judah. (B.C. 597.) At his accession Jerusalem was quite defenseless, and unable to offer any resistance to the army which Nebuchadnezzar sent to besiege it. (
(Jehovah knows).
(whom Jehovah sets up), called Eliakim, son of Josiah and king of Judah. After deposing Jehoahaz, Pharaoh-necho set Eliakim, his elder brother, upon the throne, and changed his name to Jehoiakim, B.C. 608-597. For four years Jehoiakim was subject toi Egypt, when Nebuchadnezzar, after a short siege, entered Jerusalem, took the king prisoner, bound him in fetters to carry him to Babylon, and took also some of the precious vessels of the temple and carried them to the land of Shinar. Jehoiakim became tributary to Nebuchadnezzar after his invasion of Judah, and continued so for three years, but at the end of that time broke his oath of allegiance and rebelled against him. (
(whom Jehovah defends), head of the first of the twenty-four courses of priests. (
(whom Jehovah impels) and Jon’adab, the son of Rechab, founder of the Rechabites, an Arab chief. When Jehu was advancing, after the slaughter of Betheked, on the city of Samaria, he was suddenly met by Jehonadab, who joined with him in “slaying all that remained unto Ahab.” (
(whom Jehovah gave).
(whom Jehovah has exalted).
(whose oath is Jehovah). (
(whom Jehovah judges.)
(valley of the judgment of Jehovah), a valley mentioned by Joel only, as the spot in which, after the return of Judah and Jerusalem from captivity, Jehovah would gather all the heathen, (
(Jehovah’s oath), daughter of Joram king of Israel, and wife of jehoiada the high priest. (
(whose help is Jehovah; Help of Jehovah or savoiur). In this form is given the name of Joshua in (
in the genealogy of Ephraim. (
(I am; the eternal living one). The Scripture appellation of the supreme Being, usually interpreted as signifying self-derived and permanent existence. The Jews scrupulously avoided every mention of this name of God, substituting in its stead one or other of the words with whose proper vowel-points it may happen to be written. This custom, which had its origin in reverence, was founded upon an erroneous rendering of (
(Jehovah will see or provide), the name given by Abraham to the place on which he had been commanded to offer Isaac, to commemorate the interposition of the angel of Jehovah, who appeared to prevent the sacrifice, (
(Jehovah my banner), the name given by Moses to the altar which he built in commemoration of the discomfiture of the Amalekites. (
(Jehovah (is) peace), or, with an ellipsis, “Jehovah the God of peace.” The altar erected by Gideon in Orphrah was so called in memory of the salutation addressed to him by the angel of Jehovah, “Peace be unto thee.” (
(whom Jehovah gave).
(Jehovah justifies), usually called Jozadak or Josedech. He was the son of the high priest Seraiah. (
(the living).
(protected), a man of Asher, son of Shamer or Shomer, of the house of Beriah. (
(able), son of Shelemiah; one of two persons sent by King Zedekiah to Jeremiah to entreat his prayers and advice. (
(praised), one of the towns of the tribe of Dan, (
(a Jew), son of Nethaniah, a man employed by the princes of Jehoiakim’s court to fetch Baruch to read Jeremiah’s denunciation, (
(the Jewess). There is really no such name in the Hebrew Bible as that which our Authorized Version exhibits at (
(to whom God hastens), son of eshek, a remote descendant of Saul. (
(treasured of God).
(what God gathers), a fuller form of the name of Kabzeel, the most remote city of Judah on the southern frontier. (
(whom Jehovah gathers), son of Shallum, in the line of Ahlai. (
a man recorded in the genealogies of Judah. (
(dove), the eldest of the three daughters born to Job after the restoration of his prosperity. (
(day of God), the eldest son of Simeon. (
(whom God sets free), (
(whom God sets free), A judge about B.C. 1143-1137. His history is contained in (
(for whom a way is prepared).
(the moon), the fourth in order of the sons of Joktan, (
(mercy of God).
(descendants of Jerahmeel), The, the tribe descended from the first of the foregoing persons. (
(descent).
(dwelling in heights), a layman, one of the Bene-Hashum, who was compelled by Ezra to put away his foreign wife. (
Seven other persons bearing the same name as the prophet are mentioned in the Old Testament:—
(whom Jehovah has appointed) was “the son of Hilkiah of the priests that were in Anathoth.” (
“There can be little doubt that the book of Jeremiah grew out of the roll which Baruch wrote down at the prophet’s mouth in the fourth year of Jehoiakim. ch. (
the Greek form of the name of Jeremiah the prophet. (
(heights).
the prophet Jeremiah. (
a Kohathite Levite, chief of the great house of Hebron when David organized the service. (
(whom Jehovah defends), one of the Bene-Elnaan, named among the heroes of David’s guard. (
(place of fragrance), a city of high antiquity, situated in a plain traversed by the Jordan, and exactly over against where that river was crossed by the Israelites under Joshua. (
(people of God), a man of Issachar, one of the six heads of the house of Tola. (
(people of Jehovah). [See Jeriah]
(heights).
(curtains), one of the elder Caleb’s wives. (
(whose people are many).
(cherished).
(contender with Baal), the surname of Gideon, which he acquired in consequence of destroying the altar of Baal, when his father defended him from the vengeance of the Abiezrites. (
(contender with the shame), a name of Gideon. (
(founded by God), The wilderness of, the place in which Jehoshaphat was informed by Jahaziel the Levite that he should encounter the hordes of Ammon, Moab and the Mehunims. (
(the habitation of peace), Jerusalem stands in latitude 31 degrees 46’ 35” north and longitude 35 degrees 18’ 30” east of Greenwich. It is 32 miles distant from the sea and 18 from the Jordan, 20 from Hebron and 36 from Samaria. “In several respects,” says Dean Stanley, “its situation is singular among the cities of Palestine. Its elevation is remarkable; occasioned not from its being on the summit of one of the numerous hills of Judea, like most of the towns and villages, but because it is on the edge of one of the highest table-lands of the country. Hebron indeed is higher still by some hundred feet, and from the south, accordingly (even from Bethlehem), the approach to Jerusalem is by a slight descent. But from any other side the ascent is perpetual; and to the traveller approaching the city from the east or west it must always have presented the appearance beyond any other capital of the then known world—we may say beyond any important city that has ever existed on the earth—of a mountain city; breathing, as compared with the sultry plains of Jordan, a mountain air; enthroned, as compared with jericho or Damascus, Gaza or Tyre, on a mountain fastness.”—S. & P. 170,
(possessed), daughter of Zadok and queen of Uzziah. (
(possessed). (
(salvation of Jehovah).
(salvation of Jehovah).
(old), a town which, with its dependent villages, was one of the three taken from Jeroboam by Abijah. (
(right before God), son of Asaph, and head of the seventh of the twenty-four wards into which the musicians of the Levites were divided. (
(father’s seat), head of the fourteenth course of priests. (
(uprightness), one of the sons of Caleb the son of Hezron by his wife Azubah. (
(a wilderness), a name which occurs in (
(descended from an old man), one of the ancestors of the Gadites who dwelt in Gilead. (
(whom Jehovah casts down), a chief of the Simeonites, descended from Shimei. (
(whom Jehovah helps), one of the towns reinhabited by the people of Judah after the return from captivity. (
(a saviour), another form of the name of Joshua of Jesus.
a priest in the reign of David, (
(supremely happy), and once by mistake in Authorized Version Jesurun, (
(whom Jehovah lends).
(whom God makes), a Simeonite chief of the family of Shimei. (
(wealthy), the father of David, was the son of Obed, who again was the fruit of the union of Boaz and the Moabitess Ruth. His great-grandmother was Rahab the Canaanite, of Jericho. (
(even, level), the son of Asher, whose descendants the Jesuites were numbered in the plains of Moab at the Jordan of Jericho. (
(the posterity of Jesui), The, a family of the tribe of Asher. (
[Jeshurun]
called Jestus, a Christian who was with St. Paul at Rome. (
(saviour).
“The life and character of Jesus Christ,” says Dr. Schaff, “is the holy of holies in the history of the world.”
(his excellence).
(a nail), one of the “dukes” who came of Esau. (
(height), one of the cities of the tribe of Dan. (
(his excellence) was priest or prince of Midian. Moses married his daughter Zipporah. (B.C. 1530.) On account if his local knowledge he was entreated to remain with the Israelites throughout their journey to Canaan. (
(an enclosure). (
a chief man of Judah, one of the Bene-Zerah. (
(assembler).
(counsellor), head of a Benjamite house. (
(a man of Judea). This name was properly applied to a member of the kingdom of Judah after the separation of the ten tribes. The term first makes its appearance just before the captivity of the ten tribes. The term first makes it appearance just before the captivity of the ten tribes. (
[Stones, Precious, PRECIOUS]
a woman of Hebrew birth, without distinction of tribe. (
of or belonging to Jews; an epithet applied to their rabbinical legends. (
(the country of Judea), the same word elsewhere rendered Judah and Judea. It occurs several times in the Apocalypse and the New Testament, but once only in the Old Testament— (
(whom Jehovah hears), the son of Hoshaiah the Maachathite, and one of the captains of the forces who had escaped from Jerusalem during the final attack of the beleaguering army of the Chaldeans. (B.C. 588.) When the Babylonians had departed, Jezaniah, with the men under his command, was one of the first who returned to Gedaliah at Mizpah. In the events which followed the assassination of that officer Jezaniah took a prominent part. (
(chaste), wife of Ahab king of Israel. (B.C. 883.) She was a Phoenician princess, daughter of Ethbaal king of the Zidonians. In her hands her husband became a mere puppet. (
(power), the third son of Naphtali, (
(whom Jehovah expiates), a descendant of Parosh, who had married a foreign wife. (
(the assembly of God), a Benjamite who joined David at Ziklag. (
(whom God will preserve), a Benjamite of the sons of Elpaal. (
(whiteness), the son of Helah, one of the wives of Asher. (
(produced by Jehovah), a Levite, the leader of the choristers at the solemn dedication of the wall of Jerusalem under Nehemiah. (
(seed of God), a descendant of the father or founder of Etam, of the line of Judah. (
a woman of Jezreel. (
(pleasant), one of the sons of Tola, the son of Issachar. (
(weeping), a son of Nahor. (
(prosperity), the first-born of Asher. (
descendants of the preceding. (
(lamentation), a city of Judah, on the extreme south boundary of the tribe, next to Edom. (
(whom God sets free), one of the cities of Judah in the maritime lowland, or Shefelah. (
(which God opens), The valley of, a valley which served as one of the landmarks for the boundary of both Zebulun, (
(the two cities).
(whom Jehovah favors), high priest after his father Eliashib. (
(whose father is Jehovah), the most remarkable of the three nephews of David, the children of Zeruiah, David’s sister. (B.C. 1053-1012.) Joab first appears after David’s accession to the throne at Hebron. Abner slew in battle Asahel, the youngest brother of Joab; and when David afterward received Abner into favor, Joab treacherously murdered him. [Abner] There was now no rival left in the way of Joab’s advancement, and at the siege of Jebus he was appointed for his prowess commander-in-chief—“captain of the host.” In the wide range of wars which David undertook, Joab was the acting general. He was called by the almost regal title of “lord,” (
(whose brother (i.e. helper) is Jehovah).
(whom Jehovah holds), the father of Joah, the chronicler or keeper of the records to King Josiah. (
In Revised Version for Joanna, 1. (
(grace or gift of God) (in Revised Version spelled Joanan).
(to whom Jehovah hastens, i.e. to help), contracted from Jehoash.
= Jotham the son of Uzziah. (
the patriarch, from whom one of the books of the Old Testament is named. His residence in the land of Uz marks him as belonging to a branch of the Aramean race, which had settled in the lower part of Mesopatamia (Probably to the south or southeast of Palestine, in Idumean Arabia), adjacent to the Sabeans and Chaldeans. The opinions of Job and his friends are thus peculiarly interesting as exhibiting an aspect of the patriarchal religion outside of the family of Abraham, and as yet uninfluenced by the legislation of Moses. The form of worship belongs essentially to the early patriarchal type; with little of ceremonial ritual, without a separate priesthood, it is thoroughly domestic in form and spirit. Job is represented as a chieftain of immense wealth and high rank, blameless in all the relations of life. What we know of his history is given in the book that bears his name.
(persecuted), the third son of Issachar, (
This book has given rise to much discussion and criticism, some believing the book to be strictly historical; others a religious fiction; others a composition based upon facts. By some the authorship of the work was attributed to Moses, but it is very uncertain. Luther first suggested the theory which, in some form or other, is now most generally received. He says, “I look upon the book of Job as a true history, yet I do not believe that all took place just as it is written, but that an ingenious, pious and learned man brought it into its present form.” The date of the book is doubtful, and there have been many theories upon the subject. It may be regarded as a settled point that the book was written long before the exile, probably between the birth of Abraham and the exodus of the Israelites from Egypt—B.C. 2000-1800. If by Moses, it was probably written during his sojourn in Midian. “The book of Job is not only one of the most remarkable in the Bible, but in literature. As was said of Goliath’s sword, ’There is none like it;’ none in ancient or in modern literature.”—Kitto. “A book which will one day, perhaps, be seen towering up alone far above all the poetry of the world.”—J.A. Froude. “The book of Job is a drama, and yet subjectively true. The two ideas are perfectly consistent. It may have the dramatic form, the dramatic interest, the dramatic emotion, and yet be substantially a truthful narrative. The author may have received it in one of three ways: the writer may have been an eyewitness; or have received it from near contemporary testimony; or it may have reached him through a tradition of whose substantial truthfulness he has no doubt. There is abundant internal evidence that the scenes and events recorded were real scenes and real events to the writer. He gives the discussions either as he had heard them or as they had been repeated over and over in many an ancient consensus . The very modes of transmission show the deep impression it had made in all the East, as a veritable as well as marvellous event.”—Tayler Lewis. the design of the book.—Stanley says that “The whole book is a discussion of that great problem of human life: what is the intention of Divine Providence in allowing the good to suffer?” “The direct object is to show that, although goodness has a natural tendency to secure a full measure of temporal happiness, yet that in its essence it is independent of such a result. Selfishness in some form is declared to be the basis on which all apparent goodness rests. That question is tried in the case of Job.”—Cook. Structure of the book .-The book consists of five parts:— I. Chs. 1-3. The historical facts. II. Chs. 4-31. The discussions between Job and his three friends. III. Chs. 32-37. Job’s discussion with Elihu. IV. Chs. 38-41. The theophany—God speaking out of the storm. V. Ch. 42. The successful termination of the trial. It is all in poetry except the introduction and the close. The argument .—
(a desert).
(whose glory is Jehovah), the wife and at the same time the aunt of Amram and the mother of Moses and Aaron. (
in Revised Version for Juda. (
(for whom Jehovah is witness), a Benjamite, the son of Pedaiah. (
(to whom Jehovah is God).
(Jehovah helps), son of Jerohoam of Gedor. (
(whose help is Jehovah), a Korhite, one of David’s captains. (
(lofty), one of the cities on the east of Jordan which were built and fortified by the tribe of Gad when they took possession of their territory. (
(led into exile), the father of Bukki, a Danite chief. (
(Jehovah gives life).
(gift or grace of God).
the same name as Johanan, a contraction of Jehoanan, Jehovah’s gift .
was the son of Zebedee, a fisherman on the Lake of Galilee, and of Salome, and brother of James, also an apostle. Peter and James and John come within the innermost circle of their Lord’s friends; but to John belongs the distinction of being the disciple whom Jesus loved. He hardly sustains the popular notion, fostered by the received types of Christian art, of a nature gentle, yielding, feminine. The name Boanerges, (
was of the priestly race by both parents, for his father, Zacharias, was himself a priest of the course of Abia or Abijah, (
This Gospel was probably written at Ephesus about A.D. 78. (Canon Cook places it toward the close of John’s life, A.D. 90-100.—ED.) The Gospel was obviously addressed primarily to Christians, not to heathen. There can be little doubt that the main object of St. John, who wrote after the other evangelists, is to supplement their narratives, which were almost confined to our Lord’s life in Galilee. (It was the Gospel for the Church, to cultivate and cherish the spiritual life of Christians, and bring them into the closest relations to the divine Saviour. It gives the inner life and teachings of Christ as revealed to his disciples. Nearly two-thirds of the whole book belong to the last six months of our Lord’s life, and one-third is the record of the last week.—ED.) The following is an abridgment of its contents: A. The Prologue. ch. (
There can be no doubt that the apostle John was the author of this epistle. It was probably written from Ephesus, and most likely at the close of the first century. In the introduction, ch. (
The second epistle is addressed to an individual woman. One who had children, and a sister and nieces, is clearly indicated. According to one interpretation she is “the Lady Electa,” to another, “the elect Kyria,” to a third, “the elect Lady.” The third epistle is addressed to Caius or Gaius. He was probably a convert of St. John, Epist. (
(whom Jehovah sets up), a high priest, son of the renowned Jeshua. (
(whom Jehovah defends.)
(possessed by the people), a city of Judah, in the mountains, (
(whom Jehovah has set up), one of the sons of Shelah the son of Judah. (
(gathered by the people), a city of Ephraim, given with its suburbs to a Kohathite Levites. (
(possessed by the people), a city of the tribe of Zebulun, allotted with its suburbs to the Merarite Levites. (
(fowler), a son of Abraham and Keturah, (
(small), son of Eber, (
(subdued by God).
(a dove) (Greek form of Jonah), the father of the apostle Peter, (
(whom Jehovah impels).
(dove), the fifth of the minor prophets, was the son of Amittai, and a native of Gath-hepher. (
(gift or grace of God), the form given to Jonan in the Revised Version of (
(perhaps a contraction of Johnana, gift or grace of God), son of Eliakim, in the genealogy of Christ. (
(a dove).
that is, “the gift of Jehovah, ” the eldest son of King Saul. (B.C. about 1095-1056.) He was a man of great strength and activity. (
(a dumb love of (in) distant places), a phrase found once only in the Bible, as a heading to the 56th psalm. Aben Ezra, who regards Jonath-elem-rechokim as merely indicating the modulation or the rhythm of the psalm, appears to come the nearest to the meaning of the passage.
(beauty), now Jaffa, a town on the southwest coast of Palestine, in the portion of Dan. (
(the early rain), the ancestor of a family of 112 who returned from Babylon with Ezra. (
(whom Jehovah teaches), one of the Gadites dwelling at Gilead in Bashan, in the reign of Jothan king of Judah. (
(whom Jehovah has exalted).
(the descender), the one river of Palestine, has a course of little more than 200 miles, from the roots of Anti-Lebanon to the head of the Dead Sea. (136 miles in a straight line.—Schaff.) It is the river of the “great plain” of Palestine—the “descender,” if not “the river of God” in the book of Psalms, at least that of his chosen people throughout their history. There were fords over against Jericho, to which point the men of Jericho pursued the spies. (
(whom Jehovah has exalted), son of Matthat, in the genealogy of Christ. (
(paleness of the people), either a descendant of Caleb the son of Hezron, or the name of a place in the tribe of Judah. (
(whom Jehovah bestows), properly Jozabad the Gederathite, one of the warriors of Benjamin who joined David at Ziklag. (
= Jehoshaphat king of Judah. (
(another form of Joses), son of Eliezer, in the genealogy of Jesus Christ. (
the form of name given in the Revised Version for Joseph, in (
(whom Jehovah makes just), the son of Seraiah. (
(increase).
(exalted).
(whom Jehovah lets dwell), a prince of the house of Simeon. (
(whom Jehovah judges), the Mithnite, one of David’s guard. (
(whom Jehovah makes dwell), the son of Elnaam, and one of David’s guard. (
(a seat in a hard place), son of Heman, head of the seventeenth course of musicians. (
(saviour, or whose help is Jehovah). His name appears in the various forms of HosheaHOshea, Oshea, Jehoshua, Jeshua and Jesus.
Named from Joshua the son of Nun, who is the principal character in it. The book may be regarded as consisting of three parts:
(whom Jehovah heals).
Josiah, king of Judah. (
(to whom God gives a dwelling), the father of Jehu, a Simeonite. (
(whom Jehovah will increase), the father or ancestor of Shelomith, who returned with Ezra. (
the English form of the Greek iota, i.e., the smallest letter of the Greek alphabet. The Hebrew is yod, or y formed like a comma (’). It is used metaphorically to express the minutest thing.
(goodness), the native place of Meshullemeth, the queen of Manasseh. (
(goodness), (10:7;
(Jehovah is upright).
(Jehovah justifies).
(whom Jehovah has remembered), one of the murderers of Joash king of Judah. (
(whom Jehovah has made just). (
(music), a son of Lamech by Adah, and the inventor of the “harp and organ.” (
(powerful), son of Shelemiah. (
(praised).
(from Judah), a territorial division which succeeded to the overthrow of the ancient landmarks of the tribes of Israel and Judah in their respective captivities. The word first occurs (
(praised, celebrated), the fourth son of Jacob and the fourth of Leah. (B.C. after 1753.) Of Judah’s personal character more traits are preserved than of any other of the patriarchs, with the exception of Joseph, whose life he in conjunction with Reuben saved. (
Extent.—When the disruption of Solomon’s kingdom took place at Shechem, B.C. 975, only the tribe of Judah followed David, but almost immediately afterward the larger part of Benjamin joined Judah. A part, if no all, of the territory of Simeon, (
surnamed Barsabas, a leading member of the apostolic church at Jerusalem, (
the Greek form of the Hebrew name Judah, occurring in the LXX, and the New Testament.
(Judas of Kerioth). He is sometimes called “the son of Simon,” (
the leader of a popular revolt “in the days of the taxing” (i.e. the census, under the prefecture of P. Sulp. Quirinus, A.D. 6, A.U.C. 759), referred to by Gamaliel in his speech before the Sanhedrin. (
Among the brethren of our Lord mentioned by the people of Nazareth. (
Its author was probably Jude, one of the brethren of Jesus, the subject of the preceding article. There are no data from which to determine its date or place of writing, but it is placed about A.D. 65. The object of the epistle is plainly enough announced ver. 3; the reason for this exhortation is given ver.
called also LEBBEUS and Thaddeus, Authorized Version “Judas the brother of James,” one of the twelve apostles. The name of Jude occurs only once in the Gospel narrative. (
The judges were temporary and special deliverers, sent by God to deliver the Israelites from their oppressors; not supreme magistrates, succeeding to the authority of Moses and Joshua. Their power only extended over portions of the country, and some of them were contemporaneous. Their first work was that of deliverers and leaders in war; they then administered justice to the people, and their authority supplied the want of a regular government. Even while the administration of Samuel gave something like a settled government to the south, there was scope for the irregular exploits of Samson on the borders of the Philistines; and Samuel at last established his authority as judge and prophet, but still as the servant of Jehovah, only to see it so abused by his sons as to exhaust the patience of the people, who at length demanded a king, after the pattern of the surrounding nations. The following is a list of judges, whose history is given under their respective names:— First servitude, to Mesopotamia— 8 years. First judge: Othniel. 40 years. Second servitude, to Moab— 18 years. Second judge: Ehud; 80 years. Third judge: Shamgar.—- Third servitude, to Jabin and Sisera— 20 years. Fourth judge: Deborah and Barak. 40 years. Fourth servitude, to Midian— 7 years. Fifth judge: Gideon; 40 years. Sixth judge: Abimelech; 3 years. Seventh judge: Tola; 23 years. Eighth judge: Jair. 22 years. Fifth servitude, to Ammon— 18 years. Ninth judge: Jephthah; 6 years. Tenth judge: Ibzan; 7 years. Eleventh judge: Elon; 10 years. Twelfth judge: Abdon. 8 years. Sixth servitude, to the Philistines— 40 years. Thirteenth judge: Samson 20 years. Fourteenth judge: Eli; 40 years. Fifteenth judge: Samuel. More than likely some of these ruled simultaneously. On the chronology of the judges, see the following article.
of which the book or Ruth formed originally a part, contains a history from Joshua to Samson. The book may be divided into two parts:—
The word praetorium is so translated five times in the Authorized Version of the New Testament, and in those five passages it denotes two different places.
(Jewess, or praised).
one of the books of the Apocrypha, belongs to the earliest specimens of historical fiction. As to its authorship it belongs to the Maccabean period, B.C. 175-135, which it reflects not only in its general spirit, but even in its smaller traits.
(feminine of Julius), a Christian woman at Rome, probably the wife of Philologus, in connection with whom she is saluted by St. Paul. (
(soft-haired), the centurion of “Augustus’ band,” to whose charge St. Paul was delivered when he was sent prisoner from Caesarea to Rome. (
(belonging to Juno), a Christian at Rome, mentioned by St. Paul as one of his kinsfolk and fellow prisoners, of note among the apostles, and in Christ before St. Paul. (
Revised Version for Junia above. It is the more literal form.
(
(a father that helps), the Greek Zeus. The Olympian Zeus was the national god of the Hellenic race, as well as the supreme ruler of the heathen world, and as such formed the true opposite to Jehovah. Jupiter or Zeus is mentioned in two passages of the New Testament, on the occasion of St. Paul’s visit to Lystra, (
(whose love is returned), son of Zerubbabel. (
(just).
(stretched out), a city in the mountain region of Judah, in the neighborhood of Maon and Carmel. (
(gathered by God), one of the “cities” of the tribe of Judah, (
(Kadesh means holy ; it is the same word as the Arabic name of Jerusalem, el-Khuds . Barnea means, desert of wandering.) This place, the scene of Miriam’s death, was the farthest point which the Israelites reached in their direct road to Canaan; it was also that whence the spies were sent, and where, on their return, the people broke out into murmuring, upon which their strictly penal term of wandering began. (
(before God), one of the Levites who with his family returned from Babylon with Zerubbabel. (
(Orientals), The, a people named in (
(swift servant of Jehovah), a priest in the days of Joiakim the son of Jeshua. He represented the family of Sallai. (
(a place of reeds).
(bald), the father of Johanan and Jonathan, who supported Gedaliah’s authority and avenged his murder. (
(foundation), one of the landmarks on the south boundary of the tribe of Judah. (
(foundation), the place in which Zebah and Zalmunna were again routed by Gideon, (
(city), a town of Zebulun, allotted to the Merarite Levites. (
(double city), a city of Naphtali, allotted to the Gershonite Levites. (
(small), one of cities of the tribe of Zebulun. (
(dark-skinned), the second in order of the sons of Ishmael, (
(eastward), the youngest of the sons of Ishmael. (
(beginnings), one of the towns in the district east of the Dead Sea allotted to the tribe of Reuben, (
(a sanctuary).
properly Kidron. [Kidron, Or Kedron]
[See Cana]
(assembly), a desert encampment of the Israelites, (
(fortress), a city of the Shefelah, or lowland district of Judah. (
apparently a descendant of the great Caleb. (
(swift messenger of Jehovah) = Kelita. (
(assembly), one of the Levites who returned with Ezra. (
(congregation of God).
(possession) = Cainan, the son of Enos. (
(possession), one of the cities on the east of Jordan, with its “daughter-towns” (Authorized Version “villages”) taken possession of by a certain Nobah, who then called it by his own name, (
(hunting).
or Ken’izzite (descendant of Kenaz), (
and Ken’ites (smiths), The, inhabited the rocky and desert region between southern Palestine and the mountains of Sinai, east of the Gulf of Akabah. They were a branch of the larger nation of Midian,—from the fact that Jethro, who in Exodus (see (
(
(the horn of beauty), the youngest of the daughters of Job, born to him during the period of his reviving prosperity. (
(cities).
(curved), one of the Nethinim, whose descendants returned with Zerubbabel. (
a vessel for culinary or sacrificial purposes. (
(incense), the wife of Abraham after the death of Sarah. (
The key of a native Oriental lock is a piece of wood, from seven inches to two feet in length, fitted with the wires or short nails, which, being inserted laterally into the hollow bolt which serves as a lock, raises other pins within the staple so as to allow the bolt to be drawn back. (Keys were sometimes of bronze or iron, and so large that one was as much as a man could carry. They are used in Scripture as a symbol of authority and power. Giving keys to a person signifies the intrusting of him with an important charge. (
(cassia), the second of the daughters of Job born to him after his recovery. (
(cut off), The valley of, one of the “cities” of Benjamin, (
i.e. as in the margin, the graves of lust, a station of the Israelites in the wilderness, where, growing tired of manna and desiring flesh, they murmured, and God sent them quails in great abundance, but smote great numbers of them with a plague and they died. It is about three days journey from Sinai, and near the Gulf of Akabah and the Wady el Hudherah (Hazeroth.)
(two heaps), a city of Mount Ephraim, given up with its “suburbs” to the Kohathite Levites. (
[Goat]
(turbid), The brook, a torrent or valley, not a “brook,” or, as in the margin of Revised Version, “ravine;” Gr. winter torrent. It was close to Jerusalem, between the city and the Mount of Olives. it is now commonly known as the “valley of Jehoshaphat.” The channel of the valley of Jehoshaphat is nothing more than the dry bed of a wintry torrent, bearing marks of being occasionally swept over by a large volume of water. It was crossed by David in his flight, (
the plural of cow. [See Bull, Bullock]
“a chief ruler, one invested with supreme authority over a nation, tribe or country.”—Webster. In the Bible the word does not necessarily imply great power or great extent of country. Many persons are called kings whom we should rather call chiefs or leaders. The word is applied in the Bible to God as the sovereign and ruler of the universe, and to Christ the Son of God as the head and governor of the Church. The Hebrews were ruled by a king during a period of about 500 years previous to the destruction of Jerusalem, B.C. 586. The immediate occasion of the substitution of a regal form of government for that of judges seems to have been the siege of Jabesh-gilead by Nahash king of the Ammonites. (
of Judah and Israel. For the list see table at the end of this volume.
originally only one book in the Hebrew canon, from in the LXX. and the Vulgate the third and fourth books of Kings (the books of Samuel being the first and second). It must be remembered that the division between the books of Kings and Samuel is equally artificial, and that in point of fact the historical books commencing with Judges and ending with 2Kings present the appearance of one work, giving a continuous history of Israel from the time of Joshua to the death of jehoiachin. The books of Kings contain the history from David’s death and Solomon’s accession to the destruction of the kingdom of Judah and the desolation of Jerusalem, with a supplemental notice of an event that occurred after an interval of twenty-six years—viz., the liberation of Jehoiachin from his prison at Babylon—and a still further extension to Jehoiachin’s death, the time of which is not known, but which was probably not long after his liberation. The history therefore comprehends the whole time of the Israelitish monarchy, exclusive of the reigns of Saul and David. As regards the affairs of foreign nations and the relation of Israel to them, the historical notices in these books, though in the earlier times scanty, are most valuable, and in striking accord with the latest additions to our knowledge of contemporary profane history. A most important aid to a right understanding of the history in these books, and to the filling up of its outline, is to be found in the prophets, and especially in Isaiah and Jeremiah. Time when written.—They were undoubtedly written during the period of the captivity, probably after the twenty-sixth year. Authorship.—As regards the authorship of the books, but little difficulty presents itself. The Jewish tradition which ascribes them to Jeremiah is borne out by the strongest internal evidence, in addition to that of the language. Sources of information.—There was a regular series of state annals for both the kingdom of Judah and that of Israel, which embraced the whole time comprehended in the books of Kings, or at least to the end of the reign of Jehoiakim. (
(fortress) is mentioned by Amos, (
(fortress of Moab), one of the two chief strongholds of Moab, the other being Ar of Moab. The name occurs only in (
(brick fortress), (
apparently an ancient or archaic word, meaning a city or town. It may be compared to the word “burg” or “bury” in our own language. Closely related to Kiriah is Kereth, apparently a Phoenician form, which occurs occasionally. (
[KIRJATHAIM]
(two cities), a place in Moab the palaces of which were threatened by Amos with destruction by fire, (
(a city), the last of the cities enumerated as belonging to the tribe of Benjamin, (
(the city of Arba), an early name of the city which after the conquest is generally known as Hebron. (
(city of forests), an abbreviated form of the name Kirjath-jearim, which occurs only in (
[KIRJATH-JEARIM]
(city of streets), a place to which Balak accompanied Balaam immediately after his arrival in Moab, (
(the city of forests), first mentioned as one of the four cities of the Gibeonites, (
(city of books). [Debir]
(city of books). (
(a bow).
(bow of Jehovah), a Merarite, and father of ancestor of Ethan the minstrel. (
(hardness), one of the towns on the boundary of the tribe of Issachar, (
(winding), The river, a torrent or winter stream of central Palestine, the scene of two of the grandest achievements of Israelitish history—the defeat of Sisera,
(winding), an inaccurate mode of representing the name Kishon. (
Kissing the lips by way of affectionate salutation was customary among
near relatives of both sexes, in both patriarchal and later times.
(
(Heb. ayyah), a rapacious and keen-sighted bird of prey belonging to the hawk family. The Hebrew word thus rendered occurs in three passages— (
(man’s wall), one of the towns of Judah, in the Shefelah or lowland. (
(knotty), one of the towns from which Zubulun did not expel the Canaanites. (
Twice written in the Authorized Version for Chittim. (
[Bread]
a word employed in the Authorized Version to translate two terms which refer to some architectural or ornamental object, but which have nothing in common.
(he-camel) is a word which occurs only in (
(assembly), second of the three sons of Levi, from whom the three principal divisions of the Levites derived their origin and their name. (
(voice of Jehovah).
(baldness).
(
(partridge).
(bow of Jehovah), the same as Kish or Kishi, the father of Ethan the Merarite. (
(order), the son of Shelah and grandson of Judah. (
(put in order).
(white).
in Greece the inhabitants of Sparta or Lacedaemon, with whom the Jews claimed kindred.
the thong or fastening by which the sandal was attached to the foot. It occurs int he proverbial expression in (
(invincible), a city lying south of Jerusalem, on the borders of Simeon, and belonging to the Amorites, the king of which joined with four others, at the invitation of Adonizedek king of Jerusalem, to chastise the Gibeonites for their league with Israel. (
(of God), the father of Eliasaph. (
(oppression), son of Jahath, one of the descendants of Judah. (
(well of the living God), The well. In this form is given in the Authorized Version of (
(provisions), a town in the lowland district of Judah. (
(warrior), the brother of Goliath the Gittite, slain by Elhanan the son of Zair or Zaor. (
(lion), father of Phaltiel, to whom Saul had given Michal, David’s wife. (
(fortification), properly formed the landmarks of the boundary of Naphtali. (
are the young of sheep, but originally included also the young of goats. They formed an important part of almost every sacrifice. (
(powerful), properly Lemech.
Title.—The Hebrew title of this book, Ecah, is taken, like the titles of the five books of Moses, from the Hebrew word with which it opens. Author.—The poems included in this collection appear in the Hebrew canon with no name attached to them, but Jeremiah has been almost universally regarded as their author. Date.—The poems belong unmistakably to the last days of the kingdom, or the commencement of the exile, B.C. 629-586. They are written by one who speaks, with the vividness and intensity of an eye-witness, of the misery which he bewails. Contents.—The book consists of five chapter, each of which, however, is a separate poem, complete in itself, and having a distinct subject, but brought at the same time under a plan which includes them all. A complicated alphabetic structure pervades nearly the whole book. (1) Chs. 1,2 and 4 contain twenty-two verses each, arranged in alphabetic order, each verse falling into three nearly balanced clauses; ch. (
This word is found in (
[Tongues, Confusion Of, CONFUSION OF]
(so called of its shining) occurs only in (
(justice of the people), a town in the Roman province of Asia situated in the valley of the Maeander, on a small river called the Lycus, with Colossae and Hierapolis a few miles distant to the west. Built, or rather rebuilt, by one of the Seleucid monarchs, and named in honor of his wife, Laodicea became under the Roman government a place of some importance. Its trade was considerable; it lay on the line of a great road; and it was the seat of a conventus . From the third chapter and seventeenth verse of Revelation we should gather it was a place of great wealth. Christianity was introduced into Laodicea, not, however, as it would seem, through the direct agency of St. Paul. We have good reason for believing that when, in writing from Rome to the Christians of Colossae, he sent a greeting to those of Laodicea, he had not personally visited either place. But the preaching of the gospel at Ephesus, (
the inhabitants of Laodicea. (
(torches), the inhabitants of Laodicea. (
(Heb. duciphath) occurs only in (
(
(fissure), a place noticed in (
(the plain), one of the Canaanite towns whose kings were killed by Joshua. (
the language spoken by the Romans, is mentioned only in (
[See Vulgate, The, THE]
this word is used for a latticed window or simply a network placed before a window or balcony. Perhaps the network through which Ahaziah fell and received his mortal injury was on the parapet of his palace. (
The word is properly used, in Scripture as elsewhere, to express a definite commandment laid down by any recognized authority; but when the word is used with the article, and without any words of limitation, it refers to the expressed will to God, and in nine cases out of ten to the Mosaic law, or to the Pentateuch of which it forms the chief portion. The Hebrew word torah (law) lays more stress on its moral authority, as teaching the truth and guiding in the right way; the Greek nomos (law), on its constraining power as imposed and enforced by a recognized authority. The sense of the word, however, extends its scope and assumes a more abstracts character in the writings of St. Paul. Nomos, when used by him with the article, still refers in general to the law of Moses; but when used without the article, so as to embrace any manifestation of “law,” it includes all powers which act on the will of man by compulsion, or by the pressure of external motives, whether their commands be or be not expressed in definite forms. The occasional use of the word “law” (as in (
It will be the object of this article to give a brief analysis of the substance of this law, to point out its main principles, and to explain the position which it occupies in the progress of divine revelation. In order to do this the more clearly, it seems best to speak of the law, 1st. In relation to the past; 2d. In its own intrinsic character.
The title “lawyer” is generally supposed to be equivalent to the title “scribe.” The scribe expounded the law in the synagogues and schools. [See Scribes]
This “formed at an early period a part of the ceremony observed on the appointment and consecration of persons to high and holy undertakings;” (and in the Christian Church was especially used in setting apart men to the ministry and to other holy offices. It is a symbolical act expressing the imparting of spiritual authority and power.—ED.)
(whom God helps), another form of the Hebrew name Eleazar.
This is one of the most common of metals, found generally in veins of rocks, though seldom in a metallic state, and most commonly in combination with sulphur. It was early known to the ancients, and the allusions to it in Scripture indicate that the Hebrews were well acquainted with its uses. The rocks in the neighborhood of Sinai yielded it in large quantities, and it was found in Egypt. In (
The word occurs in the Authorized Version either in singular or plural number in three different senses.
(wearied), the daughter of Laban. (
(falsehood). This word is retained in the Authorized Version of (
The notices of leather in the Bible are singularly few; indeed the word occurs but twice in the Authorized Version, and in each instance in reference to the same object, a girdle. (
Various substances were known to have fermenting qualities; but the ordinary leaven consisted of a lump of old dough in a high state of fermentation, which was mixed into the mass of dough prepared for baking. The use of leaven was strictly forbidden in all offerings made to the Lord by fire. During the passover the Jews were commanded to put every particle of leaven from the house. The most prominent idea associated with leaven in connection with the corruption which it had undergone, and which it communicated to bread in the process of fermentation. It is to this property of leaven that our Saviour points when he speaks of the “leaven (i.e. the corrupt doctrine) of the Pharisees and of the Sadducees,” (
(white), one of the Nethinim whose descendants returned from Babylon with Zerubbabel. (
(white) in (
a mountain range in the north of Palestine. The name Lebanon signifies white, and was applied either on account of snow which, during a great part of the year, cover its whole summit, or on account of the white color of its limestone cliffs and peaks. It is the “white mountain”—the Mont Blane of Palestine. Lebanon is represented in Scripture as lying upon the northern border of the land of Israel. (1:7; 11:24;
(lionesses), a town which forms one of the last group of the cities of “the south” in the enumeration of the possessions of Judah, (
(a man of heart), one name of Jude, who was one of the twelve apostles.
(frankincense), a place named in (
(progress), a name mentioned in the genealogies of Judah, (
[HORSE-LEECH]
(Heb. chatsir). The leek was a bulbous vegetable resembling the onion. Its botanical name is Allium porrum. The Israelites in the wilderness longed for the leeks and onions of Egypt. (
the coarser parts of a liquor, its sediment or dregs. “Wine on the lees” means a generous, full-bodied liquor. (
the chief subdivision of the Roman army, containing about 6000 infantry, with a contingent of cavalry. The term does not occur in the Bible in its primary sense, but appears to have been adopted in order to express any large number, with the accessory ideas of order and subordination. (
(fiery, flaming), occurring only in (
(jaw bone), a place in Judah, probably on the confines of the Philistines’ country, between it and the cliff Etam; the scene of Samson’s well-known exploit with the jaw bone. (
(dedicated to God), the name of an unknown king to whom his mother addressed the prudential maxims contained in (
(Heb. ’adashim), a leguminous plant bearing seeds resembling small beans. The red pottage which Jacob prepared and for which Esau sold his birthright was made from them. (
(Heb. namer) is invariably given by the Authorized Version as the translation of the Hebrew word, which occurs in the seven following passages: (Song of Solomon 4:8;
The predominant and characteristic form of leprosy in the Old Testament is a white variety, covering either the entire body or a large tract of its surface, which has obtained the name of Lepra mosaica . Such were the cases of Moses, Miriam, Naaman and Gehazi. (
(precious stone), another form of Laish, afterward Dan, occurring in (
(hammered), the name of the second of the sons of Dedan son of Jokshan. (
(peoples), the name of the third of the descendants of Dedan son of Jokshan, (
(joined).
(jointed monster) occurs five times in the text of the Authorized Version, and once in the margin of (
(descendants of Levi). Sometimes the name extends to the whole tribe, the priests included, (
The third book in the Pentateuch is called Leviticus because it relates principally to the Levites and priests and their services. The book is generally held to have been written by Moses. Those critics even who hold a different opinion as to the other books of the Pentateuch assign this book in the main to him. One of the most notable features of the book is what may be called its spiritual meaning. That so elaborate a ritual looked beyond itself we cannot doubt. It was a prophecy of things to come; a shadow whereof the substance was Christ and his kingdom. We may not always be able to say what the exact relation is between the type and the antitype; but we cannot read the Epistle to the Hebrews and not acknowledge that the Levitical priests “served the pattern and type of heavenly things;” that the sacrifices of the law pointed to and found their interpretation in the Lamb of God; that the ordinances of outward purification signified the true inner cleansing of the heart and conscience from dead works to serve the living God. One idea—HOLINESS— moreover penetrates the whole of this vast and burdensome ceremonial, and gives it a real glory even apart from any prophetic significance.
[Lebanon]
This word, which occurs once only in the New Testament— (
(whiteness).
(white).
This name occurs only in (
(Heb. cinnam, cinnim). this word occurs in the Authorized Version only in (
The Hebrew achash darpan was the official title of the satraps or viceroys who governed the provinces of the Persian empire; it is rendered “prince” in (
(Heb. leshem), a precious stone mentioned in (
(learned), a Manassite, son of Shemidah the son of Manasseh. (
(Heb. shushan, shoshannah). Although there is little doubt that the Hebrew word denotes some plant of the lily species, it is by no means certain what individual of this class it specially designates. The plant must have been a conspicuous object on the shores of the Lake of Gennesaret, (
the substance obtained form limestone, shells, etc., by heat. It is noticed only three times in the Bible, viz., in (27:2) (Authorized Version “plaster”), (
cloth made from flax. Several different Hebrew words are rendered linen, which may denote different fabrics of linen or different modes of manufacture. Egypt was the great centre of the linen trade. Some linen, made form the Egyptian byssus, a flax that grew on the banks of the Nile, was exceedingly soft and of dazzling whiteness. This linen has been sold for twice its weight in gold. Sir J.G. Wilkinson says of it, “The quality of the fine linen fully justifies all the praises of antiquity, and excites equal admiration at the present day, being to the touch comparable to silk, and not inferior in texture to our finest cambric.”
the beam which forms the upper part of the framework of a door.
(a net), a Christian at Rome, known to St. Paul and to Timothy, (
“The most powerful, daring and impressive of all carnivorous animals, the most magnificent in aspect and awful in voice.” At present lions do not exist in Palestine; but they must in ancient times have been numerous. The lion of Palestine was in all probability the Asiatic variety, described by Aristotle and Pliny as distinguished by its short and curly mane, and by being shorter and rounder in shape, like the sculptured lion found at Arban. It was less daring than the longer named species, but when driven by hunger it not only ventured to attack the flocks in the desert in presence of the shepherd, (
(lion), the city which was taken by the Danites, and under its new name of Dan became famous as the northern limit of the nation. (
(that which clings to the ground) (Heb. letaah . (
(eloquent).
(not my people), the figurative name given by the prophet Hosea to his second son by Gomer the daughter of Diblaim, (
The law strictly forbade any interest to be taken for a loan to any poor person, and at first, as it seems, even in the case of a foreigner; but this prohibition was afterward limited to Hebrews only, from whom, of whatever rank, not only was no usury on any pretence to be exacted, but relief to the poor by way of loan was enjoined, and excuses for evading this duty were forbidden. (
[Bread]
Where European locks have not been introduced, the locks of eastern houses are usually of wood, and consist of a partly hollow bolt from fourteen inches to two feet long for external doors or gates, or from seven to nine inches for interior doors. The bold passes through a groove in a piece attached to the door into a socket in the door-post.
a well-known insect, of the grasshopper family, which commits terrible ravages on vegetation in the countries which it visits. “The common brown locust is about three inches in length, and the general form is that of a grasshopper.” The most destructive of the locust tribe that occur in the Bible lands are the (Edipoda migratoria and the Acridium peregrinum ; and as both these species occur in Syria and Arabia, etc., it is most probable that one or other is denoted in those passages which speak of the dreadful devastations committed by these insects. Locusts occur in great numbers, and sometimes obscure the sun. (
[Lydda]
(without pasture), a place named with Mahanaim, Rogelim and other transjordanic towns, (
This word, with one exception only, has, at least in the narrative portions of the Bible, almost invariably the force of “passing the night.”
[Weights And Measures AND Measures]
(agreeable), the grandmother of Timothy, and doubtless the mother of his mother, Eunice. (
[MIRRORS]
[God]
(Kuriake Hemera), (
the prayer which Jesus taught his disciples. (
The words which thus describe the great central act of the worship of the Christian Church occur but in a single passage of the New Testament— (
(the uncompassionated), the name of the daughter of Hosea the prophet, given to denote the utterly ruined condition of the kingdom of Israel. (
(literally a pebble). The custom of deciding doubtful questions by lot is one of great extent and high antiquity. Among the Jews lots were used with the expectation that God would so control them as to give a right direction to them. They were very often used by God’s appointment. “As to the mode of casting lots, we have no certain information. Probably several modes were practiced.” “Very commonly among the Latins little counters of wood were put into a jar with so narrow a neck that only one could come out at a time. After the jar had been filled with water and the contents shaken, the lots were determined by the order in which the bits of wood, representing the several parties, came out with the water. in other cases they were put into a wide open jar, and the counters were drawn out by the hand. Sometimes again they were cast in the manner of dice. The soldiers who cast lots for Christ’s garments undoubtedly used these dice.”—Lyman Abbott.
(veil or covering), the son of Haran, and therefore the nephew of Abraham. (
(covering), the eldest son of Seir the Horite. (
[Purim]
(Agape), (
(dwellers in a thirsty land), a nation mentioned as contributing, together with Cushites and Sukkiim, to Shishak’s army, (
(
(light-bearer), found in (
(strife) the fourth name in the list of the children of Shem, (
(strife), (
(made of tables or boards), The ascent of, a place in Moab, occurs only in (
(light-giving), or Lu’cas, is an abbreviated form of Lucanus. It is not to be confounded with Lucius, (
The third Gospel is ascribed, by the general consent of ancient Christendom, to “the beloved physician,” Luke, the friend and companion of the apostle Paul.
(from the Latin Luna, the moon, because insane persons, especially those who had lucid intervals, were once supposed to be affected by the changes of the moon). This word is used twice in the New Testament— (
(almond tree). It seems impossible to discover with precision whether Luz and Bethel represent one and the same town—the former the Canannite, the latter the Hebrew, name—or whether they were distinct places, though in close proximity. The most probable conclusion is that the two places were, during the times preceding the conquest, distinct, Luz being the city and Bethel the pillar and altar of Jacob that after the destruction of Luz by the tribe of Ephraim the town of Bethel arose. When the original Luz was destroyed, through the treachery of one of its inhabitants, the man who had introduced the Israelites into the town went into the “land of the Hittites” and built a city which he named after the former one. (
(land of Lycanon, or wolf land), a district of Asia Minor. From what is said in (
(land of Lycus) is the name of that southwestern region of the peninsula of Asia Minor which is immediately opposite the island of Rhodes. The Lycians were incorporated in the Persian empire, and their ships were conspicuous in the great war against the Greeks (Herod. vii. 91, 92). After the death of Alexander the Great, Lycia was included in the Greek Seleucid kingdom, and was a part of the territory which the Romans forced Antiochus to cede. It was not till the reign of Claudius that Lycia became part of the Roman provincial system. At first it was combined with Pamiphylia. Such seems to have been the condition of the district when St. Paul visited the Lycian towns of Patara, (
(strife), the Greek form of the name, (
the first European convert of St. Paul, and afterward his hostess during his first stay at Philippi. (
(land of Lydus), a maritime province in the west of Asia Minor bounded by Mysia on the north, Phrygia on the east, and Caria on the south. It is enumerated among the districts which the Romans took away from Antiochos the Great after the battle of Magnesia in B.C. 190, and transferred to Eumenus II. king of Pergamus. Lydia is included in the “Asia” of the New Testament.
(that drives away sorrow), mentioned by St. Luke in one of his chronological passages, ch. (
(dissolving), a nobleman of the blood-royal,
a chief captain of the band, that is, tribune of the Roman cohort who rescued St. Paul from the hands of the infuriated mob at Jerusalem, and sent him under a guard to Felix, the governor or proconsul of Caesarea. (
“a son of Ptolemaeus of Jerusalem,” the Greek translator of the book of Esther. Comp. (
This place has two points of interest in connection respectively with St. Paul’s first and second missionary Journeys: (1) as the place where divine honors were offered to him, and where he was presently stoned, (
(oppression).
(oppression).
(oppression) and Maach’athites, The, two words which denote the inhabitants of the small kingdom of Maachah. (3:14;
(ornament of Jehovah), one of the sons of Kani, who had married a foreign wife. (
one of the priests who returned with Zerubbabel, (
(compassionate), one of the Bene-Asaph who took part in the solemn musical service by which the wall of Jerusalem was dedicated. (
(ascent of scorpions), the full form of the name given as Akrabbim in (
(work of the Lord), the name of four persons who had married foreign wives. In the time of Ezra,
(work of the Lord), a priest who after the return from Babylon dwelt in Jerusalem. (
(small), son of Mattathias in the genealogy of Jesus Christ. (
(consolation of Jehovah).
a castle of the Herods on the southern border of their Perean dominions, nine miles east of the northern end of the Dead Sea. Here John the Baptist was imprisoned, and here was held the feast where Herodias, at whose request John was beheaded, danced before the king.
(a hammer), The. This title, which was originally the surname of Judas, one of the sons of Mattathias, was afterward extended to the heroic family of which he was one of the noblest representatives. Asmonaeans or Hasmonaeans is the Proper name of the family, which is derived from Cashmon, great grandfather of Mattathias. The Maccabees were a family of Jews who resisted the authority of Antiochus Epiphanes king of Syria and his successors who had usurped authority over the Jews, conquered Jerusalem, and strove to introduce idolatrous worship. The standard of independence was first raised by Mattathias, a priest of the course of Joiarih. He seems, however, to have been already advanced in years when the rising was made, and he did not long survive the fatigues of active service. He died B.C. 166, having named Judas—apparently his third son—as his successor in directing the war of independence. After gaining several victories over the other generals of Antiochus, Judas was able to occupy Jerusalem except the “tower,” and purified the temple exactly three years after its profanation. Nicanor was defeated, first at Capharsalama, and again in a decisive battle at Adasa B.C. 161, where he was slain. This victory was the greatest of Judas’ successes, and practically decided the question of Jewish independence; but shortly after Judas fell at Eleasa, fighting at desperate odds against the invaders. After the death of Judas, Jonathan his brother succeeded to the command, and later assumed the high-priestly office. He died B.C. 144, and was succeeded by Simon the last remaining brother of the Maccabaean family, who died B.C. 135. The efforts of both brothers were crowned with success. On the death of Simon, Johannes Hyrcanus, one of his sons, at once assumed the government, B.C. 135, and met with a peaceful death B.C. 105. His eldest son, Aristobulus I., who succeeded him B.C. 105-101, was the first who assumed the kingly title, though Simon had enjoyed the fullness of the kingly power. Alexander Jannaeus was the next successor B.C. 104-78. Aristobulus II. and Hyrcanus III. engaged in a civil war On the death of their mother, Alexandra, B.C. 78-69, resulting in the dethronement of Aristobulus II., B.C. 69-69, and the succession of Hyrcanus under Roman rule but without his kingly title, B.C. 63-40. From B.C. 40 to B.C. 37 Antigonus, a son of Aristobulus II., ruled, and with his two grandchildren, Aristobulus and Mariurnne, the Asmonaean dynasty ended.
Four books which bear the common title of “Maccabees” are found in some MSS. of the LXX. Two of these were included in the early current Latin versions of the Bible, and thence passed into the Vulgate. As forming part of the Vulgate they were received as canonical by the Council of Trent, and retained among the Apocrypha by the reformed churches. The two other books obtained no such wide circulation and have only a secondary connection with the Maccabaean history.
(extended land), a large and celebrated country lying north of Greece, the first part of Europe which received the gospel directly from St. Paul, and an important scene of his subsequent missionary labors and those of his companions. It was bounded by the range of Haemus or the Balkan northward, by the chain of Pindus westward, by the Cambunian hills southward, by which it is separated from Thessaly, an is divided on the east from Thrace by a less definite mountain boundary running southward from Haemus. Of the space thus enclosed, two of the most remarkable physical features are two great plains, one watered by the Axius, which comes to the sea, at the Thermaic Gulf, not far from Thessalonica; the other by the Strymon, which after passing near Philippi, flows out below Amphipolis. Between the mouths of these two rivers a remarkable peninsula projects, dividing itself into three points, on the farthest of which Mount Athos rises nearly into the region of perpetual snow. Across the neck of this peninsula St. Paul travelled more than once with his companions. This general sketch sufficiently describes the Macedonia which was ruled over by Philip and Alexander and which the Romans conquered from Perseas. At first the conquered country was divided by Aemilius Paulus into four districts, but afterward was made one province and centralized under the jurisdiction of a proconsul, who resided at Thessalonica. The character of the Christians of Macedonia is set before us in Scripture in a very favorable light. The candor of the Bereans is highly commented, (
(bond of the Lord), one of the lion-faced warriors of Gad, who joined the fortunes of David when living in retreat at Ziklag. (
(bond). Sheva, the father of Machbena, is named in the genealogical list of Judah as the offspring of Manchah, the concubine of Caleb ben-Hezron. (
(decrease), the father of Geuel the Gadite, who went with Caleb and Joshua to spy out the land of Canaan. (
(sold).
the descendants of Machir the father of Gilead. (
(what is like the liberal?), one of the sons of Bani who put away his foreign wife at Ezra’s command. (
(double, or a portion). [Hebron]
(middle land), (
(
(dunghill), one of the towns in the south district of Judah. (
(dunghill), a place in Moab, threatened with destruction in the pronunciations of Jeremiah. (
(dunghill), one of the, Benjamite villages north of Jerusalem the inhabitants of which were frightened away by the approach of Sennacherib along the northern road. (
In Scripture “madness” is recognized as a derangement proceeding either from weakness and misdirection of intellect or from ungovernable violence of passion. In one passage alone, (
(strife) one of the principal cities of Canaan before the conquest, probably in the north. Its king joined Jabin and his confederates in their attempt against Joshua at the waters of Xierom, and like the rest was killed. (
(a tower). (The name given in the Revised Version of (
(congregating), a proper name in (
(a tower). The chief MSS. and versions exhibit the name as Magadan, as in the Revised Version. Into the limits of Magadan Christ came by boat, over the Lake of Gennesareth after his miracle of feeding the four thousand on the Mountain of the eastern side, (
(prince of God), one of the “dukes” of Edom, descended from Esau. (
(Authorized Version wise men).
Magic is “the science or practice of evoking spirits, or educing the occult powers of nature to produce effects apparently supernatural.” It formed an essential element in many ancient religions, especially among the Persians, Chaldeans and Egyptians. The Hebrews had no magic of their own. It was so strictly forbidden by the law that it could never afterward have had any: recognized existence, save in times of general heresy or apostasy and the same was doubtless the case in the patriarchal ages. The magical practices which obtained among the Hebrews were therefore borrowed from the nations around. From the first entrance into the land of promise until the destruction of Jerusalem we have constant glimpses of magic practiced in secret, or resorted to not alone by the common but also as the great. It is a distinctive characteristic of the Bible that from first to last it warrants no such trust or dread. Laban attached great value to, and was in the habit of consulting, images. (
(region of Gog). In (
(terror on every side), the name giver. by Jeremiah to Pashur the priest when he smote him and put him in the stocks for prophesying against the idolatry of Jerusalem. (
(moth-killer) one of the heads of the people who signed the covenant with Nehemiah. (
(disease), one of the three children of Hammoleketh the sister of Gilead. (
(praise of God).
the title of p, 53, and Mahalath-leannoth, the title of
(stringed instrument) one of the eighteen wives of King Rehoboam, apparently his first. (
(stringed instrument), the daughter of Ishmael, and one of the wives of Esau. (
(sick), Mah’li, the son of Merari. (
a town on the east of the Jordan. The name signifies two hosts or two camps, and was given to it by Jacob, because he there met “the angels of God.” (
(camp of Dan), spoken of as “behind Kirjath-jearim,” (
(impetuous), (
(grabbing).
the designation of Eliel, one of the warriors of King David’s guard, whose name is preserved in the catalogue of (
(visions). One of the fourteen sons of Heman the Kohathite. (
(i.e. hasten-booty speedspoil), whose name was given by divine direction to indicate that Damascus and Samaria were soon to be plundered by the king of Assyria. (
(disease), the eldest of the five daughters of Zelophehad the grandson of Manasseh. (
(sick).
(sick) the first husband of Ruth; son of Eiimelech and Naomi. (
(dancing), the father of the four men most famous for wisdom next to Solomon himself. (
(end), a place, apparently a town, named once only— (
(place of assemblies), a place mentioned only in (
(place of shepherds), a place memorable in the annals of the conquest of Canaan as the scene of the execution by Joshua of the five confederate kings, (
(a mortar or deep hollow), a place evidently in Jerusalem, the inhabitants of which are denounced by Zephaniah. (
(king of help), one of the sons of King Saul. (
(king or kingdom), the name of the servant of the high priest whose right ear Peter cut off at the time of the Saviour’s apprehension in the garden. (
the son of Cainan. (
(my fullness), a Kohathite, one of the fourteen sons of Heman the singer. (
(
(counsellor).
apparently the same with Shemaiah in (
(riches) (
(strength, fatness) an ancient Amorite, who with his brothers, Eshcol and Aner, was in alliance with Abram, (
Four Hebrew terms are rendered “man” in the Authorized Version:
(comforter) is mentioned in (
(rest) one of the sons of Shobal, and descendant of Seir the Horite. (
(rest), a place named in (
(inhabitants of Mannahath), The. “Half the Manahethites” are named in the genealogies of Judah as descended from Shobal, the father of Kirjath-jearim (
(forgetting).
(forgetting), the eldest son of Joseph, (
that is, the members of the tribe of Manasseh. (4:43;
(Heb. dudraim) are mentioned in (
(a portion (by weight)). [Weights And Measures AND Measures]
This word occurs only in (
(what is this?) (Heb. man). The most important passages of the Old Testament on this topic are the following: (
(rest), the father of Samson; a Danite, native of the town of Zorah. (
one who kills another unintentionally, and is thus distinguished from a murderer, who kills with malice aforethought. The cases of manslaughter mentioned in Scripture appear to be a sufficient indication of the intention of the lawgiver.
the word employed in the Authorized Version to translate no less than four Hebrew terms, entirely distinct and independent in both derivation and meaning.
(oppression) the father of Achish king of Gath, with whom David took refuge. (
(habitation), one of the cities of the tribe of Judah, in the district of the mountains. (
a people mentioned in one of the addresses of Jehovah to the repentant Israelites, (
(sad, bitter), the name which Naomi adopted in the exclamation forced from her by the recognition of her fellow citizens at Bethlehem. (
(bitterness), a place which lay in the wilderness of Shur or Etham, three days journey distant, (
(trembling) one of the land marks on the boundary of the tribe of Zebulun. (
an Aramaic or Syriac expression used by St. Paul at the conclusion of his first Epistle to the Corinthians, ch. (
The Hebrew shesh, the generic term for marble, may probably be taken to mean almost any shining stone. The so-called marble of Solomon’s architectural works may thus have been limestone. There can be no doubt that Herod both in the temple and elsewhere employed Parian or other marble. The marble pillars and tesserae of various colors of the palace at Susa came doubtless from Persia. (
[Month]
the evangelist Mark. (
(crest of a hill), one of the cities of Judah in the low country. (
one of the evangelists, and probable author of the Gospel bearing his name. (Marcus was his Latin surname. His Jewish name was John, which is the same as Johanan (the grace of God). We can almost trace the steps whereby the former became his prevalent name in the Church. “John, whose surname was Mark” in (
(
(
(bitterness), one of the towns of the western lowland of Judah. (
the hill of Mars or Ares, better known by the name of Areopagus, of which hill of Mars or Ares is a translation. The Areopagus was a rocky height in Athens, opposite the western end of the Acropolis. It rises gradually from the northern end, and terminates abruptly on the south, over against the Acropolis, at which point it is about fifty or sixty feet above the valley. The spot is memorable as the place of meeting of the Council of Areopagus. This body existed as a criminal tribunal before the time of Solon, and was the most ancient and venerable of all the Athenian courts. It consisted of all persons who had held the office of archon, and who were members of the council for life unless expelled for misconduct. Before the time of Solon the court tried only cases of willful murder, wounding, poison, and arson: but he gave it extensive powers of a censorial and political nature. The council continued to exist even under the Roman emperors. Its meetings were held on the southeastern summit of the rock. The Areopagus possesses peculiar interest to the Christian as the spot from which St. Paul delivered his memorable address to the men of Athens. (
(worthy), one of the seven of Persia, “wise men which knew the times,” which saw the king’s face and sat first in the kingdom. (
(a lady), the sister of Lazarus and Mary. [Lazarus] The facts recorded in
a Roman Christian who is greeted by St. Paul in his Epistle to the Romans, ch. (
(a tear) of Cle’ophas. So in Authorized Version, but accurately “of Clopas,” i.e. the wife of Clopas (or Alphaeus). She is brought before us for the first time on the day of the crucifixion, standing by the cross. (
Different explanations have been given of this name; but the most natural is that she came from the town of Magdala. She appears before us for the first time in (
the mother of our Lord. There is no person perhaps in sacred or profane history around whom so many legends have been grouped a the Virgin Mary; and there are few whose authentic history is more concise. She was, like Joseph, of the tribe of Judah and of the lineage of David. (
(
She and her sister Martha appear in (
(song of wisdom), the title of thirteen
(drawn out), one of the sons of Aram. (
(entreaty), the same as Misheal or Mishal. (
(burden), a son of Ishmael. (
(temptation), a name given to the spot, also called Meribah, where the Israelites tempted Jehovah. (
(vineyard of noble vines), an ancient place, the native spot of Samiah, one of the old king of the Edomites. (
= Methuselah, the son of Enoch. (
(gift of God).
(pushing forward) daughter of Mezahab and mother of Mehetabel, who was wife of Hadar or Hadad of Pau, king of Edom. (
(rain of Jehovah), a family of the tribe of Benjamin, to which Saul the King of Israel belonged. (
(a gift).
(gift of Jehovah), a station the latter part of the wandering of the Israelites. (
(gift of Jehovah).
(gift of Jehovah), probably a contraction of Mattathiah.
(gift of Jehovah), the Greek form of Mattathiah.
(gift of Jehovah), a contraction of Mattaniah.
(gift), grandfather of Joseph the husband of the Virgin Mary. (
(gift of God), a form of the name Matthan.
(gift of Jehovah). (A contraction, as is also Matthias, of Mattathias. His original name was Levi, and his name Matthew was probably adopted as his new apostolic name was a Jew. His father’s name was Alphaeus. His home was at Capernaum His business was the collection of dues and customs from persons and goods crossing the Sea of Galilee, or passing along the great Damascus road which ran along the shore between Bethsaida, Julius and Capernaum. Christ called him from this work to he his disciple. He appears to have been a man of wealth, for he made a great feast in his own house, perhaps in order to introduce his former companions and friends to Jesus. His business would tend to give him a knowledge of human nature, and accurate business habits, and of how to make a way to the hearts of many publicans and sinners not otherwise easily reached. He is mentioned by name, after the resurrection of Christ, only in (
(gift of God), the apostle elected to fill the place of the traitor Judas. (
(
(i.e. a hammer), a sort of battleaxe or hammer, used as an implement of war. (25:18)
(fortresses). The marginal note to the Authorized Version of (
(the twelve signs). The margin of the Authorized Version of (
(a hundred), The tower of, one of the towers of the wall of Jerusalem when rebuilt by Nehemiah, (
Our information on the subject of meals is but scanty. The early Hebrews do not seem to have given special names to their several meals, for the terms rendered “dine” and “dinner” in the Authorized Version ((
(a cave), a place named in (
[Weights And Measures AND MEASURES]
It does not appear that the word “meat” is used in any one instance in the Authorized Version of either the Old or New Testament in the sense which it now almost exclusively bears of animal food. The latter is denoted uniformly by “flesh.” The word “meat,” when our English version was made, meant food in general; or if any particular kind was designated, it referred to meal, flour or grain. The only real and inconvenient ambiguity caused by the change which has taken place in the meaning of the word is in the case of the “meat offering.” [Meat Offering OFFERING]
The law or ceremonial of the meat offering is described in (
(building of Jehovah). In this form appears, In one passage only—2Sam 23:27—The name of one of David’s guard, who is elsewhere called Sibbechai, (
that is, the native or inhabitant of a place called Mecherah. (
(love). [Eldad AND MEDAD]
(contention), a son of Abraham and Keturah. (
(water of rest), a town on the eastern side of Jordan, first alluded to in (
(middle land). Media lay northwest of Persia proper, south and southwest of the Caspian Sea, east of Armenia and Assyria, west and northwest of the great salt desert of Iran. Its greatest length was from north to south, and in this direction it extended from the 32d to the 40th parallel, a distance of 550 miles. In width it reached front about long. 45 degrees to 53 degrees; but its average breadth was not more than from 250 to 300 miles. The division of Media commonly recognized by the Greeks and Romans was that into Media Magna and Media Atropatene.
Darius, “the son of Ahasuerus, of the seed of the Medes,” (
Egypt was the earliest home of medical and other skill for the region of the Mediterranean basin, and every Egyptian mummy of the more expensive and elaborate sort involved a process of anatomy. Still we have no trace of any philosophical or rational system of Egyptian origin; still medicine in Egypt was a mere art or profession. Compared with the wild countries around them, however, the Egyptians must have seemed incalculably advanced. Representations of early Egyptian surgery apparently occur on some of the monuments of Beni-Hassan. Those who have assisted at the opening of a mummy have noticed that the teeth exhibited a dentistry not inferior in execution to the work of the best modern experts. This confirms the statement of Herodotus that every part of the body was studied by a distinct practitioner. The reputation of Egypt’s practitioners in historical times was such that both Cyrus and Darius sent to that country for physicians or surgeons. Of midwifery we have a distinct notice, (
(place of crowns) was in a very marked position on the southern rim of the plain of Esdraelon, on the frontier line of the territories of the tribes of Issachar and Manasseh, 6 miles from Mount Carmel and 11 from Nazareth. It commanded one of those passes from the north into the hill country which were of such critical importance on various occasions in the history of Judea.
(favored of God), the daughter of Matred, and wife of Hadad king of Edom. (
(favored of God), another and less correct form of Mehetabel. The ancestor of Shemaiah the prophet who was hired against Nehemiah by Tobiah and Sanballat. (
(famous, noble), a family of Nethinim, the descendants of Mehida. returned from Babylon with Zerubbabel. (
(price), the son of Chelub the brother of Shuah. (
a word occurring once only— (
(smitten by God), the son of Irad, and fourth in descent from Cain. (
(faithful), one of the seven eunuchs of Ahasuerus. (
(habitations). (
a people against whom King Uzziah waged a successful war. (
(hunters of yellowness) a town in the territory of Dan. (
(foundation), one of the towns which were reinhabited after the captivity by the men of Judah. (
(Jehovah delivers), a Gibeonite who assisted in rebuilding the wall of Jerusalem. (
(my king, my counsel).
(Jehovah’s king), a priest, the father of Pashur. (
(king of righteousness). (
A son of Saul. (
(king of righteousness), king of Salem and priest of the most high God, who met Abram in the valley of Shaveh, which is the king’s valley, bought out bread and wine, blessed him, and received tithes from him. (
the son of Menan, and ancestor of Joseph in the genealogy of Jesus Christ. (
the second son of Micah, the son of Merib-baal or Mephibosheth. (
the same as Malluch 6. (
(honey), the modern Malta. This island lies in the Mediterranean 60 miles south of Cape Passaro in Sicily, 900 miles from Gibraltar and about 1200 from Jerusalem. It is 17 miles long. by 13 or 10 broad. It is naturally a barren rock, with no high mountains, but has been rendered fertile by industry and toil. It is famous for its honey and fruits. It is now in the hands of the English.—McClintock and Strong. This island has an illustrious place in Scripture as the scene of that shipwreck of St. Paul which is described in such minute detail in the Acts of the Apostle. (
(Heb. abattichim) are mentioned only in (
(steward). The Authorized Version is wrong in regarding melzar as a proper name; it is rather an official title, (
(haven, of the good), a city of ancient Egypt, situated on that western bank of the Nile, about nine miles south of Cairo and five from the great pyramids and the sphinx. It is mentioned by (
(dignified), one of the seven princes of Persia in the reign of Ahasuerus, who “saw the king’s face,” and sat first in the kingdom. (
(comforter), son of Gadi, who slew the usurper Shallum, and seized the vacant throne of Israel. B.C. 772. His reign, which lasted ten years, is briefly recorded in (
(called Menna in the Revised Version), one of the ancestors of Joseph in the genealogy of Jesus Christ. (
(numbered), the first word of the mysterious inscription written upon the wall of Belshazzar’s palace, in which Daniel read the doom of the king and his dynasty. (
(fate, fortune). (
In the Revised Version of (
(enchanters), The plain of, an oak or terebinth. or other great tree. (
(my habitations), one of the sons of Othniel, the younger brother of Caleb. (
(splendor height), city of the Reubenites, one of the towns independently an Heshhon, (
(exterminating the idol), the name borne by two members of the family of Saul—his son and his grandson.
(increase), eldest daughter of King Saul. (
(rebellion), a priest in the day of Joiakim. (
(rebellious).
(bareness), one of the towns of Judah, in the district of the mountains. (
(bitter, unhappy), third son of Levi and head of the third great division of the Levites, the Merarites. (
(double rebellion), The land of, alluding to the country of the Chaldeans, and to the double captivity which it had inflicted on the nation of Israel. (
(herald of the gods), properly Hermes, the Greek deity, whom the Romans identified with their Mercury, the god of commerce and bargains. Hermes was the son of Zeus (Jupiter) and Maia the daughter of Atals, and is constantly represented as the companion of his father in his wandering upon earth. The episode of Baucis and Philemon, Ovid, Metam . viii. 620-724, appears to have formed part of the folk-lore of Asia Minor, and strikingly illustrates the readiness with which the simple people of Lystra recognized in Barnabas and Paul the gods who, according to their wont, had come down in the likeness of men. (
(
(
(rebellion). This name occurs in a fragmentary genealogy in (
(elevations),
(lofty), one of the seven counsellors of Ahasuerus. (
(strife, contention). In (
(contender against Baal). (
(death), (
(worshipper of Baal) is mentioned as king of Babylon in the days of Hezekiah both in the second hook of Kings, ch. (
(high place), The waters of, a lake formed by the river Jordan, about ten miles north of the Sea of Galilee. It is a place memorable in the history of the conquest of Palestine. Here Joshua completely routed the confederacy of the northern chiefs under Jabin. (
that is, the native of the place called probably Meronoth, of which, however, no further traces have yet been discovered. The Meronothites are named in the Bible—
(refuge), a place, (
(drawing out), a son of Japhet, (
(freedom).
(guest of a king), the name given to Mishael, one of the companions of Daniel, who with three others was taught, (
(whom Jehovah repays), a Korhite porter or gate-keeper of the house of Jehovah in the reign of David. (
(delivered by God).
(recompense), the son of Immer, a priest. (
(recompense).
(friend).
(friend), the daughter of Haruz of Jotbah, wife of Manasseh king of Judah, and mother of his successor, Amon. (
a title attached to the name of Jasiel. (
(between the rivers), the entire country between the two rivers, the Tigris and the Euphrates. This is a tract nearly 700 miles long and from 20 to 250 miles broad, extending in a southeasterly direction from Telek to Kurnah . The Arabian geographers term it “the Island,” a name which is almost literally correct, since a few miles only intervene between the source of the Tigris and the Euphrates at Telek . But the region which bears the name of Mesopotamia, par excellence, both in Scripture and in the classical writers, is the northwestern portion of this tract, or the country between the great bend of the Euphrates, lat. 35 degrees to 37 degrees 30’, and the upper Tigris. We first hear of Mesopotamia in Scripture as the country where Nahor and his family settled after quitting Ur of the Chaldees. (
(anointed). This word (Mashiach) answers to the word Christ (Christos) in the New Testament, and is applicable in its first sense to any one anointed with the holy oil. The kings of Israel were called anointed, from the mode of their consecration. (
(anointed), the Greek form of Messiah. (
The Hebrews, in common with other ancient nations, were acquainted with nearly all the metals known to modern metallurgy, whether as the products of their own soil or the results of intercourse with foreigners. One of the earliest geographical definitions is that which describes the country of Havilah as the land which abounded in gold, and the gold of which was good. (
(bridle of the metropolis), a place which David took from the Philistines, apparently in his last war with them. (
(man of God), the son of Mehujael, fourth in descent from Cain, and father of Lamech. (
(man of the dart), the son of Enoch, sixth in descent from Seth, and father of Lamech. (
(habitations). (
(
(waters of gold), the father of Matred and grandfather of Mehetabel, who was wife of Hadar or Hadad, the last-named king of Edom. (
(from the right hand).
(choicest), one of David’s heroes in the list given in (
(sweet odor).
(fortress), one of the “dukes” of Edom. (
(who is like God?), the same name as Micaiah. [Micaiah]
Three sections of this work represent three natural divisions of the prophecy—1, 2; 3-5; 6,7—each commencing with rebukes and threatening and closing with a promise. The first section opens with a magnificent description of the coming of Jehovah to judgment for the sins and idolatries of Israel and Judah, ch. 1:2-4, and the sentence pronounced upon Samaria, vs. 5-9, by the Judge himself. The sentence of captivity is passed upon them. (
(who is like God?). Micahiah, the son of Imlah, was a prophet of Samaria, who in the last year of the reign of Ahab king of Israel predicted his defeat and death, B.C. 897. (
(who is like God?).
(who is like God?).
(who is like God?), eldest son of Uzziel the son of Kohath, (
(who is like God?).
(who is like God?), the younger of Saul’s two daughters, (
(hidden), a town which is known to us almost solely by its connection with the Philistine war of Saul and Jonathan. (
(hiding-place), a place which formed one of the landmarks of the boundary of the territories of Ephraim and Manasseh on the western side of Jordan. (
(worthy of price), ancestor of Elah, one of the heads of the fathers of Benjamin. (
(golden psalm). This word occurs in the titles of six psalms (16,56-60), all of which are ascribed to David. The marginal reading of our Authorized Version is “a golden psalm,” while in the Geneva version it is described as “a certain tune.” From the position which it occupies in the title we may infer that michtam is a term applied to these psalms to denote their musical character, but beyond this everything is obscure.
(measures), a city of Judah, (
(strife), a son of Abraham and Keturah, (
(tower of God), one of the fortified towns of the possession of Naphtali, (
(tower of Gad), a city of Judah, (
(tower), the name of one of two places on the eastern frontier of Egypt.
(precipice), a town or a spot in the neighborhood of Gibeah. (
(from the right hand).
(staves).
(possession of Jehovah), one of the Levites of the second rank, gatekeepers of the ark, appointed by David to play in the temple band “with harps upon Sheminith.” (
(eloquent), probably a Gershonite Levite of the sons of Asaph, who assisted at the dedication of the walls of Jerusalem. (
(queen or counsel).
(great king). [Molech]
a Roman measure of length, equal to 1618 English yards—4854 feet, or about nine-tenths of an English mile. It is only once noticed in the Bible, (
(
As an article of diet, milk holds a more important position in eastern countries than with us. It is not a mere adjunct in cookery, or restricted to the use of the young, although it is naturally the characteristic food of childhood, both from its simple and nutritive qualities. (
The mills of the ancient Hebrews probably differed but little from those at present in use in the East. These consist of two circular stones, each about eighteen inches or two feet in diameter, the lower of which is fixed, and has its upper surface slightly convex, fitting into a corresponding concavity in the upper stone. In the latter is a hole thorough which the grain passes, immediately above a pivot or shaft which rises from the centre of the lower stone, and about which the upper stone is turned by means of an upright handle fixed near the edge. It is worked by women, sometimes singly and sometimes two together, who are usually seated on the bare ground. (
a kind of grain. A number os species are cultivated in the East. When green it is used as fodder, and for bread when ripe. (
(a rampart, mound) a place in ancient Jerusalem. Both name and place seem to have been already in existence when the city was taken from the Jebusites by David. (
A highly-poetical description given by the author of the book of Job of the operations of mining as known in his day is the only record of the kind which we inherit from the ancient Hebrews. (
(from the right hand).
This term is used in the Authorized Version to describe various officials of a religious and civil character. Its meaning, as distinguished from servant, is a voluntary attendant on another. In the Old Testament it is applied (1) to an attendance upon a person of high rank, (
(division), (
(distribution), a place on the east of the Jordan, named as the point to which Jephthah’s slaughter of the Ammonites extended. (
The Hebrew word in (
This name occurs only in (
(appointed place), The gate, one of the gates of Jerusalem. (
A miracle may be defined to be a plain and manifest exercise by a man, or by God at the call of a man, of those powers which belong only to the Creator and Lord of nature; and this for the declared object of attesting that a divine mission is given to that man. It is not, therefore, the wonder, the exception to common experience, that constitutes the miracle, as is assumed both in the popular use of the word and by most objectors against miracles. No phenomenon in nature, however unusual, no event in the course of God’s providence, however unexpected, is a miracle unless it can be traced to the agency of man (including prayer under the term agency), and unless it be put forth as a proof of divine mission. Prodigies and special providences are not miracles. (A miracle is not a violation of the laws of nature. It is God’s acting upon nature in a degree far beyond our powers, but the same king of act as our wills are continually exerting upon nature. We do not in lifting a stone interfere with any law of nature, but exert a higher force among the laws. Prof. Tyndall says that “science does assert that without a disturbance of natural law quite as serious as the stoppage of an eclipse, or the rolling of the St. Lawrence up the falls of Niagara, no act of humiliation, individual or nation, could call one shower from heaven.” And yet men by firing cannon during battle can cause a shower: does that cause such a commotion among the laws of nature? The exertion of a will upon the laws does not make a disturbance of natural law; and a miracle is simply the exertion of God’s will upon nature.—ED.) Again, the term “nature” suggests to many persons the idea of a great system of things endowed with powers and forces of its own—a sort of machine, set a-going originally by a first cause, but continuing its motions of itself. Hence we are apt to imagine that a change in the motion or operation of any part of it by God would produce the same disturbance of the other parts as such a change would be likely to produce in them if made by us or by any other natural agent. But if the motions and operations of material things be produced really by the divine will, then his choosing to change, for a special purpose, the ordinary motion of one part does not necessarily or probably imply his choosing to change the ordinary motions of other parts in a way not at all requisite for the accomplishment of that special purpose. It is as easy for him to continue the ordinary course of the rest, with the change of one part, as of all the phenomena without any change at all. Thus, though the stoppage of the motion of the earth in the ordinary course of nature would be attended with terrible convulsions, the stoppage of the earth miraculously, for a special purpose to be served by that only, would not of itself be followed by any such consequences. (Indeed, by the action of gravitation it could be stopped, as a stone thrown up is stopped, in less than two minutes, and yet so gently as not to stir the smallest feather or mote on its surface.—ED.) From the same conception of nature as a machine, we are apt to think of interferences with the ordinary course of nature as implying some imperfection in it. But it is manifest that this is a false analogy; for the reason why machines are made is to save us trouble; and, therefore, they are more perfect in proportion as they answer this purpose. But no one can seriously imagine that the universe is a machine for the purpose of saving trouble to the Almighty. Again, when miracles are described as “interferences with the law of nature,” this description makes them appear improbable to many minds, from their not sufficiently considering that the laws of nature interfere with one another, and that we cannot get rid of “interferences” upon any hypothesis consistent with experience. The circumstances of the Christian miracles are utterly unlike those of any pretended instances of magical wonders. This difference consists in— (1) The greatness, number, completeness and publicity of the miracles. (2) In the character of the miracles. They were all beneficial, helpful, instructive, and worthy of God as their author. (3) The natural beneficial tendency of the doctrine they attested. (4) The connection of them with a whole scheme of revelation extending from the origin of the human race to the time of Christ.
(rebellion), the sister of Moses, was the eldest of that sacred family; and she first appears, probably as a young girl, watching her infant brother’s cradle in the Nile, (
(fraud), a Benjamite, born in the land of Moab. (
(
(height), a place in Moab. (
(who is what God is?).
(entreaty), one of the towns in the territory of Asher, (
(purification), a Benjamite, son of Elpaal and descendant of Shaharaim. (
(a hearing).
(fatness), the fourth of the twelve lion-faced Gadites who joined David at Ziklag. (
the fourth of the four “families of Kirjath-jearim,” i.e. colonies proceeding therefrom and founding towns. (
one of those who returned with Zerubbabel and Jeshua from Babylon. (
(the flew of waters), a place in northern Palestine. Dr. Thomson treats Misrephoth-maim as identical with a collection of springs called Ain-Musheirifeh, on the seashore close under the Ras en-Nakhura ; but this has the disadvantage of being very far from Sidon. May it not rather be the place with which we are familiar in the later history as Zarephat, near Sidon?
a coin current in Palestine in the time of our Lord. (
(sweetness), the name of an unknown desert encampment of the Israelites. (
the designation of Joshaphat, one of David’s guard in the catalogue of (
(given by Mithra).
(something rolled around the head), the turban or headdress of the high priest, made of fine linen cloth, eight yards long, folded around the head. On the front was a gold plate on which was inscribed Holiness to the Lord . (
(mutilated), the chief town of Lesbos, an island of the AEgean Sea, 7 1/2 miles from the opposite point of Asia Minor. The city is situated on the east coast of the island. Mitylene is the intermediate place where St. Paul stopped for the night between Assos and Chios. (
When the Israelites journeyed from Rameses to Succoth, the first stage of the exodus from Egypt, there were up with them “a mixed multitude.” (
(small), The hill, a mountain apparently in the northern part of transjordanic Palestine, from which the author of
and Miz’peh (a watch-tower), the name of several places in Palestine.
(number); properly Mispar, the same as Mispereth. (
[Mizpah]
(the two Egypts; red soil), the usual name of Egypt in the Old Testament the dual of Mazor, which is less frequently employed. Mizraim first occurs in the account of the Hamites in (
(fear), son of Reuel and grandson of Esau. (
(remembering) is honorably mentioned in Scripture. (
(of his father), Mo’abites. Moab was the son of the Lot’s eldest daughter, the progenitor of the Moabites. Zoar was the cradle of the race of Lot. From this centre the brother tribes spread themselves. The Moabites first inhabited the rich highlands which crown the eastern side of the chasm of the Dead Sea, extending as far north as the mountain of Gilead, from which country they expelled the Emims, the original inhabitants, (2:11) but they themselves were afterward driven southward by the warlike Amorites, who had crossed the Jordan, and were confined to the country south of the river Arnon, which formed their northern boundary. (
In the year 1868 Rev. F. Klein, of the Church Missionary Society at Jerusalem, found at Dhiban (the biblical Dibon), in Moab, a remarkable stone, since called the Moabite Stone. It was lying on the ground, with the inscription uppermost, and measures about 3 feet 9 inches long, 2 feet 4 inches wide and 1 foot 2 inches thick. It is a very heavy, compact black basalt. An impression was made of the main block, and of certain recovered parts broken off by the Arabs. It was broken by the Arabs, but the fragments were purchased by the French government for 32,000 francs, and are in the Louvre in Paris. The engraved face is about the shape of an ordinary gravestone, rounded at the top. On this stone is the record in the Phoenician characters of the wars of Mesha, king of Moab, with Israel. (
(
a place not mentioned in either the Old or the New Testament, though rendered immortal by its connection with the history of the Jews in the interval between the two. It was the native city of the Maccabaean family,
(birth, race), a city of Judah, one of those which lay in the district of “the south.” (
(king). The fire-god Molech was the tutelary deity of the children of Ammon, and essentially identical with the Moabitish Chemosh. Fire-gods appear to have been common to all the Canaanite, Syrian and Arab tribes, who worshipped the destructive element under an outward symbol, with the most inhuman rites. According to Jewish tradition, the image of Molech was of brass, hollow within, and was situated without Jerusalem. “His face was (that) of a calf, and his hands stretched forth like a man who opens his hands to receive (something) of his neighbor. And they kindled it with fire, and the priests took the babe and put it into the hands of Molech, and the babe gave up the ghost.” Many instances of human sacrifices are found in ancient writers, which may be compared with the description of the Old Testament of the manner in which Molech was worshipped. Molech was the lord and master of the Ammonites; their country was his possession, (
Mahli, the son of Merari.
(begetter), the son of Abishur by his wife Abihail, and descendant of Jerahmeel. (
The same as Molech. Molech
(
From the time of the institution of the Mosaic law downward the religious feasts commencing with the passover depended not simply on the month, but on the moon; the 14th of Abib was coincident with the full moon; and the new moons themselves were the occasions of regular festivals. (
The moon held an important place in the kingdom of nature, as known to the Hebrews. Conjointly with the sun, it was appointed “for signs and for seasons, and for days and years;” though in this respect it exercised a more important influence, if by the “seasons” we understand the great religious festivals of the Jews, as is particularly stated in (
[NEW MOON] NEW MOON - 3185
that is, the native of a place named Moresheth. It occurs twice— (
(little man, or worshipper or Mars), the deliverer, under divine Providence, of the Jews from the destruction plotted against them by Haman the chief minister of Xerxes; the institutor of the feast of Purim. The incidents of his history are too well known to need to be dwelt upon. [Esther, Book Of] Three things are predicated of Mordecai in the book of Esther: (1) That he lived in Shushan; (2) That his name was Mordecai, son of Jair, son of Shimei, son of Kish the Benjamite who was taken captive with Jehoiachin; (3) That he brought up Esther.
(teacher).
(possession of Gath), a place named by the prophet Micah. (
(chosen by Jehovah).
(
“a wide-mouthed vessel in form of an inverted bell, in which substances are pounded or bruised with a pestle.”—Webster. The simplest and probably most ancient method of preparing corn for food was by pounding it between two stones. The Israelites in the desert appear to have possessed mortars and handmills among their necessary domestic utensils. When the manna fell they gathered it, and either ground it in the mill or pounded it in the mortar till it was fit for use. (
(bonds), (10:6) apparently the same as Moseroth, (
(Heb. Mosheh, “drawn,” i.e. from the water; in the Coptic it means “saved from the water”), the legislator of the Jewish people, and in a certain sense the founder of the Jewish religion. The immediate pedigree of Moses is as follows: Levi was the father of: Gershon— Kohath— Merari Kohath was the father of: Amram = Jochebed Amram = Jochebed was the father of: Hur = Miriam— Aaron = Elisheba— Moses = Zipporah Aaron = Elisheba was the father of: Nadab— Abihu— Eleazar— Ithamar Eleazar was the father of: Phineas Moses = Zipporah was the father of: Gershom— Eliezer Gershom was the father of: Jonathan The history of Moses naturally divides itself into three periods of 40 years each. Moses was born at Goshen, In Egypt, B.C. 1571. The story of his birth is thoroughly Egyptian in its scene. His mother made extraordinary efforts for his preservation from the general destruction of the male children of Israel. For three months the child was concealed in the house. Then his mother placed him in a small boat or basket of papyrus, closed against the water by bitumen. This was placed among the aquatic vegetation by the side of one of the canals of the Nile. The sister lingered to watch her brother’s fate. The Egyptian princess, who, tradition says, was a childless wife, came down to bathe in the sacred river. Her attendant slaves followed her. She saw the basket in the flags, and despatched divers, who brought it. It was opened, and the cry of the child moved the princess to compassion. She determined to rear it as her own. The sister was at hand to recommend a Hebrew nurse, the child’s own mother. here was the first part of Moses’ training,—a training at home in the true religion, in faith in God, in the promises to his nation, in the life of a saint,—a training which he never forgot, even amid the splendors and gilded sin of Pharaoh’s court. The child was adopted by the princess. From this time for many years Moses must be considered as an Egyptian. In the Pentateuch this period is a blank, but in the New Testament he is represented as “learned in all the wisdom of the Egyptians,” and as “mighty in words and deeds.” (
By the Hebrew word we are certainly to understand some species of clothes-moth (tinea). Reference to the destructive habits of the clothes-moth is made in (
The superiority of the Hebrew over all contemporaneous systems of legislation and of morals is strongly shown in the higher estimation of the mother in the Jewish family, as contrasted with modern Oriental as well as ancient Oriental and classical usage. The king’s mother, as appears in the case of Bath-sheba, was treated with special honor. (
(
The Hebrew word har, like the English “mountain.” is employed for both single eminences more or less isolated, such as Sinai. Gerizim, Ebal, Zion and Olivet, and for ranges, such as Lebanon. It is also applied to a mountainous country or district.
specifically mentioned (1:19,20) comp.
One marked feature of Oriental mourning is what may be called its studies publicity and the careful observance of the prescribed ceremonies. (
(the corn-eater). The name of this animal occurs in (
As the great heat of the climate in Palestine and other similarly situated countries soon dries up the herbage itself, hay-making in our sense of the term is not in use. The “king’s mowings,” (
(fountain).
(fountain), one of the cities in the allotment of Benjamin, (
(wrath), son of Ram, the first-born of Jerahmeel. (
(Heb. becaim). Mention of these is made only in (
a hybrid animal, the offspring of a horse and an ass. “The mule is smaller than the horse, and is a remarkably hardy, patient, obstinate, sure-footed animal, living, ordinarily, twice as long as a horse.”—McClintock and Strong’s Cyclopedia. It was forbidden to the Israelites to breed mules, but sometimes they imported them. It would appear that only kings and great men rode on mules. We do not read of mules at all in the New Testament; perhaps therefore they had ceased to be imported.
(serpent), a Benjamite, and one of the fourteen descendants of Rachael who belonged to the original colony of the sons of Jacob in Egypt. (
The law of Moses, while it protected the accidental homicide, defined with additional strictness the crime of murder. It prohibited compensation or reprieve of the murderer, or his protection if he took refuge in the refuge city, or even at the altar of Jehovah. (
(yielding), the son of Merari the son of Kohath. (
(There has been great obscurity as to the instruments of music in use among the Hebrews, but the discoveries on the monuments of Egypt and Assyria have thrown much light upon the form and nature of these instruments. I. STRINGED INSTRUMENTS.—
is mentioned in (
“To the chief musician upon Muth-labben” is the title of (
an important town in Lycia, on the southwest coast of Asia Minor, on the river Andriacus, 21 miles from its mouth referred to in (
This substance is mentioned in (
a plant mentioned in (
(land of beech trees) (
(pleasantness), one of the sons of Caleb the son of Jephunneh. (
one of the towns of Judah in the district of the lowland or Shefelah. (
(loveliness).
(pleasantness).
the Gentile name of one of Job’s friends, Zophar the Naamathite. (
the family descended from Naaman, the grandson of Benjamin. (
(a maiden), the second wife of Ashur; a descendant of Judah. (
(handmaid), one of the valiant men of David’s armies. (
(juvenile), a city of Ephraim, which in a very ancient record, (
(juvenile) (the Hebrew is equivalent to Naarah, which is therefore the real form of the name), a place named (
(enchanter), the Greek form of the name Nahshon, Or Naashon. (
(fool) was a sheepmaster on the confines of Judea and the desert, in that part of the country which bore from its great conqueror the name of Caleb. (
(fruits), the victim of Ahab and Jezebel, was the owner of a small vineyard at Jezreel, close to the royal palace of Shab. (
(prepared) threshing floor, the place at which the ark had arrived in its progress from Kirjath-jearim to Jerusalem, when Uzzah lost his life in his too-hasty zeal for its safety. (
[Nahor]
(liberal).
(illuminating), the true form of Nagge, (
one of the ancestors of Christ. (
(pasture), one of the cities of Zebulun, given with its “suburbs” to the Merarite Levites. (
(torrents of God), one of the halting-places of Israel in the latter part of their progress to Canaan. (
(consolation), the brother of Modiah or Jehudiah, wife of Ezra. (
(merciful), a chief man among those who returned from Babylon with Zerubbabel and Jeshua. (
(snorter) the armor-bearer of Joab, called Nahari in the Authorized Version of (
The same as Naharai. (
(serpent).
(rest).
(hidden), the son of Vophsi, a Naphtalite, and one of the twelve spies. (
(snorting), the name of two persons in the family of Abraham.
(enchanter) son of Amminadab, and prince of the children of Judah (as he is styled in the genealogy of Judah,) (
(consolation). Nahum, called “the Elkoshite,” is the seventh in order of the minor prophets. His personal history is quite unknown. The site of Elkosh, his native place, is disputed, some placing it in Galilee, others in Assyria. Those who maintain the latter view assume that the prophet’s parents were carried into captivity by Tiglath-pileser and that the prophet was born at the village of Alkush, on the east bank of the Tigris, two miles north of Mosul. On the other hand, the imagery of his prophecy is such lie would be natural to an inhabitant of Palestine, (
(beauty), a village of Galilee, the gate of which is made illustrious by the raising of the widow’s son. (
(habitations), or more fully, “Naioth in Ramah,” a place of Mount Ephraim, the birthplace of Samuel and Saul, and in which Samuel and David took refuge together after the latter had made his escape from the jealous fury of Saul. (
or Nao’mi (my delight), the wife of Elimelech and mother-in-law of Ruth. (
(refreshment), the last but one of the sons of Ishmael. (
(wrestling), the fifth son of Jacob; the second child name to him by Bilhah, Rachel’s slave. His birth and the bestowal of his name are recorded in (
the mountainous district which formed the main part of the inheritance of Naphtali, (
(border-people), a Mizraite (Egyptian) nation or tribe mentioned only in the account of the descendants of Noah. (
(stupidity), a dweller at Rome, (
(a giver).
(gift of God), a disciple of Jesus Christ, concerning whom, under that name at least, we learn from Scripture little more than his birthplace, Cana of Galilee, (
(the gift of the king), a eunuch (Authorized Version “chamberlain”) in the court of Josiah. (
(consolation), son of Esli, and father of Amos, in the genealogy of Christ, (
(Heb. gao), anything convex or arched, as the boss of a shield, (
an inhabitant of Nazareth. This appellative is applied to,Jesus in many passages in the New Testament. This name, made striking in so many ways, and which, if first given in scorn, was adopted and gloried in by the disciples, we are told in (
(the guarded one) the ordinary residence of our Saviour, is not mentioned in the Old Testament, but occurs first in (
more properly Naz’irite (one separated), one of either sex who was bound by a vow of a peculiar kind to be set apart from others for the service of God. The obligation was either for life or for a defined time. There is no notice in the Pentateuch of Nazarites for life; but the regulations for the vow of a Nazarite of days are given. (
(shaking) a place which was one of the landmarks on the boundary of Zebulun. (
(new city) is the place in northern Greece where Paul and his associates first landed in Europe. (
(servant of Jehovah).
(fruitful), a family of the heads of the people who signed the covenant with Nehemiah. (
(heights), the “first-born of Ishmael,” (
(hidden folly), town of Benjamin, one of those which the Benjamites reoccupied after the captivity. (
(aspect), the father of Jeroboam, (
(prophet), Mount, the mountain from which Moses took his first and last view of the promised land. (32:41; 34:1) It is described as in the land of Moab, facing Jericho; the head or summit of a mountain called Pisgah, which again seems to have formed a portion of the general range of Abarim. (Notwithstanding the minuteness of this description, it is only recently that any one has succeeded in pointing out any spot which answers to Nebo. Tristram identifies it with a peak (Jebel Nebbah) of the Abarim or Moab mountains, about three miles southwest of Heshban (Heshbon) and about a mile and a half due west of Baal-meon. “It overlooks the mouth of the Jordan, over against Jericho,” (34:1) and the gentle slopes of its sides may well answer to the “field of Zophim.” (
(may Nebo protect the crown), was the greatest and most powerful of the Babylonian kings. His name is explained to mean “Nebo is the protector against misfortune.” He was the son and successor of Nabopolassar, the founder of the Babylonian empire. In the lifetime of his father Nebuchadnezzar led an army against Pharaoh-necho, king of Egypt, defeated him at Carchemish, B.C. 605, in a great battle (
(Nebo saves me), one of the officers of Nebuchadnezzar at the time of the capture of Jerusalem. He was Rab-saris, i.e. a chief of the eunuchs. (
(chief whom Nebo favors), the Rab-tabbachim i.e. chief of the slaughterers (Authorized Version “captain of the guard”), a high officer in the court of Nebuchadnezzar. On the capture of Jerusalem he was left by Nebuchadnezzar in charge of the city. Comp. (
(lame). (
(whom Jehovah impels) apparently one of the sons of Jeconiah or Jehoiachin, king of Judah. (
(stringed instruments), the singular of Neginoth. If occurs in the title of (
[Neginah]
the designation of a man named Shemaiah, a false prophet, who went with the captivity to Babylon. (
(consolation of the Lord).
like the preceding one of Ezra, is clearly and certainly not all by the same hand. [Ezra, Book Of, BOOK OF] By far the most important portion, indeed is the work of Nehemiah but other portions are either extracts from various chronicles and registers or supplementary narratives and reflections, some apparently by Ezra, others, perhaps the work of the same person who inserted the latest, genealogical extracts from the public chronicles. The main history contained in the book of Nehemiah covers about twelve years, viz., from the twentieth to the thirty-second year of Artaxerxes Langimanus i.e. from B.C. 445 to 433. The whole narrative gives us a graphic and interesting account of the state of Jerusalem and the returned captives in the writer’s times, and, incidentally, of the nature of the Persian government and the condition of its remote provinces, The book of Nehemiah has always had an undisputed place in the Canon, being included by the Hebrews under the general head of the book of Ezra, and, as Jerome tells us in the Prolog. Gal., by the Greeks and Latins under the name of the second book of Ezra.
The title of (
(consolation), one of those who returned from Babylon with Zerubbabel. (
(brass), the daughter of Elnathan of Jerusalem, wife of Jehoiakim and mother of Jehoiachin, kings of Judah. (
(a thing of brass), the name by which the brazen serpent made by Moses in the wilderness, (
(moved by God), a place which formed one of the landmarks of the boundary of the tribe of Asher. (
(cavern), one of the towns on the boundary of Naphtali. (
(distinguished).
(day of God).
(sprout).
(refreshed), an inaccurate variation (found in (
(expansions). The children of Nephishesim were among the Nethinim who returned with Zerubbabel. (
A form of the name Naphtali. (
(opening), The water of. The spring or source of the water or (inaccurately) waters of Nephtoah was one of the landmarks in the boundary line which separated Judah from Benjamin. (
(expansions), the same as Nephishesim, of which name according to Gesenius it is the proper form. (
(a light or lamp), son of Jehiel, according to (
(lamp), a Christian at Rome, saluted by St. Paul. (
(hero), one of the chief Assyrian and Babylonian deities, seems to have corresponded closely to the classical Mars. (
(prince of fire) occurs only in (
short form for Neriah (Jehovah is my lamp) son of Melchi and father of Salathiel, in the genealogy of Christ.
(lamp of Jehovah), the son of Maaseiah and father of Baruch and Seraiah.
[See FISHING]
(given of God).
(given of Jehovah).
(given, dedicated), As applied specifically to a distinct body of men connected with the services of the temple, this name first meets us in the later books of the Old Testament— in 1 Chronicles, Ezra and Nehemiah, The word and the ideas embodied in it may, however, be traced to a much earlier period. As derived from the verb nathan, i.e. give, set apart, dedicate, it was applied to those who were pointed to the liturgical offices of the tabernacle. We must not forget that the Levites were given to Aaron and his sons, i.e. to the priests as an order, and were accordingly the first Nethinim. (
(distillation), a town the name of which occurs only in the catalogue of those who returned with Zerubbabel from the captivity. (
an inhabitant of Neophah.
a well-known plant covered with minute sharp hairs; containing a poison that produces a painful, stifling sensation. It grows on neglected ground. A different Hebrew word in (
The first day of the lunar month was observed as a holy day. In addition to the daily sacrifice there were offered two young bullocks, a ram and seven lambs of the first year as a burnt offering, with the proper meat offerings and drink offerings, and a kid as a sin offering. (
It is proposed in this article to consider the text of the New Testament. The subject naturally divides itself into— I. The history of the written text; II. The history of the printed text. I. THE HISTORY OF THE WRITTEN TEXT.—
[Trumpets, Feast Of FEAST OF]
(pre-eminent). The descendants of Neziah were among the Nethinim who returned with Zerubbabel, (
(garrison, pillar), a city of Judah, (
(the barker), a deity of the Avites, introduced by them into Samaria in the time of Shalmaneser. (
(soft soil) one of the six cities of Judah, (
(conqueror).
(conqueror of the people), a Pharisee, a ruler of the Jews and a teacher of Israel, (
(followers of Nicolas), a sect mentioned in (
(victor of the people), (
(city of victory) is mentioned in (
(black) is the additional or distinctive name given to the Simeon who was one of the teachers and prophets in the church at Antioch. (
[Day]
The Hebrew word so translated, (
(blue, dark), the great river of Egypt. The word Nile nowhere occurs in the Authorized Version but it is spoken of under the names of Sihor [Sihor] and the “river of Egypt.” (
(limpid, pure), a place mentioned by this name in (
(limpid, pure), The waters of, a stream or brook within the country of Moab, which is mentioned in the denunciations of that nation by Isaiah. (
(rebellion; or the valiant), a son of Cush and grandson of Ham. The events of his life are recorded in (
(rescued), the grandfather of Jehu, who is generally called “the son of Nimshi.” (
(abode of Ninus), the capital of the ancient kingdom and empire of Assyria. The name appears to be compounded from that of an Assyrian deity “Nin,” corresponding, it is conjectured, with the Greek Hercules, and occurring in the names of several Assyrian kings, as in “Ninus,” the mythic founder, according to Greek tradition of the city. Nineveh is situated on the eastern bank of the river Tigris, 50 miles from its mouth and 250 miles north of Babylon. It is first mentioned in the Old Testament in connection with the primitive dispersement and migrations of the human race. Asshur, or according to the marginal reading, which is generally preferred, Nimrod is there described, (
the inhabitants of Nineveh. (
[Month]
(the great eagle) an idol of Nineveh, in whose temple Sennacherib was worshipping when assassinated by his sons, Adrammelech and Shizrezer. (
Mention of this substance is made in (
[No-Amon]
(whom Jehovah meets).
(temple of Amon) (
(motion), one of the five daughters of Zelophehad. (
(rest), the tenth in descent from Adam, in the line of Seth was the son of Lamech and grandson of Methuselah. (B.C. 2948-1998.) We hear nothing of Noah till he is 500 years old when It is said he begat three sons, Shem, Ham and Japheth. In consequence of the grievous and hopeless wickedness of the world at this time, God resolved to destroy it. Of Noah’s life during this age of almost universal apostasy we are told but little. It is merely said that he was a righteous man and perfect in his generations (i.e. among his contemporaries), and that he, like Enoch, walked with God. St. Peter calls him “a preacher of righteousness.” (
(high place) (
(barking), an Israelite warrior, (
(flight), the land to which Cain fled after the murder of Abel. [Cain]
(nobility), the name of an Arab tribe mentioned only in (
(brightness), one of the thirteen sons of David who were born to him in Jerusalem, (
(rest), the fourth son of Benjamin. (
(fish). Nun, the father of Joshua. (
[Memphis]
(blast), a place mentioned only in (
(
Like most Oriental nations, it is probable that the Hebrews in their written calculations made use of the letters of the alphabet. That they did so in post-Babylonian times we have conclusive evidence in the Maccabaean coins; and it is highly probable that this was the ease also in earlier times. But though, on the one hand, it is certain that in all existing MSS of the Hebrew text of the Old Testament the numerical expressions are written at length, yet, on the other, the variations in the several versions between themselves and from the Hebrew text, added to the evident inconsistencies in numerical statement between certain passages of that text itself seems to prove that some shorter mode of writing was originally in vogue, liable to be misunderstood, and in fact misunderstood by copyists and translators. These variations appear to have proceeded from the alphabetic method of writing numbers. There can be little doubt, however, that some at least of the numbers mentioned in Scripture are intended to be representative rather than determinative. Certain numbers, as 7,10,40,100, were regarded as giving the idea of completeness. Without entering into St. Augustine’s theory of this usage, we may remark that the notion of representative numbers in certain cases is one extremely common among eastern nations, who have a prejudice against counting their possessions accurately; that it enters largely into many ancient systems of chronology, and that it is found in the philosophical and metaphysical speculations not only of the Pythagorean and other ancient schools of philosophy, both Greek and Roman, but also in those of the later Jewish writers, of the Gnostics, and also of such Christian writers se St. Augustine himself. We proceed to give some instances of numbers used, (a) representatively, and thus probably by design indefinitely, or, (b) definitely, but, as we may say, preferentially, i.e. because some meaning (which we do not in all cases understand) was attached to them.
the fourth book of the law or Pentateuch. It takes its name in the LXX. and Vulgate (whence our “Numbers”) from the double numbering or census of the people, the first of which is given in chs. 1-4, and the second in ch. 28. Contents .—The book may be said to contain generally the history of the Israelites from the time of their leaving Sinai, in the second year after the exodus till their arrival at the borders of the Promised land in the fortieth year of their journeyings It consists of the following principal divisions: 1, The Preparations for the departure from Sinai. (
(fish, or posterity), the father of the Jewish captain Joshua. (
In ancient times the position of the nurse, wherever one was maintained, was one of much honor sad importance. See (
are mentioned among the good things of the things which the sons of Israel were to take as a present to Joseph in Egypt. (
(bridegroom), a wealthy and zealous Christian in Laodicea. (
(Heb. strong). There is much difficulty in determining the exact meanings of the several varieties of the term mentioned above. Sometimes, evidently, the terebinth or elm is intended and at others the oak. There are a number of varieties of oak in Palestine. (Dr. Robinson contends that the oak is generally intended, and that it is a very common tree in the East. Oaks grow to a large size, reach an old age and are every way worthy the venerable associations connected with the tree.—ED.) Two oaks, Quercus pseudo-coccifera and Q. aegilops, are well worthy of the name of mighty trees; though it is equally true that over a greater part of the country the oaks of Palestine are at present merely bushes.
The principle on which an oath is held to be binding is incidentally laid down in (
(servant of the Lord),
(stripped bare), son of Joktan, and, like the rest of family, apparently the founder of an Arab tribe. (
(serving).
(servant of Edom).
(chief of the camels), a keeper of the herds of camels in the reign of David. (
(bottles), one of the encampments of the Israelites, east of Moab. (
(troubled), an Asherite, father of Pagiel. (
(restoring).
[Adullam]
It is obvious that most, if not all, of the Hebrew words rendered “officer” are either of an indefinite character or are synonymous terms for functionaries known under other and more specific names, as “scribe,” “eunuch” etc. The two words so rendered in the New Testament denote—
(giant, literally long-necked), an Amoritish king of Bashan, whose rule extended over sixty cities. (
Of the numerous substances, animal and vegetable, which were known to the ancients as yielding oil, the olive berry is the one of which most frequent mention is made in the Scriptures.
(Heb. ets shemen). The Hebrew words occur in (
(An oily or unctuous substance, usually compounded of oil with various spices and resins and aromatics, and preserved in small alabaster boxes or cruses, in which the delicious aroma was best preserved. Some of the ointments have been known to retain their: fragrance for several hundred years. They were a much-coveted luxury, and often very expensive.—ED.)
I. TEXT OF THE OLD TESTAMENT.—
The olive was among the most abundant and characteristic vegetation of Judea. The olive tree grows freely almost everywhere on the shores of the Mediterranean, but it was peculiarly abundant in Palestine. See (6:11; 8:8; 28:40) Oliveyards are a matter of course in descriptions of the country like vines and cornfields. (
“The Mount of Olives” occurs in the Old Testament in (
(place of olives). (
(heavenly), a Christian at Rome. (
(eloquent, talkative), son of Eliphaz the first-born of Esau. (
The last letter of the Greek alphabet. It is used metephorically to denote the end of anything (
[Weights And Measures AND Measures.]
(pupil of Jehovah).
(abode or city of the sun), a town of lower Egypt, called BETH-SHEMESH in (
the son of Peleth and one of the chiefs of the tribe of Reuben, who took part with Korah, Dathan and Abiram in their revolt against Moses. (
(strong).
(strong), the second son of Judah by the Canaanitess, “the daughter of Shua.” (
(profitable, useful), the name of the servant or slave in whose behalf Paul wrote the Epistle to Philemon. He was a native, or certainly an inhabitant, of Colosse. (
(bringing profit) is named twice only in the New Testament, viz. (
the name of five high priests in the period between the Old and the New Testament.
This product is mentioned only in (
(strong), one of the towns of Benjamin, is first found in (
spoken of in (
(a nail) is the translation of the Hebrew shoham ; but there is some doubt as to its signification. Some writers believe that the “beryl” is intended; but the balance of authority is in favor of some variety of the onyx. (“The onyx is not a transparent stone, but as the color of the flesh appears through the nail (Greek onyx) on the human body, so the reddish mass which is below shines delicately through the whitish surface of the onyx. There are several varieties. White and reddish stripes alternating form the sardonyx; white and reddish gray, the chalcedony. When polished it has a fine lustre, and is easily wrought into a gem of great beauty.”-Rosenmiller.
(hill), a part of ancient Jerusalem. Ophel was the swelling declivity by which the mount of the temple slopes on its southern side into the valley of Hinnom—a long, narrowish rounded spur or promontory, which intervenes between the mouth of the central valley of Jerusalem (the Tyropoeon) and the Kidron, or valley of Jehoshaphat. Halfway down it on its eastern face is the (“Fount of the Virgin,” so called; and at its foot the lower outlet of the same spring—the Pool of Siloam. In (
(abundane).
(mouldy), a town of Benjamin, mentioned in (
(fawn).
[Garden]
(raven), one of the chieftains of the Midianite host which invaded Israel, and was defeated and driven back by Gideon. (
the “raven’s crag,” the spot, east of Jordan, at which the Midianite chieftain Oreb with thousands of his countrymen, fell by the hand of the Ephraimites, and which probably acquired its name therefrom. It is mentioned in (
(pine tree), one of the sons of Jerahmeel, the first-born of Hezron. (
(
(the giant), a large and bright constellation of 80 stars, 17 large ones, crossed by the equinoctial line. It is named after a mythical personage of the Greeks, of gigantic stature and “the handsomest man in the world.” The Arabs called it” the giant,” referring to Nimrod, the mighty hunter who was fabled to have been bound in the sky for his impiety. (
The number, variety and weight of the ornaments ordinarily worn upon the person form one of the characteristic features of Oriental costume, in both ancient and modem times. The monuments of ancient Egypt exhibit the persons of ladies load with rings, earrings Of vary great size, anklets, armlets, bracelets of the most varied forms, richly-ornamented necklaces, and chains of various kinds. There is sufficient evidence in the Bible that the inhabitants of Palestine were equally devoted to finery. In the Old Testament. Isaiah, (
(active). (
(a gazelle), a Moabite woman wife of Chilion son of Naomi, and thereby sister-in-law to Ruth. (
(salvation). [Joshua]
The Hebrew word occurs in (
(the bone-breaker). The Hebrew word occurs, as the name of an unclean bird, in (
a large bird, native of African and Arabia, nearly ten feet high, having s long neck and short wings. It seeks retired places, (
(lion of Jehovah), son of Shemaiah, the first-horn of Obed-edom. (
(lion of God), son of Kenaz and younger brother of Caleb. (
The eastern oven is of two kinds—fixed and portable. The former is found only in towns, where regular bakers are employed. (
A number of species of the owl are mentioned in the Bible, (
There was no animal in the rural economy of the Israelites, or indeed in that of the ancient Orientals generally, that was held in higher esteem than the ox and deservedly so, for the ox was the animal upon whose patient labors depended all the ordinary operations of farming. Oxen were used for ploughing, (22:10;
(power).
(strength from the Lord).
(hearing), one of the sons of Gad (
In the list of (
(field). Padan-aram. (
By this name, which signifies the table-land of Aram, i.e. Syriac, the Hebrews designated the tract of country which they otherwise called the Aram-naharaim, “Aram of the two of rivers,” the Greek Mesopotamia, (
(deliverance) the ancestor of a family of Nethinim who returned with Zerubbabel. (
(God allots) the son of Ocran and chief of the tribe of Asher at the time of the exodus. (
(governor of Moab), head of one of the chief houses of the tribe of Judah. Of the individual or the occasion of his receiving so singular a name nothing is known certainty but as we read in (
(blessing). [Pau]
(judge), the son of Uzai who assisted in restoring the walls of Jerusalem in the time of Nehemiah, (
(as a cosmetic). The use of cosmetic dyes has prevailed in all ages in eastern countries. We have abundant evidence of the practice of painting the eyes both in ancient Egypt and in Assyria; and in modern times no usage is more general. It does not appear, however, to have been by any means universal among the Hebrews. The notices of it are few; and in each instance it seems to have been used as a meretricious art, unworthy of a woman of high character. The Bible gives no indication of the substance out of which the dye was formed. The old versions agree in pronouncing the dye to have been produced from antimony. Antimony is still used for the purpose in Arabia and in Persia, but in Egypt the kohl is a root produced by burning either a kind of frankincense or the shells of almonds. The dye-stuff was moistened with oil and kept in a small jar. Whether the custom of staining the hands and feet, particularly the nails, now so prevalent in the past, was known to the Hebrews is doubtful. Painting as an art was not cultivated by the Hebrews, but they decorated their buildings with paint.
Palace in the Bible, in the singular and plural, is the rendering of several words of diverse meaning. (
(land of strangers). These two forms occur in the Authorized Version but four times in all, always in poetical passages; the first in (
(distinguished), the second son of Reuben, father of Eliab, (
(descendants of Pullu), The. (
(Heb. tamar). Under this generic term many species are botanically included; but we have here only to do with the date palm, the Phoenix dactylifera of Linnaeus. While this tree was abundant generally in the Levant, it was regarded by the ancients as peculiarly characteristic of Palestine and the neighboring regions, though now it is rare. (“The palm tree frequently attains a height of eighty feet, but more commonly forty to fifty. It begins to bear fruit after it has been planted six or eight years, and continues to be productive for a century. Its trunk is straight, tall and unbroken, terminating in a crown of emerald-green plumes, like a diadem of gigantic ostrich-feathers; these leaves are frequently twenty feet in length, droop slightly at the ends, and whisper musically in the breeze. The palm is, in truth, a beautiful and most useful tree. Its fruit is the daily food of millions; its sap furnishes an agreeable wine; the fibres of the base of its leaves are woven into ropes and rigging; its tall stem supplies a valuable timber; its leaves are manufactured into brushes, mats, bags, couches and baskets. This one tree supplies almost all the wants of the Arab or Egyptian.”—Bible Plants.) Many places are mentioned in the Bible as having connection with palm trees; Elim, where grew three score and ten palm trees, (
(Heb. gazam) occurs (
(contracted from paralysis). The loss of sensation or the power of motion, or both, in any part of the body. The infirmities included under this name in the New Testament were various:—
(whom Jehovah delivers), the Benjamite spy, son of Raphu. (
(whom God delivers), the son of Azzan and prince of the tribe of Issachar. (
(of every tribe), one of the coast-regions in the south of Asia Minor, having Cilicia on the east and Lycia on the west. In St. Paul’s time it was not only a regular province, but the emperor Claudius had united Lycia with it, and probably also a good part of Pisidia. It was in Pamphylia that St. Paul first entered Asia Minor, after preaching the gospel in Cyprus. He and Barnabas sailed up the river Cestrus to Perga. (
Of the six words so rendered in the Authorized Version, two seem to imply a shallow pan or plate, such as is used by the Bedouine and Syrians for baking or dressing rapidly their cakes of meal, such as were used in legal oblations; the others, a deeper vessel or caldron for boiling meat, placed during the process on three stones.
(sweet), an article of commerce exported from Palestine to Tyre, (
[Writing]
(boiling, or hot), a town at the west end of Cyprus, connected by a react with Salamis at the east end. It was founded B.C. 1184 (during the period of the judges in Israel). Paul and Barnabas travelled, on their first missionary expedition, “through the isle” from the latter place to the former, (
(The word parable is in Greek parable (parabole) which signifies placing beside or together, a comparison, a parable is therefore literally a placing beside, a comparison, a similitude, an illustration of one subject by another.—McClintock and Strong. As used in the New Testament it had a very wide application, being applied sometimes to the shortest proverbs, (
This is a word of Persian origin, and is used in the Septuagint as the translation of Eden. It means “an orchard of pleasure and fruits,” a “garden” or “pleasure ground,” something like an English park. It is applied figuratively to the celestial dwelling of the righteous, in allusion to the garden of Eden. (
(heifer-town) one of the cities in the territory allotted to Benjamin, named only in the lists of the conquest. (
(peace of caverns), a desert or wilderness, bounded on the north by Palestine, on the east by the valley of Arabah, on the south by the desert of Sinai, and on the west by the wilderness of Etham, which separated it from the Gulf of Suez and Egypt. The first notice of Paran is in connection with the invasion of the confederate kings. (
(open apartment), a word occurring in Hebrew and Authorized Version only in (
[Writing]
a word in English usage meaning the common room of the family, and hence probably in Authorized Version denoting the king’s audience-chamber, so used in reference to Eglon. (
(superior), one of the ten sons of Haman slain by the Jews in Shushan. (
(abiding), one of the seven deacons, “men of honest report, full of the Holy Ghost and wisdom.” (
(delicate), father or ancestor of Elizaphan prince of the tribe of Zebulun. (
(given by prayer), the eldest of Haman’s ten sons who were slain by the Jews in Shushan. (
This name occurs only in (
(Heb. kore) occurs only (
(flourishing), the father of Jehoshaphat, Solomon’s commissariat officer in Issachar. (
(Oriental regions), the name of an unknown place or country whence the gold was procured for the decoration of Solomon’s temple. (
(cut off), son of Japhlet, of the tribe of Asher. (
(boundary of blood). [EPHES-DAMMIM]
(lame).
(freedom).
Used in the plural, (
the first of the three great annual festivals of the Israelites celebrated in the month Nisan (March-April, from the 14th to the 21st. (Strictly speaking the Passover only applied to the paschal supper and the feast of unleavened bread followed, which was celebrated to the 21st.) (For the corresponding dates in our month, see Jewish calendar at the end of this volume.) The following are the principal passages in the Pentateuch relating to the Passover: (
(city of Patarus), a Lycian city situated on the southwestern shore of Lycia, not far from the left bank of the river Xanthus. The coast here is very mountainous and bold. Immediately opposite is the island of Rhodes. Patara was practically the seaport of the city of Xanthus, which was ten miles distant. These notices of its position and maritime importance introduce us to the single mention of the place in the Bible— (
(region of the south), a part of Egypt, and a Mizraite tribe whose people were called Pathrusim. In the list of the Mizraites the Pathrusim occur after the Naphtuhim and before the Caluhim; the latter being followed by the notice of the Philistines and by the Caphtorim. (
people of Pathros. [Pathros]
(
(father of a tribe), the name given to the head of a family or tribe in Old Testament times. In common usage the title of patriarch is assigned especially to those whose lives are recorded in Scripture previous to the time of Moses, as Adam, Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. (“In the early history of the Hebrews we find the ancestor or father of a family retaining authority over his children and his children’s children so long as he lived, whatever new connections they might form when the father died the branch families did not break off and form new communities, but usually united under another common head. The eldest son was generally invested with this dignity. His authority was paternal. He was honored as central point of connection and as the representative of the whole kindred. Thus each great family had its patriarch or head, and each tribe its prince, selected from the several heads of the families which it embraced.”—McClintock and Strong.) (“After the destruction of Jerusalem, patriarch was the title of the chief religious rulers of the Jews in Asia and in early Christian times it became the designation of the bishops of Rome, Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch and Jerusalem.”—American Cyclopedia .)
(paternal), a Christian at Rome to whom St. Paul sends his salutation. (
(bleating) (but in (
(small, little). Nearly all the original materials for the life St. Paul are contained in the Acts of the Apostles and in the Pauline epistles. Paul was born in Tarsus, a city of Cilicia. (It is not improbable that he was born between A.D. and A.D. 5.) Up to the time of his going forth as an avowed preacher of Christ to the Gentiles, the apostle was known by the name of Saul. This was the Jewish name which he received from his Jewish parents. But though a Hebrew of the Hebrews, he was born in a Gentile city. Of his parents we know nothing, except that his father was of the tribe of Benjamin, (
[Gabbatha]
a temporary movable tent or habitation.
(Heb. tuccyyim). Among the natural products which Solomon’s fleet brought home to Jerusalem, mention is made of “peacocks,” (
(Heb. gabish). The Hebrew word in (
(whom God redeems), the son of Ammihud, and prince of the tribe of Naphtali. (
(whom Jehovah redeems).
(whom the rock (i.e. God) redeems), father of Gamaliel, the chief of the tribe of Manasseh at the time of the exodus. (
(open-eyed), son of Remaliah, originally a captain of Pekaiah king of Israel, murdered his master seized the throne, and became the 18th sovereign of the northern kingdom, B.C. 757-740. Under his predecessors Israel had been much weakened through the payment of enormous tribute to the Assyrians (see especially) (
(whose eyes Jehovah opened), son and successor of Menahem was the 17th king of the separate kingdom of Israel, B.C. 759-757. After a brief reign of scarcely two years a conspiracy was organized against him by Pekah, who murdered him and seized the throne.
(visitation), an appellative applied to the Chaldeans. (
(distinguished by Jehovah).
(judged by Jehovah), the son of Amzi and ancestor of Adaiah. (
(delivered by Jehovah).
(division, part), son of Eber and brother of Joktan. (
(liberation),
(swiftness).
(couriers). [Cherethites]
(Heb. kaath, sometimes translated “cormorant,” as (
Two of David’s men, Helez and Ahijah, are called Pelonites. (
[Writing]
(face of God) the name which Jacob gave to the place in which he had wrestled with God: “He called the name of the place ’face of El,’ for I have seen Elohim face to face.” (
(coral or pearl), one of the two wives of Elkanah. (
In the New Testament “penny,” either alone or in the compound “pennyworth,” occurs as the rendering of the Roman denarius . (
is the Greek name given to the five books commonly called the “five books of Moses.” This title is derived from “pente”, five, and “teucos”) which, meaning originally “vessel” “instrument,” etc., came In Alexandrine Greek to mean “book” hence the fivefold book. In the time of Ezra and Nehemiah it was called “the law of Moses,” (
that is, the fiftieth day (from a Greek word meaning fiftieth), or Harvest Feast, or Feast of Weeks, may be regarded as a supplement to the Passover. It lasted for but one day. From the sixteenth of Nisan seven weeks were reckoned inclusively, and the next or fiftieth day was the day of Pentecost, which fell on the sixth of Sivan (about the end of May). (
[Peniel]
(cleft), a mountain peak in Moab belonging to the Abarim range, and near Pisgah, to which, after having ascended Pisgah, the prophet Balaam was conducted by Balak that he might look upon the whole host of Israel and curse them. (
(a breach), Mount, a name which occurs in (
(dung), the son of Machir by his wife Maachah. (
(breach). The “children of Perez,” or Pharez, the son of Judah, appear to have been a family of importance for many centuries. (
(breaking of Uzzah), (
The free use of perfumes was peculiarly grateful to the Orientals,
(
(earthy), a city of Pamphylia, (
(in Revised Version Pergamum) (height, elevation), a city of Mysia, about 3 miles to the north of the river Caicus, and 20 miles from its present mouth. It was the residence of a dynasty of Greek princes founded after the time of Alexander the Great, and usually called the Attalic dynasty, from its founder, Attalus. The sumptuousness of the Attalic princes hall raised Pergamos to the rank of the first city in Asia as regards splendor. The city was noted for its vast, library, containing 200,000 volumes. Here were splendid temples of Zeus or Jupiter, Athene, Apollo and AEsculapius. One of “the seven churches of Asia” was in Pergamos. (
In the Revised Version for Pergamos. (
(grain, kernel), The children of Perida returned from Babylon with Zerubbabel. (
and Per’izzites (belonging to a village), one of the nations inhabiting the land of promise before and at the time of its conquest by Israel. (B.C. 1450.) They are continually mentioned in the formula so frequently occurring to express the promised land. (
mentioned only in
(pure, splended), Per’sians. Persia proper was a tract of no very large dimensions on the Persian Gulf, which is still known as Fars or Farsistan, a corruption of the ancient appellation. This tract was bounded on the west by Susiana or Elam, on the north by Media on the south by the Persian Gulf and on the east by Carmania. But the name is more commonly applied, both in Scripture and by profane authors to the entire tract which came by degrees to be included within the limits of the Persian empire. This empire extended at one time from India on the east to Egypt and Thrace on the west, and included. besides portions of Europe and Africa, the whole of western Asia between the Black Sea, the Caucasus, the Caspian and the Jaxartes on the north, the Arabian desert the Persian Gulf and the Indian Ocean on the south. The only passage in Scripture where Persia designates the tract which has been called above “Persia proper” is (
(a Persian woman), a Christian woman at Rome, (
The same as Perida. (
[Plague, The, THE]
(a rock or stone). The original name of this disciple was Simon, i.e. “hearer.” He was the son of a man named Jonas, (
The external evidence of authenticity of this epistle is of the strongest kind and the internal is equally strong. It was addressed to the churches of Asia Minor which had for the most part been founded by Paul and his companions, Supposing it to have been written at Babylon, (
The following is a brief outline of the contents of this epistle: The customary opening salutation is followed by an enumeration of Christian blessings and exhortation to Christian duties. (
(freed by Jehovah).
(soothsayer), a town of Mesopotamia, where Balaam resided, and situated “upon the river,” possibly the Euphrates. (
(vision of God), the father of the prophet Joel. (
(my wages) properly Peullethai, the eighth son of Obed-edom. (
(division). Peleg the son of Eber. (
(distinguished), Pallu the son of Reuben is so called in the Authorized Version of (
(my deliverance), the son of Laish of Gallim, to whom Saul gave Michal in marriage after his mad jealousy had driven David forth as an outlaw. (
The same as Phalti. (
(face of God), the father of Anna, the prophetess of the tribe of Aser. (
the common title of the native kings of Egypt in the Bible, corresponding to P-ra or Ph-ra “the sun,” of the hieroglyphics. Brugsch, Ebers and other modern Egyptologists define it to mean ’the great house,” which would correspond to our “the Sublime Porte.” As several kings are mentioned only by the title “Pharaoh” in the Bible, it is important to endeavor to discriminate them:
The wife of one Pharaoh, the king who received Hadad the Edomite, is mentioned in Scripture. She is called “queen,” and her name, Tahpenes, is given. [Tahpenes; Pharaoh, 6]
Three Egyptian princesses, daughters of Pharaohs, are mentioned in the Bible:—
The son of Judah. (
(Perez, (
a religious party or school among the Jews at the time of Christ, so called from perishin, the Aramaic form of the Hebrew word perushim, “separated.” The chief sects among the Jews were the Pharisees, the Sadducees and the Essenes, who may be described respectively as the Formalists, the Freethinkers and the Puritans. A knowledge of the opinions and practices of the Pharisees at the time of Christ is of great importance for entering deeply into the genius of the Christian religion. A cursory perusal of the Gospels is sufficient to show that Christ’s teaching was in some respects thoroughly antagonistic to theirs. He denounced them in the bitterest language; see (
(
(swift), the second of the “two rivers of Damascus”—Abana and Pharpar—alluded to by Naaman. (
the descendants of Parez the son of Judah. (
(
a town on the coast of Asia Minor, on the confines of Lycia and Pamphylia, and consequently ascribed by the ancient writers sometimes to one and sometimes to the other.
[Phoebe]
(
(strong), chief captain of the army of Abimelech, king of the Philistines of Gerar in the days of both Abraham, (
strictly Philadelphi’a (brotherly love), a town on the confines of Lydia and Phrygia Catacecaumene, 25 southeast of Sardis, and built by Attalus II., king of Pergamos, who died B.C. 138. It was situated on the lower slopes of Tmolus, and is still represented by a town called Allah-shehr (city of God). Its elevation is 952 feet above the sea. The original population of Philadelphia. Seems to have been Macedonian; but there was, as appears from (
the name of the Christian to whom Paul addressed his epistle in behalf of Onesimus. He was a native probably of Colosse, or at all events lived in that city when the apostle wrote to him: first, because Onesimus was a Colossian, (
is one of the letters which the apostle wrote during his first captivity at Rome A.D. 63 or early in A.D. 64. Nothing is wanted to confirm the genuineness of the epistle: the external testimony is unimpeachable; nor does the epistle itself offer anything to conflict with this decision. The occasion of the letter was that Onesimus, a slave of Philemon, had run away from him to Rome, either desiring liberty or, as some suppose, having committed theft. (
(beloved) was possibly a disciple of Hymenaeus, with whom he is associated in (
(lover of horses) the apostle was of Bethsaida, the city of Andrew and Peter, (
is first mentioned in the account of the dispute between the Hebrew and Hellenistic disciples in
(named from Philip of Macedonia), a city of Macedonia about nine miles from the sea, to the northwest of the island of Thasos which is twelve miles distant from its port Neapolis, the modern Kavalla . It is situated in a plain between the ranges of Pangaeus and Haemus. The Philippi which St. Paul visited was a Roman colony founded by Augustus after the famous battle of Philippi, fought here between Antony and Octavius and Brutus and Cassius, B.C. 42. The remains which strew the ground near the modern Turkish village Bereketli are no doubt derived from that city. The original town, built by Philip of Macedonia, was probably not exactly on the same site. Philip, when he acquired possession of the site, found there a town named Datus or Datum, which was probably in its origin a factory of the Phoenicians, who were the first that worked the gold-mines in the mountains here, as in the neighboring Thasos. The proximity of the goldmines was of course the origin of so large a city as Philippi, but the plain in which it lies is of extraordinary fertility. The position, too, was on the main road from Rome to Asia, the Via Egnatia, which from Thessalonica to Constantinople followed the same course as the existing post-road. On St. Paul’s visits to Philippi, see the following article. At Philippi the gospel was first preached in Europe. Lydia was the first convert. Here too Paul and Silas were imprisoned. (
was St. Paul from Rome in A.D. 62 or 63. St. Paul’s connection with Philippi was of a peculiar character, which gave rise to the writing of this epistle. St. Paul entered its walls A.D. 52. (
(Heb. Pelesheth) (land of sojourners). The word thus translated (in) (
(immigrants), The origin of the Philistines is nowhere expressly stated in the Bible; but as the prophets describe them as “the Philistines-from Caphtor,” (
a Christian at Rome to whom St. Paul sends his salutation. (
It is the object of the following article to give some account (I.) of that development of thought among the Jews which answered to the philosophy of the West; (II.) of the systematic progress of Greek philosophy as forming a complete whole; and (III.) of the contact of Christianity with philosophy. I. THE PHILOSOPHIC DISCIPLINE OF THE JEWS.—Philosophy, if we limit the word strictly to describe the free pursuit of knowledge of which truth is the one complete end is essentially of western growth. In the East the search after wisdom has always been connected with practice. The history of the Jews offers no exception to this remark: there is no Jewish philosophy, properly so called. The method of Greece was to proceed from life to God; the method of Israel (so to speak) was to proceed from God to life. The axioms of one system are the conclusions of the other. The one led to the successive abandonment of the noblest domains of science which man had claimed originally as his own, till it left bare systems of morality; the other, in the fullness of time, prepared many to welcome the Christ—the Truth. The philosophy of the Jews, using the word in a large sense, is to be sought for rather in the progress of the national life than in special books. Step by step the idea of the family was raised into that of the people; and the kingdom furnished the basis of those wider promises which included all nations in one kingdom of heaven. The social, the political, the cosmical relations of man were traced out gradually in relation to God. The philosophy of the Jews is thus essentially a moral philosophy, resting on a definite connection with God. The doctrines of Creation and Providence, of an infinite divine person and of a responsible human will, which elsewhere form the ultimate limits of speculation, are here assumed at the outset. The Psalms, which, among the other infinite lessons which they convey, give a deep insight into the need of a personal apprehension of truth, everywhere declare the absolute sovereignty of God over the material and the moral world. One man among all is distinguished among the Jews as “the wise man”. The description which is given of his writings serves as a commentary on the national view of philosophy (
(mouth of brass).
(burning), a Christian at Rome whom St. Paul salutes. (
(radiant) the first and one of the most important of the Christian persons the detailed mention of whom nearly all the last chapter of the Epistle to the Romans. (A.D.55.) What is said of her, (
(land of palm trees) a tract of country, of which Tyre and Sidon were the principal cities, to the north of Palestine, along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea bounded by that sea on the west, and by the mountain range of Lebanon on the east. The name was not the one by which its native inhabitants called it, but was given to it by the Greeks, from the Greek word for the palm tree. The native name of Phoenicia was Kenaan (Canaan) or Kna, signifying lowland, so named in contrast to the ad joining Aram, i.e. highland, the Hebrew name of Syria. The length of coast to which the name of Phoenicia was applied varied at different times.
(dry, barren). Perhaps there is no geographical term in the New Testament which is less capable of an exact definition. In fact there was no Roman province of Phrygia till considerably after the first establishment of Christianity in the peninsula of Asia Minor. The word was rather ethnological than political, and denoted in a vague manner the western part of the central region of that peninsula. Accordingly, in two of the three places where it is used it is mentioned in a manner not intended to he precise. (
(bough), Gideon’s servant, probably his armor-bearer, comp. (
(
(a bow) the third name in the list of the sons of Ham (
(mouth), one of the sons of Issachar, (
(fugitive). [Hermogenes]
Used in the Revised Version in (
a town of lower Egypt, mentioned in (
In two of the three passages in which “picture” is used in the Authorized Version it denotes idolatrous representations, either independent images or more usually stones “portrayed,” i.e. sculptured in low relief, or engraved and colored. (
The rendering “pieces of gold,” as in (
I. In the Old Testament the word “pieces” is used in the Authorized Version for a word understood in the Hebrew (if we except) (
This word occurs but once in the Authorized Version: “Let them learn first to show piety at home,” better “toward their own household” or family. (
[TURTLE-DOVE]
a place before or at which the Israelites encamped, at the close of the third march from Rameses (the last place before they crossed the Red Sea), when they went out of Egypt. (
(armed with a spear), Pontius. Pontius Pilate was the sixth Roman procurator of Judea, and under him our Lord worked, suffered and died, as we learn not only from Scripture, but from Tacitus (Ann. xv. 44). was appointed A.D. 25-6, in the twelfth year of Tiberius. His arbitrary administration nearly drove the Jews to insurrection on two or three occasions. One of his first acts was to remove the headquarters of the army from Caesarea to Jerusalem. The soldiers of course took with them their standards, bearing the image of the emperor, into the holy city. No previous governor had ventured on such an outrage. The people poured down in crowds to Caesarea, where the procurator was then residing, and besought him to remove the images. After five days of discussion he gave the signal to some concealed soldiers to surround the petitioners and put them to death unless they ceased to trouble him; but this only strengthened their determination, and they declared themselves ready rather to submit to death than forego their resistance to aa idolatrous innovation. Pilate then yielded, and the standards were by his orders brought down to Caesarea. His slaughter of certain Galileans, (
(flame of fire), one of the eight sons of Nahor, Abraham’s brother by Iris wife and niece, Milcah. (
(worship), the name of one of the chief of the people, probably a family, who signed the covenant with Nehemiah. (
The notion of a pillar is of a shaft or isolated pile either supporting or not supporting a roof. But perhaps the earliest application of the pillar was the votive or monumental, This in early times consisted of nothing but a single stone or pile of stones. (
or rather “oak of the pillar” (that being the real signification of the Hebrew word elon), a tree which stood near Shechem and at which the men of Shechem and the house of Millo assembled to crown Abimelech the son of Gideon. (
(
(my deliverances), the representative of the priestly house of Moadiah or Maadiah, in the time of Joiakim the son of Jeshua. (
(of the temple), (
(darkness), one of the “dukes” of Edom,—that is, head or founder of a tribe of that nation. (
(Heb. chalil). The Hebrew word so rendered is derived from a root signifying “to bore, perforate” and is represented with sufficient correctness by the English “pipe” or “flute,” as in the margin of (
(like a wild ass; fleet) the Amorite king of Jarmuth at the time of Joshua’s conquest of Canaan. (
(princely), “in the land of Ephraim in the mount of the Amalekite,” a place in (
a native of or dweller in Pirathon. Two such are named in the Bible:—
(section, i.e. peak), (
(pitchy) was a district in Asia Minor north of Pamphylia, and reached to and was partly included in Phrygia. Thus Antioch in Pisidia was sometimes called a Phrygian town. St. Paul passed through Pisidia twice, with Barnabas, on the first missionary journey, i.e., both in going from Perga to Iconium, (
[Eden]
[Hell]
The three Hebrew words so translated all represent the same object, viz., mineral pitch or asphalt in its different aspects. Asphalt is an opaque, inflammable substance which bubbles up from subterranean fountains in a liquid state, and hardens by exposure to the air, but readily melts under the influence of heat. In the latter state it is very tenacious, and was used as a cement in lieu of mortar in Babylonia ((
This word is used in the Authorized Version to denote the earthen water-jars or pitchers with one or two handles, used chiefly by women for carrying water, as in the story of Rebekah. (
(the city of justice), one of the store-cites Israelites for the first oppressor, the Pharaoh “which knew not Joseph.” (
(harmless), one of the four sons of Micah, the son of Mephibosheth. (
The plague is considered to be a severe kind of typhus, accompanied by buboes (tumors).—Like the cholera, it is most violent at the first outbreak, causing almost instant death. Great difference of opinion has obtained as to whether it is contagious or not. It was very prevalent in the East, and still prevails in Egypt. Several Hebrew words are translated “pestilence” or “plague” but not one of these words call be considered as designating by its signification the disease now called the plague. Whether the disease be mentioned must be judged from the sense of passages, not from the sense of words. Those pestilences which were sent as special judgments, and were either supernaturally rapid in their effects or were in addition directed against particular culprits are beyond the reach of human inquiry. But we also read of pestilences which, although sent as judgments, have the characteristics of modern epidemics, not being rapid beyond nature nor directed against individuals. (
The occasion on which the plagues were sent is described in
This one term does duty in the Authorized Version for no less than seven distinct Hebrew words.
[Loan]
The Hebrew word (cimah) so rendered occurs in (
The ploughs of ancient Egypt consisted of a share-often pointed with iron or bronze—two handles and a pole which was inserted into the base of the two handles. Ploughs in Palestine have usually but one handle with a pole joined to it near the ground and drawn by oxen, cows or camels.
The children of Pochereth of Zebaim were among the children of Solomon’s servants who returned with Zerubbabel. (
[Castor And Pollux AND POLLUX]
[Marriage]
The pomegranate tree, Punicu granatum, derives its name from the Latin pomum granatum, “grained apple.” The Romans gave it the name of Punica, as the tree was introduced from Carthage. It belongs to the natural order Myrtaceae (Myrtle), being, however, rather a tall bush than a tree, The foliage is dark green, the flowers are crimson, the fruit, which is about the size of art orange, is red when which in Palestine is about the middle of October. It contains a quantity of juice. Mention is made in (Song of Solomon 8:2) of spiced wine of the juice of the pomegranate. The rind is used in the manufacture of morocco leather, and together with the bark is sometimes used medicinally. Mr. Royle (Kitto’s Cyc., art “Rimmon”) states that this tree is a native of Asia and is to be traced from Syria through Persia, even to the mountains of northern India. The pomegranate was early cultivated in Egypt; hence the complaint of the Israelites in the wilderness of Zin, (
only in (
The ponds of Egypt, (
[Pilate]
a large district in the north of Asia Minor, extending along the coast of the Pontus Euxinus Sea (Pontus), from which circumstance the name was derived. It corresponds nearly to the modern Trebizond. It is three times mentioned in the New Testament— (
Pools, like the tanks of India, are in many parts of Palestine and Syria the only resource for water during the dry season, and the failure of them involves drought and calamity. (
The general kindly spirit of the law toward the poor is sufficiently shown by such passages as (15:7) for the reason that (ver. 11) “the poor shall never cease out of the land.” Among the special enactments in their favor the following must be mentioned:
This is the rendering of the Hebrew word libneh, which occurs in (
one of the ten sons of Haman slain by the Jews in Shushan the palace. (
This word when used in the Authorized Version does not bear its modern signification of a carrier of burdens, but denotes in every case a gate-keeper, from the Latin portarius, the man who attended to the porta or gate.
The term “pot” is applicable to so many sorts of vessels that it can scarcely be restricted to any one in particular.
an Egyptian name, also written Potipherah, signifies belonging to the sun . Potiphar. with whom the history of Joseph is connected is described as an officer of Pharaoh chief of the executioners, an Egyptian.” (
was priest or prince of On, and his daughter Asenath was given Joseph to wife by Pharaoh. (
also in Authorized Version “sherd,” a broken piece of earthenware. (
[Lentils]
a piece of ground which, according to the statement of St. Matthew, (
The art of pottery is one of the most common and most ancient of all manufactures. It is abundantly evident, both that the Hebrews used earthenware vessels in the wilderness and that the potter’s trade was afterward carried on in Palestine. They had themselves been concerned in the potter’s trade in Egypt, (
(in the Revised Version translated palace,) (
Helez “the Paltite” is named in (
The object of this article will be to touch briefly on—
[Gift]
(sarac or sareca, only used (
The English word is derived from the Greek presbyter, signifying an “elder” (Heb. cohen). Origin.—The idea of a priesthood connects itself in all its forms, pure or corrupted, with the consciousness, more or less distinct of sin. Men feel that they have broken a law. The power above them is holier than they are, and they dare not approach it. They crave for the intervention of some one of whom they can think as likely to be more acceptable than themselves. He must offer up their prayers, thanksgivings, sacrifices. He becomes their representative in “things pertaining unto God.” He may become also (though this does not always follow) the representative of God to man. The functions of the priest and prophet may exist in the same person. No trace of a hereditary or caste priesthood meets us in the worship of the patriarchal age. Once and once only does the word cohen meet us as belonging to a ritual earlier than the time of Abraham. Melchizedek is “the priest of the most high God.” (
The only special uses of the word “prince” are—
In several passages of the New Testament the term “principalities and powers” appears to denote different orders of angels, good or bad. See (
(ancient), (
[For imprisonment as a punishment, see Punishments] It is plain that in Egypt special places were used as prisons, and that they were under the custody of a military officer. (
(leader of the chorus), one of the seven deacons, being the third of the list, and named next after Stephen and Philip. (
(for, or in place of, the consul). At the division of the provinces by Augustus, in the year B.C. 27, into senatorial and imperial, the emperor assigned to the senate such portions of territory as were peaceable and could be held without force of arms. Those which he retained were called imperial, and were governed by legates and procurators . [Procurator] Over the senatorial provinces the senate appointed by lot yearly an officer, who was called “proconsul” and who exercised purely proconsul, civil functions. The provinces were in consequence called “proconsular.”
The Greek agemon, rendered “governor” in the Authorized Version, is applied in the New Testament to the officer who presided over the imperial province of Judea. It is used of Pontius Pilate, (
The ordinary Hebrew word for prophet is nabi, derived from a verb signifying “to bubble forth” like a fountain; hence the word means one who announces or pours forth the declarations of God. The English word comes from the Greek prophetes (profetes), which signifies in classical Greek one who speaks for another, especially one who speaks for a god, and so interprets his will to man; hence its essential meaning is “an interpreter.” The use of the word in its modern sense as “one who predicts” is post-classical. The larger sense of interpretation has not, however, been lost. In fact the English word ways been used in a closer sense. The different meanings or shades of meanings in which the abstract noun is employed in Scripture have been drawn out by Locke as follows: “Prophecy comprehends three things: prediction; singing by the dictate of the Spirit; and understanding and explaining the mysterious, hidden sense of Scripture by an immediate illumination and motion of the Spirit.” Order and office .—The sacerdotal order was originally the instrument by which the members of the Jewish theocracy were taught and governed in things spiritual. Teaching by act and teaching by word were alike their task. But during the time of the judges, the priesthood sank into a state of degeneracy, and the people were no longer affected by the acted lessons of the ceremonial service. They required less enigmatic warnings and exhortations, under these circumstances a new moral power was evoked the Prophetic Order. Samuel himself Levite of the family of Kohath, (
(a stranger, a new comer), the name given by the Jews to foreigners who adopted the Jewish religion. The dispersion of the Jews in foreign countries, which has been spoken of elsewhere [Dispersion, The Jews Of The, THE], enabled them to make many converts to their faith. The converts who were thus attracted joined, with varying strictness, in the worship of the Jews. In Palestine itself, even Roman centurions learned to love the conquered nation built synagogues for them, (
The title of this book in Hebrew is taken from its first word, mashal, which originally meant “a comparison.” It is sometimes translated parable, sometimes proverb as here. The superscriptions which are affixed to several portions of the book, in chs. (
The present Hebrew name of the book is Tehill’im, “Praises;” but in the actual superscriptions of the psalms the word Tehillah is applied only to one, (
This was a stringed instrument of music to accompany the voice. The Hebrew nabel or nebel is so rendered in the Authorized Version in all passages where if occurs, except in (
was the common name of the Greek dynasty of Egyptian kings. PTOLEMAEUS I. SOTER, the son of Lagus, a Macedonian of low rank, distinguished himself greatly during the campaigns of Alexander; at whose death he secured for himself the government of Egypt, where he proceeded at once to lay the foundations of a kingdom, B.C. 323. He abdicated in favor of his youngest son, Ptolemy II. Philadelphus, two years before his death which took place in B.C. 283. Ptolemy Soter is described very briefly in Daniel, (
[Accho]
properly Puvvah. Phuvah the son of Issachar. (
(splendid).
The class designated by this word in the New Testament were employed as collectors of the Roman revenue. The Roman senate farmed the vectigalia (direct taxes) and the portorin (customs) to capitalists who undertook to pay a given sum into the treasury (in publicum), and so received the name of publicani . Contracts of this kind fell naturally into the hands of the equites, as the richest class of Romans. They appointed managers, under whom were the portitores, the actual custom-house officers, who examined each bale of goods, exported or imported, assessed its value more or less arbitrarily, wrote out the ticket, and enforced payment. The latter were commonly natives of the province in which they were stationed as being brought daily into contact with all classes of the population. The name pubicani was used popularly, and in the New Testament exclusively, of the portitores . The system was essentially a vicious one. The portitores were encouraged in the most vexatious or fraudulent exactions and a remedy was all but impossible. They overcharged whenever they had an opportunity, (
the chief man—probably the governor-of Melita, who received and lodged St. Paul and his companions on the occasion of their being shipwrecked off that island. (
(modest), a Christian friend of Timothy at Rome. (
According to (
an Assyrian king, and the first Assyrian monarch mentioned in Scripture. He made an expedition against Menahem, king of Israel, about B.C. 770. (
(lord), a country or nation mentioned in (
(seeds) usually means peas, beans and the seeds that grow in pods. In the Authorized Version it occurs only in (
The earliest theory of punishment current among mankind is doubtless the one of simple retaliation, “blood for blood.” Viewed historically, the first case of punishment for crime mentioned in Scripture, next to the Fall itself, is that of Cain, the first murderer. That death was regarded as the fitting punishment for murder appears plain from the remark of Lamech. (
the descendants of Pua, or Puvah, the son of Issachar. (
(darkness) one of the halting-places of the Israelite host during the last portion of the wandering. (
in its legal and technical sense, is applied to the ritual observances whereby an Israelite was formally absolved from the taint of uncleanness. The essence of purification, in all eases, consisted in the use of water, whether by way of ablution or aspersion; but in the majora delicta of legal uncleanness, sacrifices of various kinds were added and the ceremonies throughout bore an expiatory character. Ablution of the person and of the clothes was required in the cases mentioned in (
(lots), the annual festival instituted to commemorate the preservation of the Jews in Persia from the massacre with which they were threatened through the machinations of Haman. (
(flea). The descendants of Parosh, in number 2172, returned front Babylon with Zerubbabel. (
a bag for money. The Hebrews, when on a journey, were provided with a bag, in which they carried their money, (
(
(sulphurous springs), the great landing-place of travelers to Italy from the Levant, and the harbor to which the Alexandrian corn-ships brought their cargoes. (
One of the daughters of Putiel was wife of Eleazar the son of Aaron, and mother of Phinehas. (
occurs, (14:5) in the list of clean animals as the rendering of the Heb. dishon, the name apparently of one species of antelope, though it is by no means easy to identify it.
the father of Sopater of Berea. (
There can be no doubt that the Hebrew word in the Pentateuch (
(fourth), a Christian of Corinth, (
a military term signifying a guard of four soldiers, two of whom were attached to the person of a prisoner, while the other two kept watch outside the door of his cell. (
This title is properly applied to the queen-mother, since in an Oriental household it is not the wife but the mother of the master who exercises the highest authority. Strange as such an arrangement at sight appears, it is one of the inevitable results of polygamy. An illustration of the queen-mother’s influence is given in (
(
more properly THE Syrtis, The, (
a box made for the purpose of holding arrows. (
(horse’s mane), a son of Cush and father of the Cushite Sheba and Dedan. (
(thunder of Jehovah), one of the chiefs who returned with Zerubbabel. (
(
(great).
and Rabbath of the Ammonites, [See RABBATH]
[Ar]
a title of respect signifying master, teacher, given by the Jews to their doctors and teachers, and often addressed to our Lord. (
(multitude) a town in the territory, perhaps on the boundary, of Issachar. (
(
(
(chief of the eunuchs).
(chief cupbearer), (
a term of reproach derived from the Chaldee reka, worthless. (“Raca denotes a certain looseness of life and manners, while ’fool,’ in the same passage, means a downright wicked and reprobate person.”) (
[Games]
Rahab the harlot. (
(trade), (
(ewe, or sheep), the younger of the daughters of Laban, the wife of Jacob (B.C. 1753) and mother of Joseph and Benjamin. The incidents of her life may be found in Genesis29-33, 35. The story of Jacob and Rachel has always had a peculiar interest. The beauty of Rachel, Jacob’s deep love and long servitude for her, their marriage, and Rachel’s death on giving birth to Benjamin, with Jacob’s grief at her loss, (
(trampling), one of David’s brothers, fifth son of Jesse. (
one of the ancestors of our Lord, son of Peleg. (
an important city in northeastern Media, where that country bordered its ruins, still known by the name of Rhey, lie about five miles southeast of Teheran.
(friend of God).
a poetical name of Egypt, (
(wide), a celebrated woman of Jericho who received the spies sent by Joshua to spy out the land, hid them in her house from the pursuit of her countrymen, was saved with all her family when the Israelites sacked the city, and became the wife of Salmon and the ancestress of the Messiah. (
(belly). In the genealogy of the descendants of Caleb the son of Hezron, (
the original form in our Authorized Version of the now familiar Rachel. (
In the Bible “early rain” signifies the rain of the autumn, (11:14) and “latter rain” the rain of spring. (
the token of the covenant which God made with Noah when he came forth from the ark that the waters should no more become a flood to destroy all flesh. The right interpretation of (
[Vine]
(flower garden), a descendant of Machir the son of Manasseh. (
(shore), a fortified city in the tribe of Naphtali. (
(the temple) (of the head), a well-watered place in the inheritance of Dan, not fur from Joppa. (
(high, exalted).
[See BATTERING-RAM]
(
(a hill). This is the name of several places in the holy land.
one of the towns at the extreme south limit of Simeon. (
(the two heights of the watchers). [Ramah, 2]
Shimei the Ramathite, i.e. a native of Ramah, had charge of the royal vineyards of King David. (
(hill of the jawbone, or hill of Lehi), the name bestowed by Samson on the scene of his slaughter of the thousand Philistines with the jaw bone, (
(high place of the watch-tower). [RAMOTH-GILEAD]
(child of the sun), a city and district of lower Egypt. (
one who had taken “a strange wife.” (
(heights of Gilead), one of the great fastnesses on the east of jordan, and the key to an important district. (
(tall).
(the divine healer). According to Jewish tradition, Raphael was one of the four angels which stood round the throne of God—Michael, Uriel, Gabriel, Raphael.
a city of Gilead,
the father of Palti, the Benjamite spy. (
(black). The Hebrew oreb is applied to the several species of the crow family, a number of which are found in Palestine. The raven belongs to the order Insessores, family Corvidae . (It resembles the crow, but is larger weighing three pounds; its black color is more iridescent, and it is gifted with greater sagacity. “There is something weird and shrewd in the expression of the raven’s countenance, a union of cunning and malignity which may have contributed to give it among widely-revered nations a reputation for preternatural knowledge.” One writer says that the smell of death is so grateful to them that when in passing over sheep a tainted smell is perceptible, they cry and croak vehemently. It may be that in passing over a human habitation, if a sickly or cadaverous smell arises, they should make it known by their cries, and so has arisen the idea that the croaking of a raven is the premonition of death.—ED.) A raven was sent out by Noah from the ark. (
Besides other usages, the practice of shaving the head after the completion of a vow must have created among the Jews a necessity for the special trade of a barber. (
a Reubenite, son of Micah, and apparently prince of his tribe. (
(seen of Jehovah).
(four), one of the five kings of the Midianites slain by the children of Israel when Balaam fell. (
(
(ensnarer), daughter of Bethuel, (
(rider).
[Rechab]
(uttermost part), probably a place in Judah—a village, Rashiah, three miles south of Jerusalem.
an officer of high rank in the Jewish state, exercising the functions, not simply of an annalist, but of chancellor or president of the privy council. In David’s court the recorder appeal’s among the high officers of his household. (
Under this name may be noticed the following Hebrew words:
(bearer of Jehovah), one who went up with Zerubbabel. (
The refiner’s art was essential to the working of the precious metals. It consisted in the separation of the dress from the pure ore, which was effected by reducing the metal to a fluid state by the application of heat, and by the aid of solvents, such as alkali, (
[CITIES OF REFUGE] CITIES OF REFUGE - 1019
(friend) a son of Jahdai. (
(friend of the king). The names of Sherezer and Regem-melech occur in an obscure passage of Zechariah. (
(enlarged by Jehovah), the only son of Eliezer the son of Moses. (
(enlarger of the people), son of Solomon by the Ammonite princess Naamah, (
(wide places, i.e. streets).
(merciful).
(friendly), a person mentioned (in (
(i.e. kidneys). In the ancient system of physiology the kidneys were believed to be the seat of desire and longing, which accounts for their often being coupled with the heart. (
one of the towns of the allotment of Benjamin. (
(variegation).
(protected by Jehovah). The father of Pekah, captain of Pekahiah; king of Israel, who slew his master and usurped his throne. (
(height), one of the towns of Issachar. (
(pomegranate), a town in the allotment of Simeon, (
a place which formed one of the landmarks of Zebulun. (
(
(healed of God), son of Shemaiah, the first-born of Obed-edom. (
a son of Ephraim, and ancestor of Joshua. (
(healed of Jehovah).
[Giants]
(
the reading, in the Revised Version, for Remphan, (
(
(bridle), (
(flame), a son of Ephraim. (
(friend), son of Peleg, in the line of Abraham’s ancestors. (
(behold a son), Jacob’s firstborn Child, (
(friend of God) One of the sons of Esau, by his wife Bashemath, sister of Ishmael. (
(elevated), the concubine of Nahor, Abraham’s brother. (
the last book of the New Testament. It is often called the Apocalypse, which is its title in Greek, signifying “Revelation,”
(a hot stone), one of the places which Sennacherib mentions, in his taunting message to Hezekiah, as having been destroyed by his predecessor. (
(delight), an Asherite, of the sons of Ulla. (
(firm).
(prince), son of Eliadah, a Syrian, who when David defeated Hadadezer king of Zobah, put himself at the head of a band of freebooters and set up a petty kingdom at Damascus. (
(breach), an Italian town situated on the Bruttian coast, just at the southern entrance of the Straits of Messina. The name occurs in the account of St. Paul’s voyage from Syracuse to Puteoli, after the shipwreck at Malta. (
(head), son of Zorobabel in the genealogy of Christ. (
(rose), the name of a maid who announced Peter’s arrival at the door of Mary’s house after his miraculous release from prison. (
(rosy), a celebrated island in the Mediterranean Sea. (It is triangular in form, 60 miles long from north to south, and about 18 wide. It is noted now, as in ancient times, for its delightful climate and the fertility of its soil. The city of Rhodes, its capital, was famous for its huge brazen statue of Apollo called the Colossus of Rhodes. It stood at the entrance of the harbor, and was so large that ships in full sail could pass between its legs. ED.) Rhodes is immediately opposite the high Carian and Lycian headlands at the southwest extremity of the peninsula of Asia Minor. Its position had much to do with its history. Its real eminence began about 400 B.C. with the founding of the city of Rhodes, at the northeast extremity of the island, which still continues to be the capital. After Alexander’s death it entered on a glorious period, its material prosperity being largely developed, and its institutions deserving and obtaining general esteem. We have notice of the Jewish residents in Rhodes in
(pleader with Jehovah), the father of Ittai the Benjamite, of Gibeah. (
(fertility), One of the landmarks on the eastern boundary of the land of Israel, as specified by Moses. (
It is known that all ancient nations, and especially Orientals, were fond of riddles. The riddles which the queen of Sheba came to ask of Solomon, (
a deity worshipped by the Syrians of Damascus, where there was a temple or house of Rimmon. (
(pomegranate) the name of several towns.
The ring was regarded as an indispensable article of a Hebrew’s attire, inasmuch as it contained his signet. It was hence the symbol of authority. (
(a shout), one of the descendants of Judah. (
(spoken), the second son of Gomer. (
(heath), a march-station in the wilderness, (
(a ruin), a march-station in the wilderness. (
In the sense in which we employ the word viz. for a perennial stream of considerable size, a river is a much rarer object in the East than in the West. With the exception of the Jordan and the Litany, the streams of the holy land are either entirely dried up in the summer months converted into hot lanes of glaring stones, or else reduced to very small streamlets, deeply sunk in a narrow bed, and concealed from view by a dense growth of shrubs. The perennial river is called nahar by the Hebrews. With the definite article, “the river,” it signifies invariably the Euphrates. (
concubine to King Saul, and mother of his two sons Armoni and Mephibosheth. (B.C. 1080.) The tragic story of the love and endurance with which she watched over the bodies of her two sons, who were killed by the Gibeonites, (
This word occurs but once in the Authorized Version of the Bible, viz. in (
Robbery has ever been one of the principal employments of the nomad tribes of the East. From the time of Ishmael to the present day the Bedouin has been a “wild man,” and a robber by trade. (
The Hebrew words thus translated denote some species of antelope, probably the Gazella arabica of Syria and Arabia. The gazelle was allowed as food, (12:15,22) etc.; it is mentioned as very fleet of foot, (
(fullers) the residence of Barzillai the Gileadite, (
(clamor), an Asherite, of the sons of Shamer. (
A book in ancient times consisted of a single long strip of paper or parchment, which was usually kept rolled upon a stick, and was unrolled when a person wished to read it. The roll was usually written on one side only, and hence the particular notice of one that was “written within and without.” (
one of the fourteen sons of Heman. (
the famous capital of the ancient world, is situated on the Tiber at a distance of about 15 miles from its mouth. The “seven hills,” (
[House]
The references to “room” in (
occurs twice only, viz. in (Song of Solomon 2:1;
(
(head). In the genealogy of (
Properly “naphtha,” as it is both in the LXX. and the Vulgate, as well as in the Peshito-Syriac. Pliny mentions naphtha as a product of Babylonia, similar in appearance to liquid bitumen, and having a remarkable affinity to fire.
Concerning the meaning of the Hebrew words translated “rubies” there is much difference of opinion. (
occurs only in (
(red) is mentioned in (
(having obtained mercy). (
(high), mentioned once only— (
(a female friend) a Moabitish woman, the wife, first of Mahlon, second of Boaz, the ancestress of David and Christ, and one of the four women who are named by St. Matthew in the genealogy of Christ. A severe famine in the land of Judah induced Elimelech, a native of Bethlehem—ephratah, to emigrate into the land of Moab, with his wife Naomi, and his two sons, Mahlon and Chilion. This was probably about the time of Gideon, B.C. 1250. At the end of ten years Naomi now left a widow and childless, having heard that there was plenty again in Judah, resolved to return to Bethlehem, and her daughter-in-law Ruth returned with her. They arrived at Bethlehem just at the beginning of barley harvest, and Ruth, going out to glean, chanced to go into the field of wheat, a wealthy man and a near kinsman of her father-in-law, Elimelech. Upon learning who the stranger was, Boaz treated her with the utmost kindness and respect, and sent her home laden with corn which she had gleaned. Encouraged by this incident, Naomi instructed Ruth to claim at the hand of Boaz that he should perform the part of her husband’s near kinsman, by purchasing the inheritance of Elimelech and taking her to be his wife. With all due solemnity, Boaz took Ruth to be his wife, amidst the blessings and congratulations of their neighbors. Their son, Obed, was ’the father of Jesse, who was the father of David.
contains the history of Ruth, as narrated in the preceding article. The main object of the writer is evidently to give an account of David’s ancestors; and the book was avowedly composed long after the time of the heroine. See (
(Heb. cussemeth) occurs in (
(why hast thou forsaken me?), part of Christ’s fourth cry on the cross. (
occurs in (
(shabbath), “a day of rest,” from shabath “to cease to do to,” “to rest”). The name is applied to divers great festivals, but principally and usually to the seventh day of the week, the strict observance of which is enforced not merely in the general Mosaic code, but in the Decalogue itself. The consecration of the Sabbath was coeval with the creation. The first scriptural notice of it, though it is not mentioned by name, is to be found in (
(
Each seventh year, by the Mosaic code, was to be kept holy. (
[Sheba]
(striking), (
(striking), (
(wages).
(
cloth used in making sacks or bags, a coarse fabric, of a dark color, made of goat’s hair, (
The peculiar features of each kind of sacrifice are referred to under their respective heads. I. (A) ORIGIN OF SACRIFICE.—The universal prevalence of sacrifice shows it to have been primeval, and deeply rooted in the instincts of humanity. Whether it was first enjoined by an external command, or whether it was based on that sense of sin and lost communion with God which is stamped by his hand on the heart of man, is a historical question which cannot be determined. (B) ANTE-MOSAIC HISTORY OF SACRIFICE.—In examining the various sacrifices recorded in Scripture before the establishment of the law, we find that the words specially denoting expiatory sacrifice are not applied to them. This fact does not at all show that they were not actually expiatory, but it justified the inference that this idea was not then the prominent one in the doctrine of sacrifice. The sacrifices of Cain and Abel are called minehah, tend appear to have been eucharistic. Noah’s, (
(followers of Zadok), (
(Greek form of Zadok, just).
(yellow). (Song of Solomon 4:14) Saffron has front the earliest times been in high esteem as a perfume. “It was used,” says Rosenmuller, “for the same purposes as the modern pot-pourri.” The word saffron is derived from the Arabic zafran, “yellow.” (The saffron (Crocus sativus) is a kind of crocus of the iris family. It is used its a medicine, as a flavoring and as a yellow dye. Homer, Virgil and Milton refer to its beauty in the landscape. It abounds in Palestine name saffron is usually applied only to the stigmas and part of the style, which are plucked out and dried.—ED.)
(sprout), the son of Arphaxad, and father of Eber. (
(suit), a city at the east end of the island of Cyprus, and the first place visited by Paul and Barnabas, on the first missionary journey, after leaving the mainland at Seleucia. Here alone, among all the Greek cities visited by St. Paul, we read expressly of “synagogues” in the plural, (
(I have asked of God). (
(migration), a city named in the early records of Israel as the extreme limit of Bashan, (3:10;
(peace).
(peace), a place named (
(garment), (
the father of Boar. [Salma, Or Salmon]
a hill near Shechem, on which Abimelech and his followers cut down the boughs with which they set the tower of Shechem on fire. (
(clothed), the east point of the island of Crete. (
(peaceful).
Indispensable as salt is to ourselves, it was even more so to the Hebrews, being to them not only an appetizing condiment in the food both of man, (
[Sea, The Salt, THE SALT]
the fifth of the six cities of Judah which lay in the “wilderness.” (
a valley in which occurred two memorable victories of the Israelite arms:
(weighed), the father of Zimri the prince of the Simeonites who was slain by Phinehas. (
Salutations may be classed under the two heads of conversational and epistolary. The salutation at meeting consisted in early times of various expressions of blessing, such as “God be gracious unto thee,” (
(watch mountain). This city is situated 30 miles north of Jerusalem and about six miles to the northwest of Shechem, in a wide basin-shaped valley, six miles in diameter, encircled with high hills, almost on the edge of the great plain which borders upon the Mediterranean. In the centre of this basin, which is on a lower level than the valley of Shechem, rises a less elevated hill, with steep yet accessible sides and a long fiat top. This hill was chosen by Omri as the site of the capital of the kingdom of Israel. He “bought the hill of Samaria of Shemer for two talents of silver, and built on the hill, and called the name of the city which he built, after the name of the owner of the hill, Samaria.” (
Samaria at first included all the tribes over which Jeroboam made himself king, whether east or west of the river Jordan. (
a recension of the commonly received Hebrew text of the Mosaic law, in use among the Samaritans, and written in the ancient Hebrew or so-called Samaritan character. The origin of the Samaritan Pentateuch has given rise to much controversy, into which we cannot here enter. The two most usual opinions are—
Strictly speaking, a Samaritan would be an inhabitant of the city of Samaria, but the term was applied to all the people of the kingdom of Israel. After the captivity of Israel, B.C. 721, and in our Lord’s time, the name was applied to a peculiar people whose origin was in this wise. At the final captivity of Israel by Shalmaneser, we may conclude that the cities of Samaria were not merely partially but wholly depopulated of their inhabitants in B.C. 721, and that they remained in this desolated state until, in the words of (
(sword of Nebo), one of the princes or generals of the king of Babylon. (
(garment), (
a Greek island off that part of Asia Minor where Ionia touches Caria. Samos comes before our notice in the detailed account of St. Paul’s return from his third missionary journey. (
In the Revised Version for Samothracia.
Mention is made of this island in the account of St. Paul’s first voyage to Europe. (
(like the sun), son of Manoah, a man of the town of Zorah in the tribe of Dan, on the border of Judah. (
was the son of Elkanah and Hannah, and was born at Ramathaim-zophim, among the hills of Ephraim. [Ramah No. 2] (B.C. 1171.) Before his birth he was dedicated by his mother to the office of a Nazarite and when a young child, 12 years old according to Josephus he was placed in the temple, and ministered unto the Lord before Eli.” It was while here that he received his first prophetic call. (
are not separated from each other in the Hebrew MSS., and, from a critical point of view, must be regarded as one book. The present, division was first made in the Septuagint translation, and was adopted in the Vulgate from the Septuagint. The book was called by the Hebrews: “Samuel,” probably because the birth and life of Samuel were the subjects treated of in the beginning of the work. The books of Samuel commence with the history of Eli and Samuel, and contain all account of the establishment of the Hebrew monarchy and of the reigns of Saul and David, with the exception of the last days of the latter monarch which are related in the beginning of the books of Kings, of which those of Samuel form the previous portion. [Kings, First And Second Books Of, B00KS OF] Authorship and date of the book,—
(strength), a Moabite of Horonaim. (
was the article ordinarily used by the Hebrews for protecting the feet. It consisted simply of a sole attached to the foot by thongs. We have express notice of the thong (Authorized Version “shoe latchet”) in several passages, notably (
(from the Greek sunedrion, “a council-chamber” commonly but in correctly Sanhedrim), the supreme council of the Jewish people in the time of Christ and earlier.
(palm branch), one of the towns in the south district of Judah, named in (
(tall), one of the sons of the giant slain by Sibbechai the Hushathite. (
(fair), one of the villages addressed by the prophet Micha, (
[Ananias]
(Heb. sappir), a precious stone, apparently of a bright-blue color, set: (
Greek form of Sarah.
(princess).
(my princess) the original name of Sarah wife of Abraham.
(burning) mentioned in (
(red) (Heb. odem) the stone which occupied the first place in the first row of the high priest’s breastplate. (
a city of Asia Minor and capital of Lydia, situated about two miles to the south of the river Hermus, just below the range of Tmolus, on a spur of which its acropolis was built. It was 60 miles northeast of Smyrna. It was the ancient residence of the kings of Lydia, among them Croesus, proverbial for his immense wealth. Cyrus is said to have taken,000,000 worth of treasure form the city when he captured it, B.C. 548. Sardis was in very early times, both from the extremely fertile character of the neighboring region and from its convenient position, a commercial mart of importance. The art of dyeing wool is said to have been invented there. In the year 214 B.C. it was taken and sacked by the army of Antiochus the Great. Afterward it passed under the dominion of the kings of Pergamos. Its productive soil must always have continued a source of wealth; but its importance as a central mart appears to have diminished from the time of the invasion of Asia by Alexander. The massive temple of Cybele still bears witness in its fragmentary remains to the wealth and architectural skill of the people that raised it. On the north side of the acropolis, overlooking the valley of the Hermus, is a theatre near 400 feet in diameter, attached to a stadium of about 1000. There are still considerable remains of the ancient city at Sert-Kalessi . Travellers describe the appearance of the locality as that of complete solitude. The only passage in which it is mentioned in the Bible is (
descendants of Sered the son of Zebulun. (
a name compounded of sard and onyx, two precious stones, varieties of chalcedony or agate. The sardonyx combines the qualities of both, whence its name. It is mentioned only in (
(prince of the sea), one of the greatest of the Assyrian kings, is mentioned by name but once in Scripture— (
(survivor), a chief landmark of the territory of Zebulun. (
the district in which Lydda stood, (
are among the sons of the servants of Solomon who returned with Zerubbabel.
(prince of the eunuchs), one of the generals of Nebuchadnezzar’s army at the taking of Jerusalem. (
(
The word itself, the Hebrew satan, is simply an “adversary,” and is so used in (
(sa’tyr or sat’yr), a sylvan deity or demigod of Greek mythology, represented as a monster, part man and part goat. (
(desired), more accurately Shaul.
Egyptian saws, so far as has yet been discovered, are single-handed. As is the case in modern Oriental saws, the teeth usually incline toward the handle, instead of away from it like ours. They have, in most cases, bronze blades, apparently attached to the handles by leathern thongs. No evidence exists of the use of the saw applied to stone in Egypt, but we read of sawn stones used in the temple. (
[Atonement, The Day Of, Day OF]
[Colors]
This word originally meant a rod or staff . It was thence specifically applied to the shepherd’s crook, (
a Jew residing at Ephesus at the time of St. Paul’s second visit to that town. (
(In the early ages most of the instruction of young children was by the parents. The leisure hours of the Sabbaths and festival days brought the parents in constant contact with the children. After the captivity schools came more into use, and at the time of Christ were very abundant. The schools were in connection with the synagogues, which were found in every village of the city and land. Their idea of the value of schools may be gained from such sayings from the Talmud as “The world is preserved by the breath of the children in the schools;” “A town in which there are no schools must perish;” “Jerusalem was destroyed because the education of children was neglected.” Josephus says, “Our principal care is to educate our children.” The Talmud states that in Bechar there were 400 schools, having each 400 teachers, with 400 children each and that there were 4000 pupils in the house of Rabban Simeon Ben-Gamaliel. Maimonides thus describes a school: “The teacher sat at the head, and the pupils surrounded him as the crown the head so that every one could see the teacher and hear his words. The teacher did not sit in a chair while the pupils sat on the ground but all either sat on chairs or on the ground.” The children read aloud to acquire fluency. The number of school-hours was limited, and during the heat of the summer was only four hours. The punishment employed was beating with a strap, never with a rod. The chief studies were their own language and literature the chief school-book the Holy Scriptures; and there were special efforts to impress lessons of morality and chastity. Besides these they studied mathematics, astronomy and the natural sciences. Beyond the schools for popular education there were higher schools or colleges scattered throughout the cities where the Jews abounded.—ED.)
(Heb. ’akrab), a well known venomous insect of hot climates, shaped much like a lobster. It is usually not more than two or three inches long, but in tropical climates is sometimes six inches in length. The wilderness of Sinai is especially alluded to as being inhabited by scorpions at the time of the exodus, and to this day these animals are common in the same district, as well as in some parts of Palestine. Scorpions are generally found in dry and in dark places, under stones and in ruins. They are carnivorous in the habits, and move along in a threatening attitude, with the tail elevated. The sting, which is situated at the end of the tail, has at its base a gland that secretes a poisonous fluid, which is discharged into the wound by two minute orifices at its extremity. In hot climates the sting often occasions much suffering, and sometimes alarming symptoms. The “scorpions” of (
The punishment of scourging was common among the Jews. The instrument of punishment in ancient Egypt, as it is also in modern times generally in the East, was usually the stick, applied to the soles of the feet—bastinado. Under the Roman method the culprit was stripped, stretched with cords or thongs on a frame and beaten with rods. (Another form of the scourge consisted of a handle with three lashes or thongs of leather or cord, sometimes with pieces of metal fastened to them. Roman citizens were exempt by their law from scourging.)
(Heb.sopherim), I. Name .— (1) Three meanings are connected with the verb saphar, the root of sopherim— (a) to write, (b) to set in order, (c) to count. The explanation of the word has been referred to each of these. The sopherim were so called because they wrote out the law, or because they classified and arranged its precepts, or because they counted with scrupulous minuteness every elapse and letter It contained. (2) The name of Kirjath-sepher, (
The Hebrew word thus translated appears in (
[See Bible]
occurs in (
[BETH-SHEAN]
The sea, yam, is used in Scripture to denote—
In the place of the laver of the tabernacle Solomon caused a laver to be cast for a similar purpose, which from its size was called a sea. It was made partly or wholly of the brass, or rather copper, which was captured by David from “Tibhath and Chun, cities of Hadarezer king of Zobah.” (
the usual and perhaps the most ancient name for the remarkable lake which to the western world is now generally known as the Dead Sea. I. Names.— (1) The Salt Sea, (
The importance attached to seals in the East is so great that without one no document is regarded as authentic. Among the methods of sealing used in Egypt at a very early period were engraved stones, graved stones, pierced through their length and hung by a string or chain from the arm or neck, or set in rings for the finger. The most ancient form used for this purpose was the scarabaeus, formed of precious or common stone, or even of blue pottery or porcelain, on the flat side of which the inscription or device was engraved. In many cases the seal consisted of a lump of clay, impressed with the seal and attached to the document, whether of papyrus or other material, by strings. In other cases wax was used. In sealing a sepulchre or box, the fastening was covered with clay or wax, and the impression from a seal of one in authority was stamped upon it, so that it could not be broken open without discovery. The signet-ring was an ordinary part of a man’s equipment. (
(pl. Sebaim ; in Authorized Version incorrectly rendered Sabeans) heads the list of the sons of Cush. Besides the mention of Seba in the lists of the pens of Cush, (
(a rod). [Month]
(thicket), one of the six cities of Judah which were situated in the Midbar (“wilderness”), that is, the tract bordering on the Dead Sea. (
(the watch-tower), a place mentioned once only— (
(fortunate), a Thessalonian Christian. (
(elevated).
(hairy, Shaggy),
(the shaggy), the place to which Ehud fled after his murder of Eglon. (
(the rock), (
This word, which is found only in the poetical books of the Old Testament, occurs seventy-one times in the Psalms and three times in Habakkuk. It is probably a term which had a meaning in the musical nomenclature of the Hebrews, though what that meaning may have been is now a matter of pure conjecture. (Gesenius and Ewald and others think it has much the same meaning as our interlude,—a pause in the voices singing, while the instruments perform alone.)
(the cliff of escapes or of divisions), a rock or cliff in the wilderness of Maon, southeast of Hebron, the scene of one of those remarkable escapes which are so frequent in the history of Saul’s pursuit of David. (
(exultation), one of the sons of Nadab, a descendant of Jerahmeel: (
(named after its founder, Seleucus), near the mouth of the Orontes, was practically the seaport of Antioch. The distance between the two towns was about 16 miles. St. Paul, with Barnabas, sailed from Seleucia at the beginning of his first missionary circuit. (
the name of five kings of the Greek dominion of Syria who are hence called Seleucidae . Only one—the fourth—is mentioned in the Apocrypha.
(Philopator), son of Antiochus the Great, whom he succeeded B.C. 187 “king of Asia,”
Shem the patriarch. (
(Jehovah sustains him) one of the sons of SKEMAIAH, 9. (
(the Greek form of Shimei).
In the Revised Version of (
[Shemitic Languages LANGUAGES; Hebrew Language]
(thorny). The “children (i.e. the inhabitants) of Senaah” are enumerated among the “people of Israel” who returned from the captivity with Zerubbabel. (
(thorn), the name of one of the two isolated rocks which stood in the “passage of Michmash,” (
(snow mountain), (
(sin, the moon, increases brothers), was the son and successor of Sargon. [Sargon] His name in the original is read as Tsinakki-irib, the meaning of which, as given above indicates that he was not the first-born of his father. Sennacherib mounted the throne B.C. 702. His efforts were directed to crushing the revolt of Babylonia, which he invaded with a large army. Merodach-baladan ventured on a battle, but was defeated and driven from the country. In his third year, B.C. 700, Sennacherib turned his arms toward the west, chastised Sidon, and, having probably concluded a convention with his chief enemy finally marched against Hezekiah, king of Judah. It was at this time that “Sennacherib came up against all the fenced cities of Judah, and took them.” (
(bristling, properly Hassenuah, with the definite article), a Benjamite. (
(barley), the chief of the fourth of the twenty-four courses of priests. (
(a numbering). It is written after the enumeration of the sons of Joktan, “And their dwelling was from Mesha as thou goest unto Sephar a mount of the east.” (
(separated), a name which occurs in (
(the two Sipparas) is mentioned by Sennacherib in his letter to Hezekiah as a city whose king had been unable to resist the Assyrians. (
the Greek form of the ancient word has-Shefelah, the native name for the southern division of the low-lying flat district which intervenes between the central highlands of the holy land and the Mediterranean, the other and northern portion of which was known as Sharon. The name occurs throughout the topographical records of Joshua. The historical works, and the topographical passages in the prophets always with the article prefixed, and always denoting the same region. In each of these passages, however, the word is treated in the Authorized Version not as a proper name, analogous to the Campagna, the Wolds, the Carse, but as a mere appellative, and rendered “the vale,” “the valley,” “the plain,” “the low plains,” and “the low country.” The Shefelah was and is one of the most productive regions of the holy land. It was in ancient times the cornfield of Syria, and as such the constant subject of warfare between Philistines and Israelites, and the refuge of the latter when the harvests in the central country were ruined by drought. (
(The seventy). The Septuagint or Greek version of the Old Testament appears at the present day in four principal editions:—
the daughter of Asher, (
(burning, glowing), an order of celestial beings, whom Isaiah beheld in vision standing above Jehovah as he sat upon his throne. (
(fear), the first-born of Zebulun. (
was the proconsul of Cyprus when the apostle Paul visited that island with Barnabas on his first missionary tour. (
The Hebrew word nachash is the generic name of any serpent. The following are the principal biblical allusions to this animal its subtlety is mentioned in (
(branch), son of Reu and great grandfather of Abraham. His age is given in the Hebrew Bible as 230 years. (
[Slave]
(compensation), (
(hidden), the Asherite spy, son of Michael. (
The frequent recurrence of certain numbers in the sacred literature of the Hebrews is obvious to the most superficial reader, but seven so far surpasses the rest, both in the frequency with which it recurs and in the importance of the objects with which it is associated, that it may fairly be termed the representative symbolic number. The influence of the number seven was not restricted to the Hebrews; it prevailed among the Persians, ancient Indians, Greeks and Romans. The peculiarity of the Hebrew view consists in the special dignity of the seventh, and not simply in that of seen. The Sabbath being the seventh day suggested the adoption of seven as the coefficient, so to say, for their appointment of all sacred periods; and we thus find the 7th month ushered in by the Feast of Trumpets, and signalized by the celebration of the Feast of Tabernacles and the Great Day of Atonement; 7 weeks as the interval between the Passover and the Pentecost; the 7th year as the sabbatical year; and the year: succeeding 7X7 years as the Jubilee year. Seven days were appointed as the length of the feasts of Passover and Tabernacles; 7 days for the ceremonies of the consecration of priests, and so on; 7 victims to be offered on any special occasion, as in Balaam’s sacrifice. (
(home of foxes), a town in the allotment of Dan. (
Eliahba the Shaalbonite was one of David’s thirty seven heroes. (
(division).
(two gates), a city in the territory allotted to Judah, (
(servant of the beautiful), the eunuch in the palace of Xerxes who had the custody of the women in the second house. (
(sabbatical) a Levite in the time of Ezra. (
(announcemant) a son of Shaharaim by his wife Hodesh. (
(the Mighty), an ancient name of God, rendered “Almighty” everywhere in the Authorized Version, is found in connection with el, “God,” El Shaddai being then rendered “God Almighty.” By the name or in the character of El-Shaddai God was known to the patriarchs, (
(royal, or the great scribe) the Hebrew, or rather Chaldee, name of Hananiah. The history of Shadrach or Hananiah, as told in Dani 1-3 is well known. After their deliverance from the furnace, we hear no more of Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego, except in (
(erring), father of Jonathan the Hararite, one of David’s guard. (
(double dawn) a Benjamite. (
(toward the heights), one of the towns of the allotment of Issachar. (
(safe). (
(the land of foxes), a district through which Saul passed on his journey in quest of his father’s asses. (
one of the districts traversed by Saul when in search of the asses of Kish. (
(overthrow), The gate, one of the gates of the “house of Jehovah.” (
(retribution).
(retribution), the son of Cohozeh, and ruler of a district of the Mizpah. (
(my thanks). The children of Shalmai were among the Nethinim who returned with Zerubbabel. (
(fire-worshipper), a contraction for Shalmaneser king of Assyria. (
(fire-worshipper) was the Assyrian king who reigned probably between Tiglath-Pileser and Sargon, B.C. 727-722. He led the forces of Assyria into Palestine, where Hoshea, the last king of Israel, had revolted against his authority. (
(obedient), one of David’s guard. (
(kept by Jehovah), son of Rehoboam. (
(keeper), properly Shamer or Shemer; one of the pens of Elpaal the Benjamite. (
(keeper).
(sword), son of Anath, judge of Israel. When Israel was in a most depressed condition, Shamgar was raised up to be a deliverer. With no arms in his hand but an ox-goad, (
(desolation), the fifth captain for the fifth month in David’s arrangement of his army. (
(n point or thorn.)
(astonishment), one of the sons of Zophar, an Asherite. (
(astonishment).
(desolate).
[Shammah]
(renowned).
son of David, (
(sunlike), a Benjamite. (
(bold), a Gadite of Bashan. (
(coney), the scribe or secretary of King Josiah. (
(judge). 1.The Simeonite spy, son of Hori. (
(brightness), Mount, (
(releaser), one of the sons of Bani. (
[Shaaraim]
(strong), the father of Ahiam the Hararite. (
(prince of fire) was a son of Sennacherib, whom, In conjunction with his brother Adrammelech, he murdered. (
(a plain), a district of the holy land occasionally referred to in the Bible. (
(belonging to Sharon), The Shitrai, who had charge of the royal herds in the plain of Sharon, (
(refuge of grace), a town named in (
(noble), one of the sons of Bani in the time of Ezra. (
(longing), a Benjamite, one of the sons of Beriah. (
(asked).
(plain), The valley of, described (
(plain of the double city), mentioned (
(nobility), the royal secretary in the reign of David, (
In the Prayer-book version of (
(asking), one of the sons of Bani who had married a foreign wife. (
(asked of God), father of Zerubbabel. (
(valued by Jehovah), one of the six sons of Azel a descendant of Saul. (
a place on the road between Jezreel and Samaria, at which Jehu, on his way to the latter, encountered forty-two members of the royal family of Judah, whom he slaughtered. (
(lit. a remnant shall return), the symbolical name of the son of Isaiah the prophet. (
one of the towns of the allotment of Simeon, (
(seven, or all oath).
(on oath), the son of Bichri, a Benjamite, (
(an oath), the famous well which gave its name to the city of Beersheba. (
(fragrance), one of the towns in the pastoral district on the east of Jordan; demanded by and finally ceded to the tribes of Reuben and Gad. (
(increased by Jehovah).
(the breaches), a place named in (
(breaking), son of Caleb ben-Hezron by his concubine Maachah. (
(vigor), a person of high position in Hezekiah’s court, holding at one time the office of prefect of the palace, (
(captive of God).
(dweller with Jehovah).
(dweller with Jehovah).
(back or shoulder).
the family of Shechem son of Gilead. (
(dwelling). This term is not found in the Bible. It was used by the later Jews, and borrowed by Christians from them, to express the visible majesty of the divine Presence especially when resting or dwelling between the cherubim on the mercyseat. In the tabernacle and in the temple of Solomon, but not in the second temple. The use of the term is first found in the Targums, where it forms a frequent periphrasis for God, considered its dwelling among the children of Israel. The idea which the different accounts in Scripture convey is that of a most brilliant and glorious light, enveloped in a cloud, and usually concealed by the cloud, so that the cloud itself was for the most part alone visible but on particular occasions the glory appeared. The allusions in the New Testament to the shechinah are not unfrequent. (
(darter of light), the father of Elizur, chief of the tribe of Reuben at the time of the exodus. (
Sheep were an important part of the possessions of the ancient Hebrews and of eastern nations generally. The first mention of sheep occurs in (
one of the gates of Jerusalem as rebuilt by Nehemiah. (
(
(dawning of Jehovah), a Benjamite, son of Jehoram. (
[Money]
(a petition).
the descendants of Shelah. 1. (
(repaid by Jehovah).
(a drawing forth), the second in order of the sons of Joktan. (
(might), son of Helem. (
(peaceful), an Asherite, father of Ahihud. (
(peaceful).
the same as Shelomith, 3. (
(friend of God), the son of Zurishaddai, and prince of the tribe of Simeon at the time of the exodus. (
(name), the eldest son of Noah. (
(the rumor), a Benjamite of Gibeah, and father of Ahiezer and Joash. (
(heard by Jehovah).
(kept by Jehovah).
(lofty flight), king of Zeboim, and ally of the king of Sodom when he was attacked by Chedorlaomer. (B.C. 1912.)
(preserved), the owner of the hill on which the city of Samaria was built. (
(wise), a son of Gilead. (
Shemida the son of Gilead. (
the descendants of Shemida the son of Gilead. (
(eighth), a musical term found in the title of (
the family of languages spoken by the descendants of Shem, chiefly the Hebrew, Chaldaic, Assyrian, Arabic Phoenician and Aramaic or Syriac. The Jews in their earlier history spoke the Hebrew, but in Christ’s time they spoke the Aramaic, sometimes called the Syro-Chaldaic.
(heard by God).
(tooth), a place mentioned only in (
(splendid leader), son of Salathiel or Shealtiel. (
[Senir]
(fruitful), a place on the eastern boundary of the promised land. (
a Benjamite, father of Meshullam 6. (
(judged by Jehovah).
In a nomadic state of society every man, from the sheikh down to the slave, is more or less a shepherd. The progenitors of the Jews in the patriarchal age were nomads, and their history is rich in scenes of pastoral life. The occupation of tending the flocks was undertaken, not only by the sons of wealthy chiefs, (
(bareness), son of Shobal. of the sons of Seir. (
(
(an adder), one of the sons of Bela the first-born of Benjamin. (
(kinswoman), daughter of Ephraim, (
(heat of Jehovah) a Levite in the time of Ezra. (
(root), son of Machir the son of Manasseh by his wife Manchah. (
(prince of fire), one of the people’s messengers mentioned in (
(from the goddess Shach, reduplicated) is a term which occurs only in (
(noble), one of the three sons of Anak who dwelt in Hebron. (
(Noble), a descendant of Jerahmeel the son of Hezron. (
(worshipper of fire), the Chaldean or Persian name given to Zerubbabel in (
(compensation).
(Pers. a star), one of the seven princes of Persia and Media. (
(Pers. star of splendor), a Persian officer of rank in the reign of Darius Hystaspes. (
(Jehovah contends).
(
(a stream), (
(drunkenness), one of the landmarks at the western end of the north boundary of Judah. (
The ordinary shield consisted of a framework of wood covered with leather; it thus admitted of being burnt. (
(
(ruin), a town of Issachar, named only in (
[Sihor]
(black of whiteness), named only in (
(armed), the father of Azubah the mother of Jehoshaphat (
(fountains), one of the cities in the southern portion of the tribe of Judah. (
(requital), son of Naphtali and an ancestor of the family of the Shillemites. (
[Shillem]
a certain soft-flowing stream, (
(place of rest), a city of Ephraim. In (
In the Authorized Version of the Bible Shiloh is once used as the name of a person, in a very difficult passage, in (
This word occurs in the Authorized Version only in (
that is, the native or resident of Shiloh; a title ascribed only to Ahijah. (
are mentioned among the descendants of Judah dwelling in Jerusalem at a date difficult to (
(strong), son of Zophah of the tribe of Asher. (
(fame).
(their fame), a descendant of Jehiel, the founder or prince of Gibeon. (
(feminine of Shimeah), an Ammonitess, mother of Jozachar or Zabad, one of the murderers of King Joash. (
(renowned).
(hearing (prayer), a lay man of Israel, of the family of Harim, who had married a foreign wife, and divorced her in the time of Ezra. (
(renowned), a Benjamite, apparently the same as Shema the son of Elpaal. (
= Shimei, 1. (
the descendants of Shimei the son of Gershon. (
(desert). The four sons of Shimon are enumerated in an obscure genealogy of the tribe of Judah. (
(guard), a Benjamite, of the sons of Shimhi. (
(vigilant).
(feminine of Shimri, vigilant), a Moabitess, mother of Jehozabad, one of the assassins of King Joash. (
(
(watch-height).
[Shimron]
(watch-height of Meron). The king of Shimron-meron is mentioned as one of the thirty-one kings vanquished by Joshua. (
(sunny), the scribe or secretary of Kehum, who was a kind of satrap of the conquered province of Judea and of the colony of Samaria, supported by the Persian court. (
(splendor of the father, i.e. God), the king of Admah in the time of Abraham. (
(country of two rivers), the ancient name of the great alluvial tract through which the Tigris and Euphrates pass before reaching the sea—the tract known in later times as Chaldaea or Babylonia. It was a plain country, where brick had to be used for stone and slime for mortar. (
No one writer in the whole range of Greek and Roman literature has supplied us with so much information concerning the merchant-ships of the ancients as St. Luke in the narrative of St. Paul’s voyage to Rome.
(abundant), a Simeonite, father of Ziza, a prince of the tribe in the time of Hezekiah. (
probably, though not certainly, the native of Shepham. (
(brightness), (
(judicial), father of Kemuel, a prince of the tribe of Ephraim. (
(name of heights, i.e. Jehovah).
(Jehovah contends), father of Elihoreph and Ahiah, the royal secretaries in the reign of Solomon. (
king of Egypt, the Sheshonk I. of the monuments, first sovereign of the Bubastite twenty-second dynasty. His reign offers the first determined syncronism of Egyptian and hebrew history. The first year of Shishak would about correspond to the 26th of Solomon (B.C. 989), and the 20th of shishak to the 5th of Rehoboam. Shishak at the beginning of his reign received the fugitive Jeroboam, (
(Heb. shittah, the thorny), is without doubt correctly referred to some species of Acacia, of which three or four kinds occur in the Bible lands. The woof of this tree—perhaps the Acacia seyal is more definitely signified—was extensively employed in the construction of the tabernacle. See
(the acacias), the place of Israel’s encampment between the conquest of the transjordanic highlands and the passage of the Jordan. (
(splendor), a Reubenite, father of Adina, (
(rich), a proper name which occurs only in (
(rebellious).
(expansion), the general of Hadarezer king of the Syrians of Zoba, who was defeated by David. (
(glorious). The children of Shobai were a family of the door-keepers of the temple, who returned with Zerubbabel. (
(flowing).
(free), one of the heads of the people who sealed the covenant with Nehemiah. (
(glorious) son of Nahash of Rabbah of the children of Ammon. (
(
(
(
[Sandal]
(onyx), a Merarite Levite, son of Jaaziah. (
(keeper).
(expansion), Shobach, the general of Hadarezer. (
(bareness), one of the fortified towns on the east of Jordan which were taken possession of and rebuilt by the tribe of Gad. (
(lilies). “To the chief musician upon Shoshannim” is a musical direction to the leader of the temple choir which occurs in (
(wealth).
(a jackal), son of Zophah, an Asherite. (
a district named in (
(pit-digger) son of Dan and ancestor of the Shuhamites. (
[Shuham]
(decendant of Shuah). This ethnic appellative “Shuhite” is frequent in the book of Job, but only as the apithet of one person, Bildad The local indications of this book point to a region on the western side of Chaldea, bordering on Arabia; and exactly in this locality, above Hit and on both sides of the Euphrates, are found, in the Assyrian inscriptions, the Tsahi, a powerful people. It is probable that these were the Shuhites.
one of the personages in the poem of Solomon’s (Song of Solomon 6:13) The name denotes a woman belonging to a place called Shulem, which is probably the same as Shunem. [Shunem] If, then, Shulamite and Shunammite are equivalent, we may conjecture that the Shunammite who was the object of Solomon’s passion was Abishag, the most lovely girl of her day, and at the time of David’s death the most prominent person at Jerusalem.
one of the four families who sprang from Kirjath-jearim. (
i.e. the native of Shunem, is applied to two persons: Abishag, the nurse of King David, (
(double resting-place), one of the cities allotted to the tribe of Issachar. (
(fortunate), son of Gad, and founder of the family of the Shunites. (
the descendants of Shuni.
[Shuppim]
the descendants of Shupham or Shephupham, the Benjamite. (
(serpents). In the genealogy of Benjamin “Shuppim and Huppim, the children of Ir,” are reckoned in (
(a wall), a place just without the eastern border of Egypt. Shur is first mentioned in the narrative of Haggar’s flight from Sarah. (
(a lily), is said to have received its name from the abundance of the lily (shushan or shushanah) in its neighborhood. It was originally the capital of the country called in Scripture Elam, and by the classical writers Susis or Susiana. In the time of Daniel Susa was in the possession of the Babylonians, to whom Elam had probably passed at the division of the Assyrian empire made by Cyaxares and Nabopolassar. (
(the lily of testimony), (
(noise of breaking), head of an Ephraimite family, called after him Shuthalhites, (
The “children of Sia” were a family of Nethinim who returned with Zerubbabel. (
- Sia. (
= Sibbechai the Hushathite.
(a weaver), one of David’s guard, and eighth captain for the eighth month of 24,000 men of the king’s 1043.) He belonged to one of the principal families of Judah, the Zarhites or the descendants of Zerah, and is called “the Hushathite,” probably from the place of his birth. Sibbechai’s great exploit, which gave him a place among the mighty men of David’s army, was his single combat with Saph or Sippai, tire Philistine giant, in the battle at, Gezer or Gob. (
the Ephraimite pronunciation of the word Shibboleth. (
[Shebam]
(twofold hope), one of the landmarks on the northern boundary of the holy land as stated by Ezekiel. (
(
(sish’eon),
(field, plain), The vale of, a place named only in one passage of Genesis— (
a city on the coast of Pamphylia, 10 or 12 miles to the east of the river Eurymedon. It is mentioned in
the Greek form of the Phoenician name Zidon. [Zidon, Or Sidon]
the Greek form of the word Zidonians, usually so exhibited in the Authorized Version of the Old Testament. It occurs (3:9;
the third son of Jesse, and brother of David. (
(warrior) king of the Amorites when Israel arrived on the borders of the promised land. (
(dark), accurately Shi’hor, once The Shihor, or Shihor of Egypt, when unqualified a name of the Nile. It is held to signify “the black” or “turbid.” In Jeremiah the identity of Shihor with the Nile seems distinctly stated. (
(contracted form of Silvanus, woody), an eminent member of the early Christian Church, described under that name in the Acts but as Silvanus in St. Paul’s epistles. He first appears as one of the leaders of the church at Jerusalem (
The only undoubted notice of silk in the Bible occurs in (
(a highway). “The house of Millo which goeth down to Silla” was the scene of the murder of King Joash. (
properly “the pool of Shelach.” (
(sent). Shiloach, (
(
[Silas]
In very early times silver was used for ornaments, (
a word used once only in the Authorized Version, (
(heard).
(
(contracted form of Simeon, a hearing).
(vigilant), properly Shimri, son of Hosah, a Merarite Levite in the reign of David. (
a city of Egypt, mentioned only by Ezekiel. (
The sin offering among the Jews was the sacrifice in which the ideas of propitiation and of atonement for sin were most distinctly marked. The ceremonial of the sin offering is described in Levi 4 and 6. The trespass offering is closely connected with the sin offering in Leviticus, but at the same time clearly distinguished from it, being in some cases offered with it as a distinct part of the same sacrifice; as, for example, in the cleansing of the leper. Levi 14. The distinction of ceremonial clearly indicates a difference in the idea of the two sacrifices. The nature of that difference is still a subject of great controversy. We find that the sin offerings were—
a tract of the wilderness which the Israelites reached after leaving the encampment by the Red Sea. (
the Greek form of the well-known name Sinai. (
(thorny). Nearly in the centre of the peninsula which stretches between the horns of the Red Sea lies a wedge of granite, grunstein and porphyry rocks rising to between 8000 and 9000 feet above the sea. Its shape resembles st scalene triangle. These mountains may be divided into two great masses-that of Jebel Serbal (8759 feet high), in the northwest above Wady Feiran, and the central group, roughly denoted by the general name of Sinai. This group rises abruptly from the Wady es-Sheikh at its north foot, first to the cliffs of the Ras Sufsafeh, behind which towers the pinnacle of Jebel Musa (the Mount of Moses), and farther back to the right of it the summit of Jebel Katerin (Mount St. Catherine, 8705 feet) all being backed up and. overtopped by Um Shamer (the mother of fennel, 9300 feet), which is the highest point of the whole peninsula.
a people noticed in (
a tribe of Canaanites, (
(lofty), Mount.
(fruitful), one of the places in the south of Judah which David frequented during his freebooting life. (
(threshold), Saph, one of the sons of Rephaim, or “the giants,” slain by Sibbechai at Gezer. (
the father of Jesus (Joshua), the writer of the Hebrew original of the book of Ecclesiasticus. (B.C. 310-220.)
(the turning), The well of, from which Abner was recalled by Joab to his death at Hebron. (
(breastplate), one of the various names of Mount Hermon, that by which it was known to the Zidonians. (3:9) The use of the name in (
a descendant of Sheshan in the line of Jerahmeel. (
(battle array).
(strife), the second of the two wells dug by Isaac in the valley of Gerar, the possession of which the herdmen of the valley disputed with him. (
[Month]
The institution of slavery was recognized, though not established, by the Mosaic law with a view to mitigate its hardship and to secure to every man his ordinary rights. I. Hebrew slaves.—
translated bitumen in the Vulgate. The three instances in which it is mentioned in the Old Testament are illustrated by travellers and historians. It is first spoken of as used for cement by the builders in the plain of Shinar or Babylonia. (
(myrrh), a city of Asia Minor, situated on the AEgean Sea, 40 miles north of Ephesus. Allusion is made to it in (
This historical books of the Bible contain only two notices of snow actually falling— (
“So, king of Egypt,” is once mentioned in the Bible— (
The Hebrew term borith is a general term for any substance of cleansing qualities. As, however, it appears in (
(bushy). (
another form of the name which is more correctly given in the Authorized version as Socoh. The present one occurs in (
the name of two towns in the tribe of Judah.
(intimate), the father of Geddiel, the spy selected from the tribe of Zebulun. (
(burning), one of the most ancient cities of Syria. It is commonly mentioned in connection with Gomorrah, but also with Admah and Zeboim, and on one occasion— (
(
This word does not denote the inhabitants of Sodom; but it is employed in the Authorized Version of the Old Testament for those who practiced as a religious rite the abominable and unnatural vice from which the inhabitants of Sodom and Gomorrah have derived their lasting infamy.
(peaceful). I. Early life and occasion to the throne .—Solomon was the child of David’s old age, the last born of all his sons. (
[Wisdom, The, Of Solomon, BOOK OF]
(Children OF). (
The term “son” is used in Scripture language to imply almost any kind of descent or succession, as ben shanah, “son of a year,” i.e. a year old; ben kesheth, “son of a bow,” i.e. an arrow. The word bar is often found in the New Testament in composition, as Bar-timaeus.
In eastern lands where our table utensils are unknown, the meat, with the broth, is brought upon the table in a large dish, and is eaten usually by means of pieces of bread clipped into the common dish. The bread so dipped is called. “It was such a piece of bread a sop dipped in broth that Jesus gave to Judas, (
(saviour of his father), son or Pyrrhus or Berea, was one of the companions of St. Paul on his return from Greece into Asia. (
(writing). “The children of Sophereth” were a family who returned from Babylon with Zerubbabel among the descendants of Solomon’s servants. (
(red), The valley of, a wady in which lay the residence of Delilah. (
(saviour of his father), kinsman or fellow tribesman of St. Paul, (
(saviour of his nation) was a Jew at Corinth who was seized and beaten in the presence of Gallio. See (
(changeful). The children of Sotai were a family of the descendants of Solomon’s servants who returned with Zerubbabel. (
[Ramath Of The South OF THE SOUTH]
[Swine]
The operation of a sowing with the hand is one of so simple a character as to need little description. The Egyptian paintings furnish many illustrations of the mode in which it was conducted. The sower held the vessel or basket containing the seed in his left hand, while with his right he scattered the seed broadcast. The “drawing out” of the seed is noticed, as the most characteristic action of the sower, in (
(Heb. tzippor, from a root signifying to “chirp” or “twitter,” which appears to be a phonetic representation of the call-note of any passerine (sparrow-like) bird). This Hebrew word occurs upwards of forty times in the Old Testament. In all passages except two it is rendered by the Authorized Version indifferently “bird” or “fowl.” and denotes any small bird, both of the sparrow-like species and such as the starling, chaffinch, greenfinch, linnet, goldfinch, corn-bunting, pipits, blackbird, song-thrush, etc. In (
a celebrated city of Greece, between whose inhabitants and the Jews a relationship was believed to subsist. Between the two nations a correspondence ensued.—Whitney. The act of the Jews and Spartans,
(
The Hebrew word ’accabish in (
(Heb. nerd) is mentioned twice in the Old Testament viz. in (Song of Solomon 1:12; 4:13,14) The ointment with which our Lord was anointed as he sat at meat in Simon’s house at Bethany consisted of this precious substance, the costliness of which may be inferred from the indignant surprise manifested by some of the witnesses of the transaction. See (
The notices of spinning in the Bible are confined to (
a soft, porous marine substance. Sponges were for a long time supposed to be plants, but are now considered by the best naturalists to belong to the animal kingdom. Sponge is mentioned only in the New Testament. (
[Marriage]
a Christian at Rome, saluted by St. Paul in the Epistle to the Romans. (
(Heb. nataf) the name of one of the sweet spices which composed the holy incense. See (
The Assyrian standards were emblematic of their religion, and were therefore the more valuable as instruments for leading and guiding men in the army. The forms were imitations of animals (1), emblems of deities (2), and symbols of power and wisdom (3). Many of them were crude, but others were highly artistic and of great cost. The Egyptian standards were designed in the same idea as those of the Romans, exhibiting some sacred emblem (5,6,8), or a god in the form of an animal (3,4), a group of victory (7), or the king’s name or his portrait as (1), of lower, and (2) of upper, Egypt, or an emblematic sign, as No. 9.
[Magi]
[Money]
In all cases were the word “steel” occurs in the Authorized Version the true rendering of the Hebrew is “copper.” Whether the ancient Hebrews were acquainted with steel is not perfectly certain. It has been inferred from a passage in (
a Christian convert of Corinth whose household Paul baptized as the “first-fruits of Achaia.” (
the first Christian martyr, was the chief of the seven (commonly called Deacons) appointed to rectify the complaints in the early Church of Jerusalem, made by the Hellenistic against the hebrew Christians. His Greek name indicates his own Hellenistic origin. His importance is stamped on the narrative by a reiteration of emphatic, almost superlative, phrases: “full of faith and of the Holy Ghost,” (
(An instrument of punishment, consisting of two beams, the upper one being movable, with two small openings between them, large enough for the ankles of the prisoner.—ED.) The term “stocks” is applied in the Authorized Version to two different articles one of which answers rather to our pillory, inasmuch as the body was placed in a bent position, by the confinement of the neck and arms as well as the legs while the other answers to our “stocks,” the feet alone being confined in it. The prophet Jeremiah was confined in the first sort, (
The Stoics and Epicureans, who are mentioned together in (
The Hebrew word so translated, (
Besides the ordinary uses to which stones were applied, we may mention that large stones were set up to commemorate any remarkable event. (
Precious stones are frequently alluded to in Scriptures; they were known and very highly valued in the earliest times. The Tyrians traded in precious stones supplied by Syria. (
(Heb. chasidah), a large bird of passage of the heron family. The of the largest and most conspicuous of land birds, standing nearly four feet high, the jet black of its wings and its bright red beak and legs contrasting finely with the pure white of its plumage. (
(So translated in the Authorized Version, but in the Revised Version “strain out,” (
A “stranger,” in the technical sense of the term, may be defined to be a person of foreign, i.e. non-Israelitish, extraction resident within the limits of the promised land. He was distinct from the proper “foreigner,” inasmuch as the latter still belonged to another country, and would only visit Palestine as a traveller: he was still more distinct from the “nations,” or non-Israelite peoples. The term may be compared with our expression “naturalized foreigner.” The terms applied to the “stranger” have special reference to the fact of residing in the land. The existence of such a class of persons among the Israelites is easily accounted for the “mixed multitude” that accompanied them out of Egypt, (
Both wheat and barley straw were used by the ancient Hebrews chiefly as fodder for the horses cattle and camels. (
occurs once in the Old Testament— (
The streets of a modern Oriental town present a great contrast to those with which we are familiar, being generally narrow, tortuous and gloomy, even in the best towns. Their character is mainly fixed by the climate and the style of architecture, the narrowness being due to the extreme heat, and the gloominess to the circumstance of the windows looking for the most part into the inner court. The street called “Straight,” in Damascus, (
(sweeping), son of Zophah an Asherite. (
(booths).
Occurs only in (
one of the families of scribes at Jabez. (
(booth-dwellers), a nation mentioned (
In the history of “greater light,” of the creation the sun is described as “greater light,” in contradistinction to the moon, the “lesser light,” in conjunction with which it was to serve “for signs and for seasons, and for days, and for years,” while its special office was “to rule the day.” (
In the entire absence of commerce the law laid down no rules on the subject of suretyship; but it is evident that in the time of Solomon commercial dealings had become so multiplied that suretyship in the commercial sense was common. (
(
is found once only—in (
(a lily).
the father of Gaddi the Manassite spy. (
Heb. deror in (
(Heb. tinshemeth), thus rendered by the Authorized Version in (
[Oath]
One of the physical phenomena attending our Lord’s agony in the garden of Gethsemane is described by St. Luke, (
(Heb. chazir). The flesh of swine was forbidden as food by the Levitical law, (
is mentioned only in (
(Heb. shikmah). Although it may be admitted that the sycamine is properly, and in (
a place named only in (
the Greek form of the word Shechem. It occurs in (
properly Seventh a town of Egypt, on the frontier of Cush or Ethiopia, (
(The Jewish form of the name Simon, used in the Revised Version of (
On the return of the Jews from Babylon, a great council was appointed according to rabbinic tradition, to reorganize the religious life of the people. It consisted of 120 members, and these were known as the men of the Great Synagogue, the successors of the prophets, themselves, in their turn, succeeded by scribes prominent, individually, as teachers. Ezra was recognized as president, Their aim was to restore again the crown, or glory, of Israel. To this end they collected all the sacred writings of the former ages and their own and so completed the canon of the Old Testament. They instituted the feast of Purim organized the ritual of the synagogue, and gave their sanction to the Shemoneh Esreh, the eighteen solemn benedictions in it. Much of this is evidently uncertain. The absence of any historical mention of such a body, not only in the Old Testament and the Apocrypha, but in Josephus, Philo, etc., has had some critics to reject the whole statement as a rabbinic invention. The narrative of (
(with fate), a female member of the church of Philippi. (
the celebrated city on the eastern coast of Sicily. “The city in its splendor was the largest and richest that the Greeks possessed in any part of the world, being 22 miles in circumference.” St. Paul arrived thither in an Alexandrian ship from Melita, on his voyage to Rome. (
is the term used throughout our version for the Hebrew Aram, as well as for the Greek Zupia . Most probably Syria is for Tsyria, the country about Tsur or Tyre which was the first of the Syrian towns known to the Greeks. It is difficult to fix the limits of Syria. The limits of the Hebrew Aram and its subdivisions are spoken of under Aram. Syria proper was bounded by Amanus and Taurus on the north by the Euphrates and the Arabian desert on the east, by Palestine on the south, by the Mediterranean near the mouth of the Orontes, and then by Phoenicia on the west. This tract is about 300 miles long from north to south, and from 50 to 150 miles broad. It contains an area of about 30,000 square miles. General physical features .—The general character of the tract is mountainous, as the Hebrew name Aram (from a roof signifying “height”) sufficiently implies. The most fertile and valuable tract of Syria is the long valley intervening between Libanus and Anti-Libanus. Of the various mountain ranges of Syria, Lebanon possesses the greatest interest. It extends from the mouth of the Litany to Arka, a distance of nearly 100 miles. Anti-Libanus, as the name implies, stands lover against Lebanon, running in the same direction, i.e. nearly north and south, and extending the same length. [Lebanon] The principal rivers of Syria are the Litany and the Orontes. The Litany springs from a small lake situated in the middle of the Coele-Syrian valley, about six miles to the southwest of Baalbek. It enters the sea about five miles north of Tyre. The source of the Orontes is but about 15 miles from that of the Litany. Its modern name is the Nahr-el-Asi, or “rebel stream,” an appellation given to it on account of its violence and impetuosity in many parts of its course. The chief towns of Syria may be thus arranged, as nearly as possible in the order of their importance: 1, Antioch; 2, Damascus; 3, Apamea; 4, Seleucia; 5, Tadmor or Palmyra; 6, Laodicea; 7, Epiphania (Hamath); 8, Samosata; 9, Hierapolis (Mabug); 10, Chalybon; 11, Emesa; 12, Heliopolis; 13, Laodicea ad Libanum; 14, Cyrrhus; 15, Chalcis; 16, Poseideum; 17, Heraclea; 18, Gindarus; 19, Zeugma; 20, Thapsacus. Of these, Samosata, Zeugma and Thapsacus are on the Euphrates; Seleucia, Laodicea, Poseideum and Heraclea, on the seashore, Antioch, Apamea, Epiphania and Emesa (Hems), on the Orontes; Heliopolis and Laodicea ad Libanum, in Coele-Syria; Hierapolis, Chalybon, Cyrrhus, Chalcis and Gindarns, in the northern highlands; Damascus on the skirts, and Palmyra in the centre, of the eastern desert. History.—The first occupants of Syria appear to have been of Hamitic descent—Hittites, Jebusites, Amorites, etc. After a while the first comers, who were still to a great extent nomads, received a Semitic infusion, while most Probably came to them from the southeast. The only Syrian town whose existence we find distinctly marked at this time is Damascus, (
occurs only in (
(
(sandy), an ancient Canaanitish city whose king is enumerated among the thirty-one kings conquered by Joshua. (
(approach to Shiloh), a place named once only— (
(rings). The children of Tabbaoth were a family of Nethinim who returned with Zerubbabel. (
(celebrated), a place mentioned only in (
(God is good). The son of Tabeal was apparently an Ephraimite in the army of Pekah the son of Remaliah, or a Syrian in the army of Rezin, when they went up to besiege Jerusalem in the reign of Ahaz. (
(God is good), an officer of the Persian government in Samaria in the reign of Artaxerxes. (
the name of a place in the wilderness of Paran. (
an obsolete English word used in the Authorized Version of (
The tabernacle was the tent of Jehovah, called by the same name as the tents of the people in the midst of which it stood. It was also called the sanctuary and the tabernacle of the congregation. The first ordinance given to Moses, after the proclamation of the outline of the law from Sinai, related to the ordering of the tabernacle, its furniture and its service as the type which was to be followed when the people came to their own home and “found a place” for the abode of God. During the forty days of Moses’ first retirement with God in Sinai, an exact pattern of the whole was shown him, and all was made according to it. (
(
(gazelle), also called Dorcas by St. Luke, a female disciple of Joppa, “full of good works” among which that of making clothes for the poor is specifically mentioned. While St. Peter was at the neighboring town of Lydda, Tabitha, died; upon which the disciples at Joppa sent an urgent message to the apostle begging him to come to them without delay. Upon his arrival Peter found the deceased already prepared for burial, and laid out in an upper chamber, where she was surrounded by the recipients and the tokens of her charity after the example of our Saviour in the house of Jairus, (
is mentioned in the lists of
(a mound), or Mount Tabor, one of the most interesting and remarkable of the single mountains in Palestine. It rises abruptly from the northeastern arm of the plain of Esdraelon, and stands entirely insulated, except on the west where a narrow ridge connects it with the hills of Nazareth. It presents to the eye, as seen from a distance, a beautiful appearance, being symmetrical in its proportions and rounded off like a hemisphere or the segment of a circle, yet varying somewhat as viewed from different directions. The body of the mountain consists of the peculiar limestone of the country. It is now called Jebel-et-Tur . It lies about six or eight miles almost due east from Nazareth. The ascent is usually made on the west side, near the little village of Deburieh—probably the ancient Daberath, (
This is an incorrect translation, and should be THE Oak OF Tabor, Tabor. It is mentioned in (
(properly Tabrimmon, i.e. good is Rimmon, the Syrian god) the father of Ben-hadad I., king of Syria in the reign of Asa. (
The word thus rendered occurs only in the description of the structure of the tabernacle and its fittings, (
“The Tachmonite that sat in the seat,” chief among David’s captains, (
(city of palms), called “Tadmor in the wilderness,” is the same as the city known to the Greeks and Romans under the name of Palmyra. It lay between the Euphrates and Hamath, to the southeast of that city, in a fertile tract or oasis of the desert. Being situated at a convenient distance from both the Mediterranean Sea and the Persian Gulf, it had great advantages for caravan traffic. It was built by Solomon after his conquest of Hamath-zobah. (
(camp), a descendant of Ephraim. (
(
the name of a desert station of the Israelites between Makheloth and Tarah. (
(station).
a city of Egypt, mentioned in the time of the prophets Jeremiah and Ezekiel. The name is evidently Egyptian, and closely resembles that of the Egyptian queen Tahpenes. It was evidently a town of lower Egypt, near or on the eastern border. When Johanan and the other captains went into Egypt “they came to Tahpanhes.” (
an Egyptian queen, was wife of the Pharaoh who received Hadad the Edomite, and who gave him her sister in marriage. (
(cunning), son of Micah and grandson of Mephibosheth. (
(lowlands of Hodshi?), The land of, one of the places visited by Joab during his census of the land of Israel. It occurs between Gilead and Dan-jaan. (
[Weights And Measures AND Measures]
two Syriac words, (
(bold).
(oppressor), the head of a family of door-keepers in the temple, “the porters for the camps of the sons: of Levi.” (
(i.e. doctrine, from the Hebrew word “to learn”) is a large collection of writings, containing a full account of the civil and religious laws of the Jews. It was a fundamental principle of the Pharisees, common to them with all orthodox modern Jews, that by the side of the written law, regarded as a summary of the principles and general laws of the Hebrew people, there was an oral law, to complete and to explain the written law. It was an article of faith that in the Pentateuch there was no precept, and no regulation, ceremonial, doctrinal or legal, of which God had not given to Moses all explanations necessary for their application, with the order to transmit them by word of mouth. The classical subject is the following in the Mishna on this wing: “Moses received the (oral) law from Sinai, and delivered it to Joshua, and Joshua to the elders, and the elders to the prophets and the prophets to the men of the Great Synagogue.” This oral law, with the numerous commentaries upon it, forms the Talmud. It consists of two parts, the Mishna and Gemara.
(laughter). The children of Tamah or Thamah, (
(palm tree).
(sprout of life), properly “the Tammuz,” the article indicating that at some time or other the word had been regarded as an appellative. (
a slight variation of the name Taanach. (
(consolation), the father of Seraiah in the time of Gedaliah. (
(ornament), the daughter of Solomon, who was married to ben-Abinadab. (
one of the cities in Judea fortified by Bacchides.
(the apple-city).
(delay), a desert-station of the Israelites between Tahath and Mithcah. (
(reeling), one of the towns in the allotment of Benjamin. (
the same as Tahreah, the son of Micah. (
There can be little doubt that the zizania of the parable, (
[See Versions, Ancient, Of The Old And New Testaments, Versions, Authorized]
A race of Assyrian colonists who were planted int he cites of Samaria after the captivity of the northern kingdom of Israel. (
(established).
the chief town of Cilicia, “no mean city” in other respects, but illustrious to all time as the birthplace and early residence of the apostle Paul. (
(prince of darkness), one of the gods of the Avite or Avvite colonists of Samaria. (
which occurs only in (
(gift), satrap of the province west of the Euphrates in the time of Darius Hystaspes. (
[Three Taverns TAVERNS]
I. Under the judges, according to the theocratic government contemplated by the law, the only payments incumbent upon the people as of permanent obligation were the Tithes, the Firstfruits, the Redemption-money of the first-born, and other offerings as belonging to special occasions. The payment by each Israelite of the half-shekel as “atonement-money,” for the service of the tabernacle, on taking the census of the people, (
The English word now conveys to us more distinctly the notion of a tax or tribute actually levied; but it appears to have been used in the sixteenth century for the simple assessment of a subsidy upon the property of a given county, or the registration of the people for the purpose of a poll-tax. Two distinct registrations, or taxings, are mentioned in the New Testament, both of them by St. Luke. The first is said to have been the result of an edict of the emperor Augustus, that “all the world (i.e. the Roman empire) should be taxed,” (
(slaughter), eldest of the sons of Nahor by his concubine Reumah. (
(purified), third son of Hosah of the children of Merari. (
[Month]
(supplication), the father or founder of Ir-nahash, the city of Nahash, and son of Eshton. (
[Oak]
(a stockade).
Ira ben-Ikkesh, one of David’s warriors, is thus designated. (
(cornhill) was probably a city of Chaldaea or Babylonia, not of upper Mesopotamia as generally supposed. (
(vigor), a descendant of Ephraim, and ancestor of Joshua. (
(lambs), the place at which Saul collected and numbered his forces before his attack on Amalek, (
(Assyrian hill) is mentioned in (
(oppression).
(hill of the artificer), one of the Babylonian towns or villages mentioned in (
[TEL-HARSA]
(a desert), the ninth son of Ishmael, (
(the south).
[Teman]
an inhabitant of Teman.
son of Ashur the father of Tekoa, by his wife Naarah. (
There is perhaps no building of the ancient world which has excited so much attention since the time of its destruction as the temple which Solomon built by Herod. Its spoils were considered worthy of forming the principal illustration of one of the most beautiful of Roman triumphal arches, and Justinian’s highest architectural ambition was that he might surpass it. Throughout the middle ages it influenced to a considerable degree the forms of Christian churches, and its peculiarities were the watchwords and rallying-points of all associations of builders. When the French expedition to Egypt, int he first years of this century, had made the world familiar with the wonderful architectural remains of that country, every one jumped to the conclusion that Solomon’s temple must have been designed after an Egyptian model. The discoveries in Assyria by Botta and Layard have within the last twenty years given an entirely new direction to the researches of the restorers. Unfortunately, however, no Assyrian temple has yet been exhumed of a nature to throw much light on this subject, and we are still forced to have recourse to the later buildings at Persepolis, or to general deductions from the style of the nearly contemporary secular buildings at Nineveh and elsewhere, for such illustrations as are available. THE TEMPLE OF Solomon.—It was David who first proposed to replace the tabernacle by a more permanent building, but was forbidden for the reasons assigned by the prophet Nathan, (
The popular name in this, as in so many instances, is not that of Scripture. There we have the “TEN WORDS,” (
Among the leading characteristics of the nomad races, those two have always been numbered whose origin has been ascribed to Jabal the son of Lameth, (
(station), the father of Abram, Nahor and Haran, and through them the ancestor of the great families of the Israelites, Ishmaelites, Midianites, Moabites and Ammonites. (
This word occurs only in the plural, and denotes images connected with magical rites. The derivation of the name is obscure. In one case— (
(strictness), one of the two eunuchs whose plot to assassinate Ahasuerus was discovered by Mordecai. (
(third), probably a Roman, was the amanuensis of Paul in writing the Epistle to the Romans. (
(diminutive from Tertius), “a certain orator,” (
[NEW TESTAMENT; BIBLE] NEW TESTAMENT - 3186
[OLD TESTAMENT; BIBLE] OLD TESTAMENT - 3249
properly the sovereign or governor of the fourth part of a country. (
one of the twelve apostles. (
(daughter). “The children of Thamah” were a family of Nethinim who returned with Zerubbabel. (
Tamar, 1. (
the properly eucharistic offering among the Jews, in its theory resembling the meat offering and therefore indicating that the offerer was already reconciled to and in covenant with God. Its ceremonial is described in (
Terah the father of Abraham. (
(
For the explanation of the biblical allusions, two or three points only require notice. The Greek term, like the corresponding English term, denotes the place where dramatic performances are exhibited, and also the scene itself or spectacle which is witnessed there. It occurs in the first or local sense in (
(Authorized Version No, the multitude of No. populous No), a chief cite of ancient Egypt, long the capital of the upper country, and the seat of the Diospolitan dynasties, that ruled over all Egypt at the era of its highest splendor. It was situated on both sides of the Nile, 400 or 500 miles from its mouth. The sacred name of Thebes was P-amen “the abode of Amon,” which the Greeks reproduced in their Diospolis, especially with the addition the Great . No-amon is the name of Thebes in the Hebrew Scriptures. (
(conspicuous), a place memorable for the death of the brave Abimelech, (
[TEL-ASSAR]
(friend of God) the person to whom St. Luke inscribes his Gospel and the Acts of the Apostles. (
was written by the apostle Paul at Corinth, a few months after he had founded the church at Thessalonica, at the close of the year A.D. 62 or the beginning of 53. The Epistles to the Thessalonians, then (for the second followed the first after no long interval), are the earliest of St. Paul’s writings—perhaps the earliest written records of Christianity. It is interesting, therefore, to compare the Thessalonian epistles with the later letters, and to note the points of These differences are mainly
appears to have been written from Corinth not very long after the first, for Silvanus and Timotheus were still with St. Paul. (
The original name of this city was Therma; and that part of the Macedonian shore on which it was situated retained through the Roman period the designation of the Thermaic Gulf. Cassander the son of Antipater rebuilt and enlarged Therma, and named it after his wife Thessalonica, the sister of Alexander the Great. The name ever since, under various slight modifications, has been continuous, and the city itself has never ceased to be eminent. Saloniki is still the most important town of European Turkey, next after Constantinople. Strabo in the first century speaks of Thessalonica as the most populous city in Macedonia. Visit of Paul .—St. Paul visited Thessalonica (with Silas and Timothy) during his second missionary journey, and introduced Christianity there. The first scene of the apostle’s work at Thessalonica was the synagogue. (
(God-given), the name of an insurgent mentioned in Gamaliel’s speech before the Jewish council, (
The men who under this name appear in the history of the crucifixion were robbers rather than thieves, belonging to the lawless bands by which Palestine was at that time and afterward infested. Against these brigands every Roman procurator had to wage continual war. It was necessary to use an armed police to encounter them. (
a town in the allotment of Dan. (
[Thorns AND THISTLES]
(a twin), one of the apostles. According to Eusebius, his real name was Judas. This may have been a mere confusion with Thaddeus, who is mentioned in the extract. But it may also be that; Thomas was a surname. Out of this name has grown the tradition that he had a twin-sister, Lydia, or that he was a twin-brother of our Lord; which last, again, would confirm his identification with Judas. Comp. (
and Thistles. There appear to be eighteen or twenty Hebrew words which point to different kinds of prickly or thorny shrubs. These words are variously rendered in the Authorized Version By “thorns,” “briers,” “thistles,” etc. Palestine abounded in a great variety of such plants. (“Travellers call the holy land ’a land of thorns.’ Giant thistles, growing to the height of a man on horseback, frequently spread over regions once rich and fruitful, as they do on the pampas of South America; and many of the most interesting historic spats and ruins are rendered almost inaccessible by thickets of fiercely-armed buckthorns. Entire fields are covered with the troublesome creeping stems of the spinous ononis, while the bare hillsides are studded with the dangerous capsules of the puliuris and tribulus . Roses of the most prickly kinds abound on the lower slopes of Hermon; while the sub-tropical valleys of Judea are choked up in many places by the thorny lycium .”— Biblical Things not generally Known.) Crown of thorns.—The crown which was put in derision upon our Lord’s head before his crucifixion, is by some supposed to have been the Rhamnus, or Spina Christi ; but although abundant in the neighborhood of Jerusalem, it cannot be the plant intended, because its thorns are so strong and large that it could not have been woven into a wreath. The large-leaved acanthus (bear’s-foot) is totally unsuited for the purpose. Had the acacia been intended, as some suppose, the phrase would have been ex akanthes . Obviously some small, flexile, thorny shrub is meant; perhaps Cappares spinosae . Hasselquist (“Travels,” p. 260) says that the thorn used was the Arabian nabk . “It was very suitable for their purpose, as it has many sharp thorns, which inflict painful wounds; and its flexible, pliant and round branches might easily be plaited in the form of a crown.” It also resembles the rich dark crown green of the triumphal ivy-wreath, which would give additional pungency to its ironical purpose.
A station on the Appian Road, along which St. Paul travelled from Puteoli to Rome. (
Of the two words so rendered is the Authorized Version, one, miphthan, seems to mean sometimes a projecting beam or corbel. (
This word, Asuppe, appears to be inaccurately rendered in (
The Hebrew word so translated applies to any elevated seat occupied by a person in authority, whether a high priest, (
(badger), son of Nahor by his concubine Reumah. (
[Urim And Thummim AND THUMMIM]
is hardly ever heard in Palestine form the middle of April to the middle of September; hence it was selected by Samuel as a striking expression of the divine displeasure toward the Israelites. (
a city on the Lycus, founded by Seleucus Nicator, lay to the left of the road from Pergamos to Sardis, 27 miles from the latter city, and on the very confines of Mysia and Ionia, so as to be sometimes reckoned within the one and sometimes within the other. Dyeing apparently formed an important part of the industrial activity of Thyatira, as it did of that of Colossae and Laodicea. It is first mentioned in connection with Lydia, “a seller of purple.” (
occurs in (
a city in the time of Christ, on the Sea of Galilee; first mentioned in the New Testament, (
(
(in full, Tiberius Claudius Nero), the second Roman emperor, successor of Augustus, who began to reign A.D. 14 and reigned until A.D. 37. He was the son of Tiberius Claudius Nero and Livia, and hence a stepson of Augustus. He was born at Rome on the 18th of November, B.C. 45. He became emperor in his fifty-fifth year, after having distinguished himself as a commander in various wars, and having evinced talents of a high order as an orator and an administrator of civil affairs. He even gained the reputation of possessing the sterner virtues of the Roman character, and was regarded as entirely worthy of the imperial honors to which his birth and supposed personal merits at length opened the way. Yet, on being raised to the supreme power, he suddenly became, or showed himself to be a very different man. His subsequent life was one of inactivity, sloth and self-indulgence. He was despotic in his government, cruel and vindictive in his disposition. He died A.D. 37, at the age of 78, after a reign of twenty-three years. Our Saviour was put to death in the reign of Tiberius.
(extension), a city of Hadadezer, king of Zobah, (
(intelligent). After Zimri had burnt himself in his palace, there was a division in the northern kingdom, half of the people following Tibni the son of Ginath, and half following Omri. (
(great son) is mentioned only in (
(In (
is used by the LXX. as the Greek equivalent of the Hebrew Hiddekel, and occurs also in several of the apocryphal books, as in Tobit, ch. 6:1, Judith, ch. 1:6, and Ecclesiasticus, ch. 24:25. The Tigris, like the Euphrates, rises from two principal sources in the Armenian mountains, and flows into the Euphrates. Its length, exclusive of windings, is reckoned at 1146 miles. It receives, along its middle and lower course no fewer than five important tributaries. These are the river of Zakko or eastern Khabour, the Great Zab (Zab Ala), the Lesser Zab (Zab Asfal), the Adhem, and the Diyaleh or ancient Gyndes. All these rivers flow from the high range of Zagros. We find but little mention of the Tigris in Scripture. It appears, indeed, under the name of Hiddekel, among the rivers of Eden, (
(hope).
(assemblage) (properly Tokehath or Tokhath), Tikvah the father of Shallum. (
a variation, and probably a corruption, of the name Tiglath-pileser. (
(gift), one of the four sons of Shimon, whose family is reckoned in the genealogies of Judah. (
the father of the blind man, Bartimaus. (
(Heb. toph). In old English tabor was used for any drum. Tabouret and tambourine are diminutives of tabor, and denote the instrument now known as the tambourine. Tabret is a contraction of tabouret. The Hebrew toph is undoubtedly the instrument described by travellers as the duff or diff of the Arabs. It was played principally by women, (
(restraint).
(portion).
the residence of Samson’s wife. (
(portion of the sun) the name under which the city and burial-place of Joshua, previously called Timnath-serah is mentioned in (
(portion of abundance), the name of the city which was presented to Joshua after the partition of the country, (
Samson’s father-in-law, a native of Timnathah. (
one of the seven, commonly called “deacons.” (
The disciple thus named was the son of one of those mixed marriages which, though condemned by stricter Jewish opinion were yet not uncommon in the later periods of Jewish history. The father’s name is unknown; he was a Greek, i.e. a Gentile, by descent. (
The Epistles to Timothy and Titus are called the Pastoral Epistles, because they are principally devoted to directions about the work of the pastor of a church. The First Epistle was probably written from Macedonia, A.D. 65, in the interval between St. Paul’s first and second imprisonments at Rome. The absence of any local reference but that in (
Among the various metals found in the spoils of the Midianites, tin is enumerated. (
(ford) is mentioned in (
one of the three families of scribes residing at Jabez, (
an old English word for headdress. It was an ornamental headdress worn on festive occasions, (
(exalted?) king of Ethiopia (Cush), the opponent of Sennacherib. (
(favor), son of Caleb ben-Hezron by his concubine Maachah. (
(fear), son of Jehaleleel, of the tribe of Judah. (
(desire), the youngest son of Japheth, (
(always written with the article), the title of the governor of Judea under the Persians, perhaps derived from a Persian root signifying stern, severe, is added as a title after the name of Nehemiah, (
an ancient Canaanite city, whose king is enumerated among those overthrown in the conquest of the country. (
(delight), youngest of the five daughters of Zelophehad. (
the well-known designation of Elijah. (
the proportion of property devoted to religious uses from very early times. Instances of the use of tithes are found prior to the appointment of the Levitical tithes under the law. In biblical history the two prominent instances are—
Our materials for the biography of this companion of St. Paul must be drawn entirely from the notices of him in the Second Epistle to the Corinthians, the Galatians, and to Titus himself, combined with the Second Epistle to Timothy. He is not mentioned in the Acts at all. Taking the passages in the epistles in the chronological order of the events referred to, we turn first to (
(The form given in the Revised Version, of the proselyte Justus, at whose house in Corinth Paul preached when driven from the synagogue. He is possibly the same as Titus the companion of Paul.)
There are no specialties in this epistle which require any very elaborate treatment distinct from the other Pastoral Letters of St. Paul. It was written about the same time and under similar circumstances with the other two i.e., from Ephesus, in the autumn of 67 in the interval between Paul’s two Roman imprisonments.
the designation of Joha, one of the heroes of David’s army. (
(lowly) a Kohathite Levite, ancestor of Samuel and Heman. (
(good), The land of, a place in which Jephthah took refuge when expelled from home by his half-brother, (
(Adonijah the good), one of the Levites sent by Jehoshaphat through the cities of Judah to teach the law to the people. (
(goodness of Jehovah).
(goodness of Jehovah).
a book of the Apocryphal which exists at present in Greek, Latin, Syriac and Hebrew texts, but it was probably written originally in Greek. The scene of the book is placed in Assyria, whither Tobit, a Jew, had been carried as a captive by Shalmaneser. It is represented and completed shortly after the fall of Nineveh (B.C. 606),
(task), a place mentioned in (
a son of Gomer, of the family of Japheth, and brother of Ashkenaz and Riphath. (
(lowly), an ancestor of Samuel the prophet, perhaps the same as Toah. (
(erring), king of Hamath on the Orontes, who, after the defeat of his powerful enemy the Syrian king Hadadezer by the army of David, sent his son Joram or Hadoram to congratulate the victory and do him homage with presents of gold and silver and brass. (
one of the towns of Simeon, (
the descendants of Tola the son of Issachar. (
From the burial of Sarah in the cave of Machpelah, (
The unity of the human race is most clearly implied, if not positively asserted, in the Mosaic writings. Unity of language is assumed by the sacred historian apparently as a corollary of the unity of race. (This statement is confirmed by philologists.) No explanation is given of the origin of speech, but its exercise is evidently regarded as coeval with the creation of man. The original unity of speech was restored in Noah. Disturbing causes were, however, early at work to dissolve this twofold union of community and speech. The human family endeavored b check the tendency to separation by the establishment of a great central edifice and a city which should serve as the metropolis of the whole world. The project was defeated by the interposition of Jehovah, who determined to “confound their language, so that they might not understand one another’s speech.” Contemporaneously with, and perhaps as the result of, this confusion of tongues, the people were scattered abroad from thence upon the face of all the earth, and the memory of the great event was preserved in the name Babel. [Babel. Tower OF] Inscription of Nebuchadnezzar .—In the Borsippa inscription of Nebuchadnezzar there is an allusion to the confusion of tongues. “We say for the other, that is, this edifice, the house of the Seven Lights of the Earth, the most ancient monument of Borsippa, a former king built it [they reckon forty-two ages], but he did not complete its head. Since a remote time people had abandoned it, without order expressing their words . Since that time the earthquake and the thunder had dispersed its sun-dried clay; the bricks of the casing had been split, and the earth of the interior had been scattered in heaps.” It is unnecessary to assume that the judgment inflicted on the builders of Babel amounted to a loss, or even a suspension of articulate speech. The desired object would be equally attained by a miraculous forestallment of those dialectical differences of language which are constantly in process of production. The elements of the one original language may have remained, but so disguised by variations of pronunciation and by the introduction of new combinations as to be practically obliterated. The confusion of tongues and the dispersion of nations are spoken of in the Bible as contemporaneous events. The divergence of the various families into distinct tribes and nations ran parallel with the divergence of speech into dialects and languages, and thus the tenth chapter of Genesis is posterior in historical sequence to the events recorded in the eleventh chapter.
I. glotta, or glossa, the word employed throughout the New Testament for the gift now under consideration, is used— (1) for the bodily organ of speech; (2) for a foreign word imported and half-naturalized in Greek; (3) in Hellenistic Greek, for “speech” or “language.” The received traditional view, which starts from the third meaning, and sees in the gift of tongues a distinctly linguistic power, is the more correct one. II. The chief passages from which we have to draw our conclusion as to the nature and purpose of the gift in question are—
one of the gems used in the high priest’s breastplate, (
(mortar), (1:1) has been identified with Tufileh on a wady of the same name running north of Bozra toward the southeast corner of the Dead Sea.
and once To’phet (place of burning), was in the southeast extremity of the “valley of the son of Hinnom,” (
occurs only in the margin of (
(Heb. tsab). The tsab occurs only in (
king of Hamath. (
Watch-towers or fortified posts in frontier or exposed situations are mentioned in Scripture, as the tower of Edar, etc., (
the title ascribed in our version to the magistrate at Ephesus who appeased the mob in the theatre at the time of the tumult excited by Demetrius and his fellow craftsmen. (
(a rugged region), (
(1) In the only passage— (
(The event in the earthly life of Christ which marks the culminating point in his public ministry, and stands midway between the temptation in the wilderness and the agony in Gethsemane, (
The kings of Judah had keepers of their treasures both in city and country (
(
[Sin Offering OFFERING]
Information on the subject of trials under the Jewish law will be found in the articles on Judges and Sanhedrin, and also in Jesus Christ CHRIST.
The chief biblical facts connected with the payment of tribute have been already given under Taxes. The tribute (money) mentioned in (
the city from which St. Paul first sailed, in consequence of a divine intimation, to carry the gospel from Asia to Europe. (
is the rocky extremity of the ridge of Mycale, exactly opposite Samos. (
These words are employed to represent the Hebrew word gedud, which has invariably the sense of an irregular force, gathered with the object of marauding and plunder.
(nutritious). Both Trophimus and Tychicus accompanied Paul from Macedonia as far as Asia, but Tychicus seems to have remained there, while Trophimus proceeded with the apostle to Jerusalem. (A.D. 54.) There he was the innocent cause of the tumult in which St. Paul was apprehended. (
[Cornet]
(
and Trypho’sa (luxurious), two Christian women at Rome, enumerated in the conclusion of St. Paul’s letter. (
A usurper of the Syrian throne. His proper name was Diodotus, and the surname Tryphon was given to him or adopted by him after his secession to power. He was a native of Cariana.
[Tryphena]
is reckoned with Javan and Meshech among the sons of Japheth. (
the son of Lamech the Cainite by his wife Zillah, (
occurs only once, via. in the Apocrypha.
Turtur auritus (Heb. tor). The name is phonetic, evidently derived from the plaintive cooing of the bird. It is one of the smaller members of the group of birds which ornithologists usually call pigeons . The turtle-dove occurs first in Scripture in (
This term is used in the Revised Version of (
(fateful) and Troph’imus (nutritious), companions of St. Paul on some of his journeys, are mentioned as natives of Asia. (
(sovereign), the name of a man in whose school or place of audience Paul taught the gospel for two years, during his sojourn at Ephesus. See (
(a rock), a celebrated commercial city of Phoenicia, on the coast of the Mediterranean. Its Hebrew name, Tzor, signifies a rock; which well agrees with the site of Sur, the modern town, on a rocky peninsula, formerly an island. There is no doubt that, previous to the siege of the city by Alexander the Great, Tyre was situated on an island; but, according to the tradition of the inhabitants, there was a city on the mainland before there was a city on the island; and the tradition receives some color from the name of Palaetyrus, or Old Tyre, which was borne in Greek times by a city on the continent, thirty stadia to the south. Notices in the Bible .—In the Bible Tyre is named for the first time in the of Joshua, ch. (
This form is employed in the Authorized Version of the books of Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Hosea (Joel has “Tyre”), Amos and Zechariah, as follows: (
(I am strong). According to the received text of (
(will of God), one of the family of Bani, who during the captivity had married a foreign wife. (
In the margin of (
(pure water) is mentioned by Daniel, (
(porch).
(yoke), an Asherite, head of a family in his tribe. (
(union), one of the cities of the allotment of Asher. (
These were things strangled, or dead of themselves or through beasts or birds of prey; whatever beast did not both part the hoof and chew the cud; and certain other smaller animals rated as “creeping things;” certain classes of birds mentioned in Levi 11 and
The distinctive idea attached to ceremonial uncleanness among the Hebrews was that it cut a person off for the time from social privileges, and left his citizenship among God’s people for the while in abeyance. There is an intense reality in the fact of the divine law taking hold of a man by the ordinary infirmities of flesh, and setting its stamp, as it were, in the lowest clay of which he is moulded. The sacredness attached to the human body is parallel to that which invested the ark of the covenant itself. It is as though Jehovah thereby would teach men that the “very hairs of their head were all numbered” before him and that “in his book were all their members written.” Thus was inculcated so to speak a bodily holiness. Nor were the Israelites to be only “separated from other people,” but they were to be “holy to God,” (
(
the rendering of the Authorized Version of the Hebrew reem, a word which occurs seven times in the Old Testament as the name of some large wild animal. The reem of the Hebrew Bible, however, has nothing at all to do with the one-horned animal of the Greek and Roman writers, as is evident from (33:17) where in the blessing of Joseph it is said; “his glory is like the firstling of his bullock, and his horns are like the horns of a unicorn ;” not, as the text of the Authorized Version renders it, “the horns of unicorns .” The two horns of the ram are “the ten thousands of Ephraim and the thousands of Manasseh.” This text puts a one-horned animal entirely out of the question. Considering that the reem is spoken of as a two-horned animal of great strength and ferocity, that it was evidently well known and often seen by the Jews, that it is mentioned as an animal fit for sacrificial purposes, and that it is frequently associated with bulls and oxen we think there can be no doubt that, some species of wild ox is intended. The allusion in (
(depressed).
(
was the land of Haran’s nativity, (
(of the city; polite), the Greek form of the Latin Urbanus, as it is given in the Revised Version. He was a Christian disciple who is in the long list of those whom St. Paul salutes in writing to Rome. (
the form given in the Revised Version for Urbane.
(fiery).
(light of Jehovah).
(the fire of God), an angel named only in
(light of Jehovah).
(light and perfection). When the Jewish exiles were met on their return from Babylon by a question which they had no data for answering, they agreed to postpone the settlement of the difficulty till there should rise up “a priest with Urim and Thummim.” (
(The word usury has come in modern English to mean excessive interest upon money loaned, either formally illegal or at least oppressive. In the Scriptures, however the word did not bear this sense, but meant simply interest of any kind upon money. The Jews were forbidden by the law of Moses to take interest from their brethren, but were permitted to take it from foreigners. The prohibition grew out of the agricultural status of the people, in which ordinary business loans were not needed. and loans as were required should be made only as to friends and brothers in need.—ED.) The practice of mortgaging land, sometimes at exorbitant interest, grew up among the Jews during the captivity, in direct violation of the law. (
(wooded).
(helpful),
(strong), the father of Palal who assisted Nehemiah in rebuilding the city wail. (
(separate), the sixth son of Joktan, (
(strength).
(strength), one of the sons of Abinadab, in whose house at Kirjath-jearim the ark rested for twenty years. Uzzah probably was the second and Ahio the third. They both accompanied its removal when David first undertook to carry it to Jerusalem. (B.C. 1043.) Ahio apparently went before the new cart, (
the spot in which Manasseh king of Judah and his son Amon were buried. (
(ear (or point) of Sherah) a town founded or rebuilt by Sherah, an Ephraimite woman the daughter either of Ephraim himself or of Beriah. It is named only in (
(strong).
(strength of Jehovah), one of David’s guard, and apparently a native of Ashtaroth beyond Jordan. (
(strength of Jehovah).
(my strength is God).
the descendants of Uzziel, and one of the four great families of the Kohathites. (
(strong as the wind), one of the ten sons of Haman whom the Jews slew in Shushan. (
It is hardly necessary to state that these words signify a hollow sweep of ground between two more or less parallel ridges of high land. The structure of the greater part of the holy land does not lend itself to the formation of valleys in our sense of the word. The abrupt transitions of its crowded rocky hills preclude the existence of any extended sweep of valley. Valley is employed in the Authorized Version to render five distinct Hebrew words.
(Jehovah is praise), one of the sons of Bani, (
(strong), the first-born of Samuel as the text now stands. (
(beautiful), the “queen” of Ahasuerus, who, for refusing to show herself to the king’s guests at the royal banquet, when sent for by the king, was repudiated and deposed. (
With regard to the use of the veil, it is important to observe that it was by no means so general in ancient as in modern times. Much of the scrupulousness in respect of the use of the veil dates from the promulgation of the Koran, which forbade women appearing unveiled except in the presence of their nearest relatives. In ancient times the veil was adopted only in exceptional cases, either as an article of ornamental dress, (Song of Solomon 4:1,3; 6:7) or by betrothed maidens in the presence of their future husbands, especially at the time of the wedding, (
[Tabernacle; Temple]
In treating of the ancient versions that have come down to us, in whole or in part, they will be described in the alphabetical order of the languages. AETHIOPIC VERSION.—Christianity was introduced into AEthiopia in fourth century through the labors of Frumentius and AEdesius of Tyre, who had been made slaves and sent to the king. The AEthiopic version which we possess is in the ancient dialect of Axum; hence some have ascribed it to the age of the earliest missionaries, but it is probably of a later date. In 1548-9 the AEthiopic New Testament was also printed at Rome, edited by three Abyssinians. ARABIC VERSIONS.—
This word in addition to its ordinary sense, is often used, especially in the enumeration of towns in (
the well-known valuable plant (vitis vinifera) very frequently referred
to in the Old and New Testaments, and cultivated from the earliest
times. The first mention of this plant occurs in (
occurs only in (32:32) It is generally supposed that this passage alludes to the celebrated apples of Sodom, of which Josephus speaks, “which indeed resemble edible fruit in color, but, on being plucked by the hand, are dissolved into smoke and ashes.” It has been variously identified. Dr. Robinson pronounced in favor of the ’osher fruit, the Asclepias (Calotropis) procera of botanists. He says, “The fruit greatly resembles externally a large smooth apple or orange, hanging in clusters of three or four together, and when ripe is of a yellow color. It is now fair and delicious to the eye and soft to the touch but, on being pressed or struck, it explodes with a puff: like a bladder or puff-hall, leaving in the hand only the shreds of the thin rind and a few fibres. It is indeed filled chiefly with air, which gives it the round form.” Dr. Hooker writes,” The vine of Sodom always thought might refer to Cucumis calocynthis, which is bitter end powders inside; the term vine would scarcely be given to any but a trailing or other plant of the habit of a vine.” His remark that the term vine must refer to some plant of the habit of a vine is conclusive against the claims of all the plants hitherto identified with the vine of Sodom.
The Hebrew word translated “vinegar” was applied to a beverage consisting generally of wine or strong drink turned sour, but sometimes artificially made by an admixture of barley and wine, and thus liable to fermentation. It was acid even to a proverb, (
This place, mentioned only in (
[Psaltery]
[Serpent]
(rich), father of Nahbi, the Naphtalite spy. (
A vow is a solemn promise made to God to perform or to abstain from performing a certain thing. The earliest mention of a vow is that of Jacob. (
the Latin version of the Bible. The influence which it exercised upon western Christianity is scarcely less than that of the LXX. upon the Greek churches. Both the Greek and the latin Vulgate have been long neglected; yet the Vulgate should have a very deep interest for all the western churches, many centuries it was the only Bible generally used; and, directly or indirectly is the real parent of all the vernacular versions of western Europe. The Gothic version of Ulphilas alone is independent of it. The name is equivalent to Vulgata editio (the current text of Holy Scripture. This translation was made by Jerome-Eusebius Hieronymus—who way born in 329 A.D. at Stridon in Dalmatia, and died at Bethlehem in 420 A.D. This great scholar probably alone for 1500 years possessed the qualifications necessary for producing an original version of the Scriptures for the use of the Latin churches. Going to Rome, he was requested by Pope Damascus, A.D. 383, to make a revision of the old Latin version of the New Testament, whose history is lost in obscurity. In middle life Jerome began the study of the Hebrew, and made a new version of the Old Testament from the original Hebrew which was completed A.D. 404. The critical labors of Jerome were received with a loud outcry of reproach. He was accused of disturbing the repose of the Church and shaking the foundations of faith. But clamor based upon ignorance soon dies away; and the New translation gradually came into use equally with the Old, and at length supplanted it. The vast power which the Vulgate has had in determining the theological terms of western Christendom can hardly be overrated. By far the greater part of the current doctrinal terminology is based on the Vulgate. Predestination, justification, supererogation (supererogo), sanctification, salvation, mediation, regeneration, revelation, visitation (met.) propitiation, first appear in the Old Vulgate. Grace, redemption, election, reconciliation, satisfaction, inspiration, scripture, were devoted there to a new and holy use. Sacrament and communion are from the same source; and though baptism is Greek, it comes to us from the Latin. It would be easy to extend the list by the addition of orders, penance, congregation, priest ; but it can be seen from the forms already brought forward that the Vulgate has brought forward that the Vulgate has left its mark both upon our language and upon our thoughts. It was the version which alone they knew who handed down to the reformers the rich stores of medieval wisdom; the version with which the greatest of the reformers were most familiar, and from which they had drawn their earliest knowledge of divine truth.
The rendering in the Authorized Version of the Hebrew daah, dayyah, and also in (
The earliest mention of wages is of a recompense, not in money, but in kind, to Jacob from Laban. (
The Oriental wagon, or arabah, is a vehicle composed of two or three planks fixed on two solid circular blocks of wood from two to five feet in diameter, which serve as wheels. For the conveyance of passengers, mattresses or clothes are laid in the bottom and the vehicle is drawn by buffaloes or oxen. [Cart and Chariot]
Only a few points need be noticed.
[Wilderness Of The Wandering OF THE WANDERING]
The most important topic in connection with war is the formation of the army which is destined to carry it on. [Army] In (
As knives and forks were not used in the East, in Scripture times, in eating, it was necessary that the hand, which was thrust into the common dish, should be scrupulously clean; and again, as sandals were ineffectual against the dust and heat of the climate, washing the feet on entering a house was an act both of respect to the company and of refreshment to the traveller. The former of these usages was transformed by the Pharisees of the New Testament age into a matter of ritual observance, (
The Jews, like the Greeks and Romans, divided the night into military watches instead of hours, each watch representing the period for which sentinels or pickets remained on duty. The proper Jewish reckoning recognized only three such watches, entitled the first or “beginning of the watches,” (
(
This rite, together with that of “heaving” or “raising” the offering was an inseparable accompaniment of peace offerings. In such the right shoulder, considered the choicest part of the victim, was to be (“heaved,” and viewed as holy to the Lord, only eaten therefore by the priest: the breast was to be “waved,” and eaten by the worshipper. The scriptural notices of these rites are to be found in (
(choled) occurs only in (
The art of weaving appears to be coeval with the first dawning of civilization. We find it practiced with great skill by the Egyptians at a very early period; The vestures of fine linen” such as Joseph wore, (
[Marriage]
There can be no doubt about the great antiquity of measuring time by a period of seven days. (
A. WEIGHTS.—The general principle of the present inquiry is to give the evidence of the monuments the preference on all doubtful points. All ancient Greek systems of weight were derived, either directly or indirectly, from an eastern source. The older systems of ancient Greece and Persia were the AEginetan, the Attic, the Babylonian and the Euboic.
Wells in Palestine are usually excavated from the solid limestone rock, sometimes with steps to descend into them. (
As to the signification of the Hebrew terms tan and tannin, variously rendered in the Authorized Version by “dragon,” “whale,” “serpent,” “sea-monster” see Dragon. It remains for us in this article to consider the transaction recorded in the book of Jonah, of that prophet having been swallowed up by some great fish” which in (
the well-known valuable cereal, cultivated from the earliest times, is first mentioned in ((
Under the Mosaic dispensation no legal provision was made for the maintenance of widows. They were left dependent partly on the affection of relations, more especially of the eldest son, whose birthright, or extra share of the property, imposed such a duty upon him, and partly on the privileges accorded to other distressed classes, such as a participation in the triennial third tithe, (14:29; 26:12) in leasing, (24:19-21) and in religious feasts. (16:11,14) With regard to the remarriage of widows, the only restriction imposed by the Mosaic law had reference to the contingency of one being left childless in which case the brother of the deceased husband had a right to marry the widow. (25:5,6;
[Marriage]
(The region in which the Israelites spent nearly 38 years of their existence after they had left Egypt, and spent a year before Mount Sinai. They went as far as Kadesh, on the southernmost border of Palestine, from which place spies were sent up into the promised land. These returned with such a report of the inhabitants and their walled cities that the people were discouraged, and began to murmur and rebel. For their sin they were compelled to remain 38 years longer in the wilderness, because it showed that they were not yet prepared and trained to conquer and to hold their promised possessions. The wilderness of the wandering was the great central limestone plateau of the sinaitic peninsula. It was bordered on the east by the valley of the Arabah, which runs from the Dead Sea to the head of the eastern branch of the Red Sea. On the south and south west were the granite mountains of Sinai and on the north the Mediterranean Sea and the mountainous region south of Judea. It is called the Desert of Paran, and Badiet et-Tih, which means “Desert of the Wandering.” The children of Israel were not probably marching as a nation from place to place in this wilder new during these 38 years, but they probably had a kind of headquarters at Kadesh, and were “compelled to linger on as do the Bedouin Arabs of the present day, in a half-savage, homeless state, moving about from place to place, and pitching their tents wherever they could find pasture for their flocks and herds.”—E.H. Palmer. Toward the close of the forty years from Egypt they again assembled at Kadesh, and, once more under the leadership of the Shechinah, they marched down the Arabah on their way to the promised land.—ED.)
are mentioned in (
a wady mentioned by Isaiah, (
Under a system of close inheritance like that of the Jews, the scope forbid bequest in respect of land was limited by the right of redemption and general re-entry in the jubilee year; but the law does not forbid bequests by will of such limited interest in land as was consistent with those rights. The case of houses in walled towns was different, and there can be no doubt that they must, in fact, have frequently been bequeathed by will, (
an old English word for hood or veil, used in the Authorized Version of (
The window of an Oriental house consists generally of an aperture closed in with lattice-work. (
That the Hebrews recognized the existence of four prevailing winds as issuing, broadly speaking, from the four cardinal points, north, south, east and west, may be inferred from their custom of using the expression “four winds” as equivalent to the “four quarters” of the hemisphere. (
The manufacture of wine is carried back in the Bible to the age of Noah, (
From the scanty notices contained in the Bible we gather that, the wine-presses of the Jews consisted of two receptacles of vats placed at different elevations, in the upper one of which the grapes were trodden, while the lower one received the expressed juice. The two vats are mentioned together only in (
a, book of the Apocrypha, may be divided into two parts, the first, chs. 1-9, containing the doctrine of wisdom in its moral and intellectual aspects: the second, the doctrine of wisdom as shown in history. chs. 10-19. The first part contains the praise of wisdom as the source of immortality, in contrast with the teaching of sensualists; and next the praise of wisdom as the guide of practical and intellectual life, the stay of princes, and the interpreter of the universe. The second part, again, follows the action of wisdom summarily, as preserving God’s servants, from Adam to Moses, and more particularly in the punishment of the Egyptians and Canaanites. Style and language .—The literary character of the book is most remarkable and interesting. In the richness and freedom of its vocabulary it most closely resembles the Fourth Book of Maccabees, but it is superior to that fine declamation in both power and variety of diction. The magnificent description of wisdom ch. 7:22-8:1, must rank among the noblest passages of human eloquence, and it would be perhaps impossible to point out any piece of equal length in the remains of classical antiquity more pregnant with noble thought or more rich in expressive phraseology. Doctrinal character.—The theological teaching of the book offers, in many respects, the nearest approach to the language and doctrines of Greek philosophy that is found in any Jewish writing up to the time of Philo. There is much in the views which it gives of the world of man and of the divine nature which springs rather from the combination or conflict of Hebrew and Greek thought than from the independent development of Hebrew thought alone. The conception is presented of the body as a mere weight and clog to the soul. ch, 9:15; contrast (
[Magi]
Among people with whom writing is not common the evidence of a transaction is given by some tangible memorial or significant ceremony: Abraham gave seven ewe-lambs to Abimelech as an evidence of his property in the well of Beersheba. Jacob raised a heap of stones, “the heap of witness.” as a boundary-mark between himself and Laban. (
There can be little doubt that the wolf of Palestine is the common Canis lupus, and that this is the animal so frequently mentioned in the Bible. (The wolf is a fierce animal of the same species as the dog, which it resembles. The common color is gray with a tinting of fawn, and the hair is long and black. The Syrian wolf is of lighter color than the wolf of Europe it is the dread of the shepherds of Palestine.—ED.) Wolves were doubtless far more common in biblical times than they are now, though they are occasionally seen by modern travellers. The following are the scriptural allusions to the wolf: Its ferocity is mentioned in (
The position of women in the Hebrew commonwealth contrasts favorably with that which in the present day is assigned to them generally in eastern countries. The most salient point of contrast in the usages of ancient as compared with modern Oriental society was the large amount of liberty enjoyed by women. Instead of being immured in a harem, or appearing in public with the face covered. The wives and maidens of ancient times mingled freely and openly with the other sex in the duties and amenities of ordinary life. Rebekah travelled on a camel with her face unveiled until she came into the presence of her affianced. (
[Forest]
was an article of the highest value among the Jews, as the staple material for the manufacture of clothing. (
the representative in the Authorized Version of several Hebrew words. Sas, which occurs in (
Four kinds of wormwood are found in Palestine— Artemisia nilotica, A. Judaica, A. fructicosa and A. cinerea . The word occurs frequently in the Bible, and generally in a metaphorical sense. In (
a translation of the Greek word neocoros, used once only, (
[Games]
There is no account in the Bible of the origin of writing. That the Egyptians in the time of Joseph were acquainted with writing of a certain kind there is evidence to prove, but there is nothing to show that up to this period the knowledge extended to the Hebrew family. At the same time there is no evidence against it. Writing is first distinctly mentioned in (
The notice of yarn is contained in an extremely obscure passage in (
the highest ordinary division of time. Two years were known to, and apparently used by, the Hebrews.
[Jubilee, The Year Of, YEAR OF]
[Sabbatical Year YEAR]
(removings), The plain of, or more accurately, “the oak by Zaanaim,” a tree-probably a sacred tree—mentioned as marking the spot near which Heber the Kenite was encamped when Sisera took refuge in his tent. (
[Zenan]
(migratory), a Horite chief, son of Ezer the son of Seir. (
(gift).
an Arab tribe who were attacked and spoiled by Jonathan, on his way back to Damascus from his fruitless pursuit of the army of Demetrius.
(pure).
(given) one of the sons of Bigvai, who returned in the second caravan with Ezra. (
(my gift).
(gift of God).
(given), son of Nathan, (
the Greek form of the name Zebulun. (
(pure). The sons of Zaccai to the number of 760, returned with Zerrubbabel. (
(pure), a tax-collector near Jericho, who, being short in stature climbed up into a sycamore tree in order to obtain a sight of Jesus as he passed through that place. (
a Simeonite, of the family of Mishma. (
(mindful).
(remembered by Jehovah), or properly Zechariah.
(Greek form of Zechariah).
(memorial), one of the sons of Jehiel, the father or founder of Gibeon, by his wife Maachah. (
(just).
(fatness), son of Rehoboam by Abihail the daughter of Eliab. (
(small), a place named in (
(wound) father of Hanun, who assisted in rebuilding the city wall. (
(shady), an Ahohite one of David’s guard. (
a wooded eminence in the immediate neighborhood of Shechem. (
(shady), a desert station of the Israelites, (
[Zebah]
(
(marsh).
a name given by Pharaoh to Joseph. (
(north), a place mentioned in the enumeration of the allotment of the tribe of Gad. (
the son of Judah. (
the son of Judah. (
the same as Zorah and Zoreah. (
the inhabitants of Zareah or Zorah. (
[Zered]
(smelting place), the residence of the prophet Elijah during the latter part of the drought. (
(
(splendor of the dawn), a place mentioned only in (
a branch of the tribe of Judah, descended from Zerah the son of Judah. (
(
The sons of Zattu were a family of laymen of Israel who returned with Zerubbabel. (
(
one of the sons of Jonathan, a descendant of Jerahmeel. (
and Zalmun’na (deprived of protection), the two “kings” of Midian who commanded the great invasion of Palestine, and who finally fell by the hand of Gideon himself. (
(the gazelles), mentioned in the catalogue of the families of “Solomon’s slaves” who returned from the captivity with Zerubbabel. (
(my gift) (Greek form of Zabdi) a fisherman of Galilee, the father of the apostles James the Great and John (
(purchase), one of the sons of Nebo who had taken foreign wives after the return from Babylon, (
(gazelles).
(bestowed), wife of Josiah and mother of King Jehoiakim. (
(habitation), chief man (Authorized Version “ruler”) of the city of Shechem at the time of the contest between Abimelech and the native Canaanites. (
a member of the tribe of Zebulun. (
(a habitation), the tenth of the sons of Jacob, according to the order in which their births are enumerated, the sixth and last of Leah. (
the members of the tribe of Zebulun. (
The book of Zechariah, in its existing form, consists of three principal parts, vis. chs. 1-8; chs. 9-11; chs. 12-14.
(mountain side), one of the landmarks on the north border of the land of Israel, as Promised by Moses, (
(justice of Jehovah).
(wolf), one of the two “princes” of Midian in the great invasion of Israel. (B.C. about 1250.) He is always named with Oreb. (
(a rib), a city in the allotment of Benjamin, (
(fissure), an Ammonite, one of David’s guard. (
(first-born), son of Zepher, son of Gilead, son of Machir, son of Manasseh. (
the epithet given to the apostle Simon to distinguish him from Simon Peter. (
(shadow), a place named once only, (
(double fleece of wool), a town in the allotment of Benjamin, (
one of the Hamite tribes who in the genealogical table of (
(a song), one of the sons of Becher the son of Benjamin. (
(pointed), a town in the allotment of Judah, situated in the district of the Shefelah. (
a believer, and, as may be inferred from the context, a preacher of the gospel, who is mentioned in (
(hidden by Jehovah).
(watch-tower), the earlier name, (
(watch-tower), The valley of, the spot in which Asa joined battle with Zerah the Ethiopian. (
(
(watch-tower), son of Eliphaz, son of Esau, (
(watch), the son of Gad, (
(flint), a fortified town in the allotment of Naphtali, (
(rising (of the sun)).
(Jehovah has risen).
(osier brook), (2:13,14) or Za’red, (
(the fortress) the native place of Jeroboam. (
(gold), the wife of Haman the Agagite. (
(splendor), son of Ashur, the founder of Tekoa, by his wife Helah. (
(built), one of the sons of Jeduthun in the reign of David. (
(a bundle), a Benjamite, ancestor of Kish the father of Saul. (
(full breasted), the mother of Jeroboam the son of Nebat. (
(born at Babel, i.e. Babylon), the head of the tribe of Judah at the time of the return from the Babylonish captivity in the first year of Cyrus. The history of Zerabbabel in the Scriptures is as follows: In the first year of Cyrus he was living at Babylon, and was the recognized prince of Judah in the captivity,—what in later times was called “the prince of the captivity,” or “the prince.” On the issuing of Cyrus’ decree he immediately availed himself of it, and placed himself at the head of those of his countrymen “whose spirit God had raised to go up to build the house of the Lord which is in Jerusalem.” It is probable that he was in the king of Babylon’s service, both from his having, like Daniel and the three children, received a Chaldee name, Sheshbazzar, and from the fact that he was appointed by the Persian king to the office of governor of Judea. On arriving at Jerusalem, Zerubbabel’s great work, which he set about immediately, was the rebuilding of the temple. In the second month of the second year of the return the foundation was laid with all the pomp which could be commanded. The efforts of the Samaritans were successful in putting a stop to the work during the seven remaining years of the reign of Cyrus and through the eight years of Cambyses and Smerdis. Nor does Zerubbabel appear quite blameless for this long delay. The difficulties in the way of building the temple were not such as need have stopped the work and during this long suspension of sixteen years Zerubbabel and the rest of the people had been busy in building costly houses for themselves. But in the second year of Darius, light dawned upon the darkness of the colony from Babylon. In that year—it was the most memorable event in Zerabbabel’s life—the spirit of prophecy suddenly blazed up with a most brilliant light among the returned captives. Their words fell like sparks upon tinder. In a moment Zerubbabel roused from his apathy, threw his whole strength into the work. After much opposition [see Nehemiah, The Book Of] and many hindrances find delays, the temple was at length finished, in the sixth pear of Darius, and was dedicated with much pomp and rejoicing. [Temple] The only other works of Zerubbabel of which we learn from Scripture are the restoration of the courses of priests and Levites and of the provision for their maintenance, according to the institution of David (
(balsam), the mother of the three leading heroes of David’s army—Abishai, Joah and Asahel— known as the “sons of Zeruiah.” Of Zeruiah’s husband there is no mention in the Bible. (B.C. before 1046.)
(olive), the son of Laadan, a Gershonite Levite. (
(olive), a Benjamite of the sons of Bilhan. (
(star), one of the seven eunuchs of Ahasuerus, (
(motion), one of the Gadites who dwelt in Bashan. (
(statue), a servant of Saul whom David made steward of Saul’s son Mephibosheth. (
(robber), father of Anah, whose daughter Aholibamah was Esau’s wife. (
(roe), a Benjamite, apparently the son of Shaharaim by his wife Hodesh. (
(roe), a native of Beersheba and mother of King Joash. (
(memorable).
(the declivities), a fortified town in the allotment of Naphtali, (
(justice of Jehovah) a priest or family of priests who signed the covenant with Nehemiah. (
(
the inhabitants of Zidon. They were among the nations of Canaan; left to give the Israelites practice in the art of war, (
(
(parched).
(winding), a place which possesses a special interest from its having been the residence and the private property of David. It is first mentioned in the catalogue of the towns of Judah in (
(shade). [Lamech]
(a trickling), a Syrian given by Laban to his daughter Leah as an attendant, (
(shady).
(purpose).
(celebrated), the eldest son of Keturah. (
(flat), the name given to a portion of the desert tract between the Dead Sea, Ghor, and Arabah on the east, and the general plateau of the Tih which stretches westward. The country in question consists of two or three successive terraces of mountain converging to an acute single at the Dead Sea’s southern verge, toward which also they slope. Kadesh lay in it, and here also Idumea was conterminous with Judah; since Kadesh was a city in the border of Edom. [See Kadesh, Kadeshbarnea]. (
(abundance); Zizah, the second son of Shimei the Gershonite. (
(smallness), a town in the mountain district of Judah. (
(battlement), the name of two towns in Judah.
(feminine of Ziph), another son of Jehaleleel. (
the inhabitants of Ziph, 2. In this form the name is found in the Authorized Version only in the title of (
son of Gad (
(fragrance), appoint in the north boundary of the promised land as specified by Moses. (
(sparrow), father of Balak king of Moab. (
daughter of Reuel or Jethro, the priest of Midian, wife of Moses and mother of his two sons Gershom and Eliezer. (
(protection of Jehovah), properly Sithri; one of the sons of Uzziel the son of Kohath. (
(the projection), The cliff of, the pass by which the horde of Moabites, Ammonites and Mehunim made their way up from the shores of the Dead Sea to the wilderness of Judah near Tekoa. (
(shining).
a Gershonite Levite, second son of Shimei, (
(place of departure), an ancient city of lower Egypt, called Tanis by the Greeks. It stood on the eastern bank of the Tanitic branch of the Nile. Its name indicates a place of departure from a country, and hence it has been identified with Avaris (Tanis, the modern San), the capital of the Shepherd dynasty in Egypt, built seven years after Hebron and existing before the time of Abraham. It was taken by the Shepherd kings in their invasion of Egypt, and by them rebuilt, and garrisoned, according to Manetho, with 240,000 men. This cite is mentioned in connection with the plagues in such a manner as to leave no doubt that it is the city spoken of in the narrative in Exodus as that where Pharaoh dwelt, (
(smallness), one of the most ancient cities of the land of Canaan. Its original name was Bela. (
(station), the name of a portion of Syria which formed a separate kingdom in the time of the Jewish monarchs Saul, David and Solomon. It probably was eastward of Coele-Syria, and extended thence northeast and east toward, if not even to, the Euphrates. We first hear of Zobah in the time of Saul, when we find it mentioned as a separate country, governed apparently by a number of kings who owned no common head or chief. (
(the slow), son of Coz, of the tribe of Judah. (
(light).
(serpent), The stone, This was “by En-rogel,” (
son of Ishi of the tribe of Judah. (
(a cruse) son of Helem or Hotham the son of Heber, an Asherite. (
(descended from Zuph), a Kohathite Levite, son of Elkanah and ancestor of Samuel. (
(sparrow), one of the three friends of Job. (
(watchers), The field of, a spot on or near the top of Pisgah, from which Balaam had his second view of the encampment of Israel. (
(hornet), a town in the allotment of the tribe of Dan, (
i.e. the people of Zorah, mentioned in (
[Zorah]
are named in the genealogies of Judah, (
(
(littleness), father of Nethaneel the chief of the tribe of Issachar at the time of the exodus. (
a Kohathite Levite, ancestor of Elkanah and Samuel. (
(honeycomb), The land of, a district at which Saul and his servant arrived after passing through the possessions of Shalisha, of Shalim and of the Benjamites. (
(a rock).
(my rock is God) son of Abihail, and chief of the Merarite Levites at the time of the exodus. (
(my rock is the Almighty), father of Shelumiel, the chief of the tribe of Simeon at the time of the exodus. (
An ancient people who, lying in the path of Chedorlaomer and his allies, were attacked and overthrown by them. (
Genesis
1 1 1 1:1 1:1 1:2 1:5 1:10 1:10 1:10 1:11 1:14-16 1:21 1:28 2:2 2:3 2:4 2:7 2:8-14 2:10 2:11 2:11 2:11-12 2:12 2:13 2:14 2:14 2:14 2:14 2:14 2:18-25 2:21 2:22 2:24 3 3:1 3:1 3:4 3:5 3:7 3:7 3:8 3:8 3:12-17 3:14 3:15 3:15 3:15 3:16 3:16 3:21 3:24 3:34 4 4:1-16 4:2 4:8 4:13 4:17 4:17 4:17 4:17 4:18 4:18 4:18 4:18 4:18-24 4:19 4:20 4:20 4:20 4:21 4:21 4:21 4:21 4:21 4:21 4:22 4:22 4:22 4:22 4:22 4:22 4:24 4:24 4:24 4:25 4:26 4:26 5:2 5:6 5:7 5:9 5:10 5:11 5:12 5:15 5:16 5:18-20 5:21 5:22-24 5:25-27 5:29 5:32 6:1-4 6:2 6:3 6:4 6:7 6:9 6:9 6:9-14 6:12 6:13 6:14 6:14 6:14 6:15 6:15-17 6:16 7:1 7:11 7:12 7:14 7:20 8 8:4 8:4 8:7 8:7-12 8:10 8:20 8:20 9:1 9:2 9:4 9:4 9:4 9:5 9:6 9:13 9:20 9:20 9:21 9:21 9:25 9:25-27 9:26 9:26 9:27 10:1 10:2 10:2 10:2 10:2 10:2 10:2 10:2 10:2-5 10:3 10:3 10:3 10:3 10:4 10:4 10:4 10:4 10:4 10:4 10:4 10:5 10:6 10:6 10:6 10:6 10:6-10 10:7 10:7 10:7 10:7 10:7 10:7 10:7 10:7 10:8 10:10 10:10 10:10 10:11 10:11 10:11 10:11 10:11 10:11 10:11 10:12 10:12 10:13 10:13 10:13 10:13 10:13 10:13 10:14 10:14 10:14 10:15 10:15 10:16 10:16 10:16 10:17 10:17 10:17 10:18 10:18 10:18 10:18 10:18-20 10:19 10:19 10:19 10:19 10:19 10:19 10:21 10:22 10:22 10:22 10:22 10:22 10:22 10:22 10:22 10:23 10:23 10:23 10:23 10:24 10:24 10:24 10:24 10:25 10:25 10:26 10:26 10:26 10:26 10:27 10:27 10:27 10:28 10:28 10:28 10:28 10:29 10:29 10:29 10:30 10:30 10:30 10:30 10:31 11:2 11:2-9 11:3 11:3 11:3 11:3 11:3 11:3 11:4 11:5 11:10 11:16 11:18 11:18-14 11:19 11:20 11:20-23 11:21 11:22-25 11:24-32 11:26 11:26 11:27 11:27 11:27 11:28 11:28 11:28 11:29 11:29 11:29 11:29 11:29 11:29 11:30 11:30 11:31 11:31 11:31 11:31 11:32 12:2 12:3 12:3 12:4 12:5 12:5 12:6 12:6 12:6 12:6 12:6 12:6 12:6 12:6 12:7 12:7 12:7 12:7 12:7 12:8 12:8 12:8 12:10 12:10-20 12:12 12:14 12:15 12:15 12:15 12:16 12:16 12:16 13:1 13:1 13:2 13:2 13:3 13:3 13:4 13:4 13:8 13:10 13:10-13 13:10-14 13:14 13:14 13:18 13:18 13:18 13:18 13:18 14 14:1 14:1 14:1 14:1 14:1 14:1 14:2 14:2 14:2 14:2 14:2 14:2 14:2 14:2 14:2-8 14:3 14:3 14:3 14:5 14:5 14:5 14:5 14:6 14:6 14:6 14:6 14:7 14:7 14:7 14:7 14:8 14:8 14:8 14:8 14:8 14:9 14:9 14:10 14:10 14:13 14:13 14:13 14:13 14:14 14:15 14:15 14:15 14:16 14:17 14:17 14:17 14:18 14:18 14:18 14:18 14:18-20 14:20 14:21 14:22 14:23 14:23 14:23 14:24 14:24 14:51 15 15:1 15:2 15:2 15:2 15:2 15:9 15:10 15:10 15:12 15:13 15:13 15:14 15:14 15:16 15:17 15:18 15:18 15:18 15:18 15:18-21 15:19 15:19 15:19 15:20 15:21 16:1 16:1 16:2 16:2 16:3 16:4 16:7 16:7 16:12 16:14 16:15 16:16 17 17:1 17:1 17:3 17:5 17:12 17:12 17:13 17:15 17:26 18:1 18:1 18:1 18:1 18:2 18:2 18:4 18:4 18:6 18:6 18:6 18:6 18:7 18:8 18:8 18:8 18:8 18:13 18:14 18:17-33 18:22 18:33 19:1 19:1 19:1 19:1 19:1 19:1 19:1 19:1 19:1-22 19:2 19:3 19:15 19:22 19:22 19:23 19:23-29 19:24 19:28 19:30 19:30 19:38 19:38 20 20:1 20:1 20:12 20:16 20:16 21 21:8 21:9 21:9-21 21:9-21 21:10 21:10 21:14 21:14 21:14 21:17 21:22 21:30 21:30 21:31 21:32 21:32 21:32 21:32 21:33 21:33 21:34 22:1 22:1 22:2 22:4 22:11 22:12 22:14 22:14 22:17 22:20 22:21 22:21 22:21 22:21 22:21 22:21 22:22 22:22 22:22 22:22 22:22 22:23 22:23 22:23 22:23 22:24 22:24 22:24 22:24 22:24 22:25 23:2 23:2 23:2 23:2-20 23:3 23:5 23:8 23:8-17 23:10 23:15 23:16 23:17 23:17 23:19 23:19 23:19 23:22 23:27 24 24:1 24:2 24:2 24:2 24:3 24:4 24:10 24:10 24:10 24:10 24:10 24:10 24:14-20 24:15 24:15 24:15-20 24:16 24:22 24:22 24:22 24:22 24:22 24:24 24:24 24:25 24:29-60 24:32 24:36 24:47 24:47 24:48 24:51 24:53 24:53 24:53 24:55 24:58 24:59 24:59 24:60 24:60 24:62 24:62 24:63 24:64 24:64 24:64 24:65 24:65 25:1 25:1 25:1-4 25:2 25:2 25:2 25:2 25:2 25:3 25:3 25:3 25:3 25:3 25:4 25:4 25:4 25:4 25:4 25:5 25:6 25:6 25:6 25:7-10 25:8 25:9 25:9 25:9 25:9 25:13 25:13 25:13 25:13 25:14 25:14 25:15 25:15 25:15 25:15 25:15 25:15 25:15 25:16 25:17 25:18 25:18 25:18 25:19-28 25:20 25:20 25:20 25:25 25:25 25:26 25:27 25:28 25:31 25:34 26:1 26:1 26:1 26:3 26:7 26:8 26:12 26:14 26:17 26:17 26:20 26:21 26:22 26:22 26:22 26:25 26:25 26:26 26:34 26:34 26:34 26:34 26:34 26:34 26:34 26:53 27:1 27:1 27:3 27:3 27:19 27:27-40 27:28 27:32-38 27:43 28:1 28:2 28:2 28:2 28:3 28:3 28:5 28:5 28:6 28:7 28:8 28:9 28:9 28:9 28:9 28:11-19 28:14 28:18 28:18 28:18 28:18-22 28:19 28:22 28:26 28:29 29:1 29:1 29:5 29:6 29:7 29:8 29:11 29:11 29:12 29:13 29:14 29:15 29:16 29:17 29:20 29:22 29:23 29:23 29:23 29:23 29:24 29:26 29:27 29:27 29:28 29:29 29:32 29:33 29:34 30:3-8 30:6 30:8 30:9-13 30:11-13 30:13 30:13 30:14 30:14 30:16 30:17 30:18 30:19 30:20 30:20 30:21 30:28 30:29 30:36 30:37 30:37 30:37 30:37 30:38 30:38 31:1 31:1-8 31:7 31:8 31:13 31:13 31:13 31:19 31:19 31:21 31:21 31:23 31:25 31:25 31:27 31:28 31:30 31:32 31:39 31:40 31:40 31:41 31:44 31:45 31:47 31:47 31:47 31:47 31:48 31:48 31:50 31:52 31:52 31:52 31:52 31:53 32:1 32:2 32:2 32:3 32:3 32:7 32:8 32:10 32:14 32:15 32:15 32:21 32:22 32:24 32:27 32:28 32:28 32:30 32:30 32:30 32:31 33:3 33:4 33:13 33:13 33:13 33:18 33:18 33:18 33:19 33:19 33:19 33:19 33:20 34 34 34:2 34:2 34:2-26 34:4 34:6 34:8 34:11 34:12 34:13 34:18 34:20 34:20 34:24 34:25 34:26 35:1 35:1-8 35:4 35:4 35:4 35:4 35:7 35:8 35:8 35:14 35:15 35:16 35:16 35:16 35:17 35:18 35:18 35:19 35:19 35:19 35:20 35:21 35:21 35:21 35:22 35:22-26 35:23 35:25 35:26 35:27 35:27 36:2 36:2 36:2 36:2 36:2 36:3 36:4 36:4 36:4 36:5 36:5 36:5-9 36:6 36:8 36:10 36:10 36:11 36:11 36:11 36:11 36:12 36:12 36:12 36:13 36:13 36:13 36:13 36:13 36:13 36:14 36:14 36:14 36:14 36:15 36:15 36:15 36:15 36:16 36:16 36:16 36:16 36:17 36:17 36:17 36:17 36:17 36:18 36:18 36:18 36:20 36:20 36:20 36:20 36:20 36:21 36:21 36:22 36:22 36:22 36:22 36:23 36:23 36:23 36:23 36:23 36:23 36:24 36:24 36:24 36:25 36:26 36:26 36:26 36:26 36:26 36:26 36:26 36:27 36:27 36:27 36:27 36:27 36:28 36:28 36:28 36:29 36:29 36:29 36:30 36:30 36:30 36:30 36:31-33 36:32 36:32 36:33 36:35 36:35 36:35 36:36 36:36 36:37 36:37 36:37 36:37 36:38 36:38 36:38 36:39 36:39 36:39 36:39 36:39 36:39 36:39 36:40 36:40 36:40-43 36:41 36:41 36:42 36:42 36:43 36:43 36:50 37:2 37:2 37:3 37:5-7 37:10 37:14 37:17 37:18-30 37:22 37:23 37:25 37:25 37:25 37:25 37:25 37:25 37:25 37:26-28 37:27 37:27 37:28 37:28 37:28 37:28 37:29 37:34 37:34 37:35 37:36 38 38:1 38:1 38:2 38:3-7 38:4 38:5 38:5 38:6 38:8-30 38:9 38:11 38:12 38:12 38:12 38:12 38:12 38:13 38:14 38:14 38:14 38:15 38:17 38:18 38:18 38:18 38:18 38:20 38:24 38:25 38:26 38:28 38:30 38:30 38:41 39:1 39:1 39:1 39:4-6 39:7-13 39:19 39:20 40:1 40:1-13 40:3 40:9-11 40:11 40:12 40:16 40:19 40:20 40:20 40:21 40:25 41:1 41:2 41:2 41:9 41:18 41:18 41:22 41:22 41:40 41:40 41:42 41:42 41:42 41:42 41:42 41:42 41:43 41:45 41:45 41:45 41:45 41:45 41:50 41:50 41:50-52 41:51 41:53-57 41:54-57 42:15 42:17 42:19 42:24 42:25 42:35 42:35 42:36 42:37 42:38 43:3-10 43:11 43:11 43:11 43:11 43:11 43:11 43:14 43:16 43:16 43:16 43:16 43:21 43:23 43:24 43:29 43:30 43:33 43:33 43:34 43:34 44:5 44:13 44:32 45:6 45:19 45:19 45:27 45:28 46:8 46:9 46:9 46:9 46:9 46:9 46:10 46:10 46:10 46:10 46:10 46:10 46:10 46:11 46:11 46:11 46:11 46:12 46:12 46:12 46:13 46:13 46:13 46:13 46:13 46:14 46:14 46:14 46:14 46:16 46:16 46:16 46:16 46:16 46:16 46:16 46:16 46:17 46:17 46:17 46:17 46:17 46:17 46:17 46:17 46:18 46:18 46:18 46:20 46:20 46:20 46:21 46:21 46:21 46:21 46:21 46:21 46:21 46:21 46:21 46:21 46:21 46:21 46:21 46:23 46:23 46:24 46:24 46:24 46:24 46:25 46:28 47:3 47:6 47:6 47:6 47:11 47:11 47:13 47:14 47:17 47:29 48:1 48:3 48:7 48:7 48:7 48:7 48:7 48:10 48:12 48:15 48:20 49:1 49:3 49:5-7 49:10 49:10 49:10 49:10 49:10 49:11 49:17 49:21 49:24 49:27 49:29 49:30 49:30 49:31 50 50:2 50:3 50:3 50:7 50:7 50:10 50:10 50:11 50:11 50:13 50:13 50:26 50:26 50:26
Exodus
1:1 1:1-18 1:8 1:11 1:11 1:11 1:11 1:11 1:14 1:14 1:15 1:15 1:15-18 1:15-21 2:1 2:2 2:3 2:3 2:3 2:3 2:3 2:3 2:4 2:5 2:5 2:5 2:6-10 2:9 2:10 2:11 2:15 2:15 2:15 2:16 2:16 2:18 2:18 2:19 2:20 2:21 2:21 2:21 2:22 3 3:1 3:1 3:2 3:2 3:2 3:2-6 3:3 3:4 3:5 3:6 3:8 3:8 3:14 3:14 3:16 3:17 3:18 3:22 4:6 4:13 4:14 4:16 4:18 4:18 4:19 4:24 4:24-28 4:25 4:25 4:30 5:1 5:3 5:7 5:7 5:14 5:16 6 6:3 6:3 6:3 6:3 6:4 6:4-9 6:8 6:13-23 6:14 6:14 6:14 6:15 6:15 6:15 6:15 6:15 6:16 6:16 6:17 6:17 6:17 6:18 6:18 6:18 6:18 6:18 6:19 6:19 6:20 6:20 6:20 6:21 6:21 6:21 6:22 6:22 6:22 6:22 6:23 6:23 6:23 6:23 6:23 6:23 6:23 6:24 6:24 6:24 6:25 6:25 6:25 7:1 7:2 7:3-12 7:9 7:9-13 7:10 7:11 7:11 7:12 7:16-25 7:19 7:19 7:20 7:22 8 8:1-15 8:2-7 8:3 8:7 8:16-18 8:16-19 8:18 8:19 8:20-32 8:21-31 9:1-7 9:4 9:8 9:8-12 9:9 9:10 9:10 9:13-34 9:20 9:31 9:32 9:32 10:1-20 10:4 10:6 10:12 10:15 10:15 10:19 10:19 10:21-29 10:26 10:26 10:34 10:38 11:4 11:5 11:18 12 12:1 12:1-51 12:2 12:2 12:3-27 12:8 12:8 12:14 12:16 12:17 12:19 12:24-27 12:26 12:29 12:29 12:31 12:32 12:34 12:37 12:37 12:37 12:38 12:38 12:38 12:38 12:39 12:39 12:39 12:40 12:40 12:40 12:40 12:41 12:42 12:42 12:44 12:44 12:45 12:46 12:48 12:48 13:2 13:2 13:2 13:2-10 13:3-10 13:4 13:5 13:5 13:8-10 13:11-17 13:12 13:12 13:12-15 13:13 13:13 13:16 13:16 13:18 13:18 13:20 13:20 13:20 13:21 14:2 14:2 14:2 14:7 14:9 14:9 14:16 14:19 14:19 14:21 14:23-25 14:24 14:24 14:28 15:1 15:1 15:1-19 15:1-19 15:4 15:4 15:4 15:8 15:10 15:10 15:12 15:12-18 15:14 15:17 15:19 15:20 15:20 15:20 15:20 15:20 15:20 15:20 15:20 15:21 15:22 15:22 15:23 15:23 15:27 15:27 16:1 16:1 16:1 16:7 16:13 16:13 16:14-36 16:16-36 16:20 16:22-30 16:23-29 16:29 16:29 16:29 16:31 16:36 17:1 17:1 17:4 17:7 17:8 17:8-16 17:8-16 17:9 17:9 17:10 17:12 17:14 17:14 17:15 17:15 17:16 17:16 18:2 18:3 18:4 18:6 18:7 18:9-22 18:25 18:26 19:2 19:2 19:5 19:6 19:11-13 19:13 19:16-21 19:18 19:19 19:20 19:40 20 20:4 20:7 20:9-11 20:10 20:12 20:12 20:14 20:16 20:21 20:21 20:23 20:24 20:24 20:25 20:26 20:26 21:1-6 21:2 21:2 21:4 21:5 21:6 21:6 21:6 21:6 21:7 21:7 21:7-9 21:7-9 21:7-11 21:10 21:10-14 21:10-14 21:12 21:12 21:14 21:14 21:15 21:15 21:15 21:15 21:16 21:16 21:17 21:17 21:17 21:17 21:18 21:18-36 21:19 21:20 21:20 21:20 21:21 21:22-25 21:24 21:25 21:26 21:26 21:26 21:27 21:27 21:27 21:28-30 21:32 22:1 22:1 22:1-4 22:2 22:2 22:3 22:3 22:5 22:6 22:8 22:9 22:13 22:16 22:17 22:18 22:18 22:19 22:20 22:20 22:21 22:25 22:25-27 22:25-27 22:26 22:27 22:28 22:29 22:29 22:29 22:29 22:29 22:29 22:30 23:1 23:1-3 23:5-15 23:10 23:10 23:10 23:11 23:11 23:11 23:11 23:11 23:12 23:12 23:12 23:13 23:14-19 23:15 23:16 23:16 23:16 23:16 23:16 23:16 23:16 23:19 23:19 23:19 23:20 23:23 23:28 23:31 23:31 23:31 24:1 24:1 24:1 24:4 24:7 24:7 24:10 24:11 24:12 24:13 24:13 24:14 24:18 24:18 25 25 25 25 25:1-7 25:1-8 25:4 25:5 25:5 25:5 25:5 25:8 25:9 25:16 25:16 25:17 25:17 25:18 25:21 25:23-30 25:25 25:30 25:31-36 25:31-37 25:33 25:34 25:37 25:37 25:38 25:40 26 26:6 26:7 26:7 26:11 26:30 26:32 26:33 26:36 26:37 26:37 27:1 27:1 27:2 27:3 27:3 27:6 27:8 27:9 27:9 27:9 27:10 27:19 27:20 27:20 27:20 27:21 27:21 28:1 28:1 28:4 28:4 28:9-36 28:11 28:11 28:11 28:15 28:15-30 28:16 28:17 28:17 28:17-21 28:18 28:18 28:18 28:19 28:19 28:19 28:19 28:20 28:20 28:21 28:27 28:29 28:30 28:30 28:32 28:33 28:33 28:34 28:34 28:36 28:36 28:37 28:39 28:39 28:40 28:40 28:40 28:41 28:43 29 29:1 29:2 29:2 29:3 29:7 29:9 29:10-14 29:12 29:21 29:23 29:23 29:24 29:28 29:28 29:29 29:36 29:38-41 29:38-42 29:38-42 29:38-44 29:40 29:40 29:40 29:40 29:41 29:42 29:43 30:6 30:7 30:7 30:7 30:7 30:8 30:8 30:8 30:8 30:8 30:9 30:12-16 30:13 30:13 30:13-15 30:19 30:19 30:21 30:21 30:22-38 30:23 30:23 30:23 30:23-25 30:24 30:24 30:25 30:26-28 30:33 30:34 30:34 30:34-36 30:35 30:35 31:1-6 31:2 31:2 31:2 31:5 31:6 31:6 31:12-17 31:14 31:17 31:18 31:18 32 32:1 32:2 32:4 32:4 32:16 32:18 32:18 32:19 32:20 32:27 32:33 33:2 33:7 33:9 33:10 33:11 33:16 33:21 33:22 34:5 34:6 34:6 34:7 34:11 34:15 34:18 34:18-26 34:19 34:20 34:21 34:22 34:22 34:22 34:27 34:28 34:28 35:2 35:3 35:4-29 35:7 35:11 35:11 35:13 35:17 35:20 35:22 35:25 35:25 35:26 35:26 35:30 35:30 35:30 35:30-35 35:33 35:34 35:34 35:35 36 36:5-7 36:13 37 37 37:6 37:17-22 37:17-24 37:19 37:20 37:23 37:29 38 38:1 38:1 38:3 38:8 38:8 38:8 38:9 38:13 38:20 38:21 38:22 38:22 38:23 38:30 39:2 39:6 39:10 39:10 39:11 39:11 39:12 39:12 39:12 39:13 39:22 39:28 39:28 39:30 39:32 39:33 39:33 39:34 39:36 39:38 39:42 39:43 40:5 40:9 40:15 40:15 40:19 40:29 40:33 40:34 40:36 40:36 40:37
Leviticus
1:1 2 2:1 2:12 2:13 2:13 2:14 3:1 3:1 3:3 3:9 3:9 3:9 3:10 3:14-17 3:16 3:16 3:17 3:17 3:17 4 4 4:3 4:3 4:5 4:16 5 5:1 5:11 5:11 5:16 5:16 6 6:1-7 6:8-13 6:12 6:12 6:13 6:13 6:14-23 6:16 6:20 6:26 6:28 6:29 7:3 7:6-10 7:11-17 7:11-21 7:12 7:13 7:20 7:23 7:23 7:25 7:26 7:26 7:26 7:26 7:30 7:33 7:34 7:34 8 8 8:1 8:1 8:1 8:2 8:8 8:8 8:9 8:10 8:11 8:12 8:12 8:15 8:20 8:25 8:26 8:27 8:31 9 9 9:3 9:13 9:21 10:1 10:1 10:1 10:1 10:1 10:1 10:2 10:2 10:2 10:4 10:4 10:5 10:6 10:6 10:11 10:12 10:12-15 10:14 10:15 10:19 10:33 11 11:1 11:1 11:6 11:7 11:9 11:10 11:10 11:13 11:13 11:14 11:15 11:16 11:16 11:17 11:17 11:18 11:18 11:18 11:19 11:19 11:19 11:19 11:22 11:25 11:29 11:29 11:29 11:30 11:30 11:30 11:30 11:30 11:32 11:40 12 12:1-8 12:2-5 12:3 12:6 12:8 12:14 12:16 13 13:1 13:2 13:3 13:4 13:5 13:8 13:10 13:10 13:10 13:12 13:12 13:13 13:13 13:14 13:15 13:15 13:16 13:17 13:20 13:23 13:25 13:29 13:30 13:45 13:47 13:47 13:47 13:48 13:48 14 14:1 14:1 14:1 14:4-32 14:6 14:8 14:8 14:9 14:9 14:10 14:13 14:15 14:15 14:15 14:16 14:16 14:17 14:18 14:18 14:18 14:34 14:42 14:45 14:45 15 15:2 15:3 15:3 15:9 15:11 15:12-15 15:13 15:13-15 15:17 15:18 15:18 16 16:1 16:1 16:2 16:12 16:12 16:12 16:28 16:29 16:32 17:1-6 17:2-7 17:7 17:7 17:10 17:11-13 18 18:1 18:6-18 18:16 18:18 18:20 18:27 19:3 19:5 19:9 19:9 19:9 19:9 19:9 19:10 19:10 19:10 19:10 19:10 19:12 19:13 19:13 19:14 19:17 19:19 19:19 19:19 19:19 19:20 19:20-22 19:21 19:26 19:26 19:27 19:28 19:30 19:31 19:32 19:33 19:33 19:34 19:34 19:34 19:34 19:36 20 20:1 20:1-5 20:2 20:9 20:9 20:10 20:11 20:14 20:16 20:24 20:26 20:27 21:1 21:5 21:9 21:9 21:9 21:10 21:10-12 21:17-21 21:18 21:18-21 21:20 21:21 22:1-9 22:2-8 22:4 22:6 22:9 22:10 22:11 22:11 22:11 22:11 22:14 22:19 22:21 22:22 22:22 22:23 23 23:1 23:3 23:3 23:4 23:4-14 23:5 23:5 23:6 23:10 23:10 23:10 23:10-14 23:10-14 23:10-14 23:12 23:13 23:14 23:15 23:15 23:15 23:15 23:17 23:17-20 23:18 23:19 23:19 23:20 23:21 23:22 23:22 23:23-25 23:24 23:24 23:25 23:26-32 23:26-32 23:32 23:33-43 23:34-36 23:35 23:36 23:39 23:39 23:40 24:2 24:2 24:6 24:9 24:11 24:11 24:11 24:12 24:14 24:14 24:14 24:15 24:15 24:16 24:16 24:16 24:16 24:17 24:17 24:18-21 24:19 24:19 24:19 24:19 24:19 24:19-22 24:20 24:21 24:21 24:22 24:23 25:1-7 25:3 25:5 25:5 25:6 25:6 25:6 25:8-16 25:8-16 25:9 25:10 25:11 25:12 25:20-22 25:23 25:23 25:23 25:23 25:25 25:25-27 25:25-30 25:29 25:30 25:30 25:31-34 25:32 25:35 25:36 25:37 25:37 25:37 25:38 25:39 25:39 25:39 25:39 25:39-42 25:40 25:40 25:40 25:42 25:43 25:44 25:45 25:45 25:45 25:46 25:46 25:47-54 25:47-54 25:47-55 26:1-10 26:2 26:2-13 26:14 26:24 26:25 26:26 26:26 27:1 27:1-7 27:5 27:6 27:9 27:13 27:14-34 27:15 27:16 27:16 27:18 27:27 27:28 27:28 27:28 27:29 27:30-33 27:32 27:32 28:21 28:27 33:10
Numbers
1 1:1 1:1 1:2 1:3 1:4 1:5 1:5 1:6 1:6 1:7 1:7 1:7 1:8 1:8 1:9 1:9 1:10 1:10 1:10 1:10 1:11 1:11 1:12 1:12 1:13 1:13 1:14 1:14 1:15 1:15 1:20 1:20 1:21 1:23 1:24 1:26 1:27 1:43 1:52 2 2 2:1 2:1 2:2 2:2 2:2 2:3 2:3 2:3 2:5 2:5 2:7 2:7 2:8 2:10 2:10 2:11 2:12 2:12 2:14 2:14 2:14 2:14 2:17 2:18 2:18 2:20 2:22 2:25 2:25 2:25-31 2:26 2:27 2:27 2:27 2:29 2:32 2:34 2:37 2:37 2:50 3 3:1-13 3:2 3:2 3:3 3:3 3:4 3:4 3:4 3:9 3:10 3:14 3:15 3:16 3:16 3:18 3:18 3:19 3:19 3:19 3:20 3:20 3:21 3:24 3:24 3:25 3:25 3:26 3:26 3:27 3:27 3:27 3:27 3:27 3:27 3:27 3:30 3:31 3:32 3:35 3:35 4:1 4:3 4:5 4:5-15 4:9 4:14 4:15 4:20 4:21-33 4:22-26 4:23 4:25 4:26 4:26 4:30 4:35 4:41-43 5:2 5:7 5:11-29 5:11-31 5:13 5:15 5:15 5:22 6:1-21 6:2 6:5 6:5 6:9 6:9 6:9 6:14 6:15 6:15 6:17 6:17 6:18 6:19 6:19 6:19 6:20 6:24-26 6:24-26 7:2 7:3 7:3 7:3 7:3 7:7 7:8 7:9 7:13 7:18 7:18 7:19 7:23 7:24 7:24 7:26 7:29 7:29 7:30 7:30 7:35 7:35 7:36 7:36 7:41 7:41 7:42 7:42 7:47 7:47 7:48 7:48 7:53 7:54 7:54 7:59 7:59 7:60 7:60 7:65 7:65 7:66 7:66 7:71 7:72 7:72 7:77 7:77 7:78 7:79 7:83 8:4 8:7 8:19 8:25 8:26 9:1-14 9:2 9:15-23 9:15-23 9:17 9:22 10:1-8 10:3 10:5 10:6 10:10 10:10 10:10 10:11 10:14 10:14 10:15 10:16 10:16 10:18 10:18 10:19 10:19 10:20 10:20 10:21 10:22 10:22 10:23 10:23 10:24 10:24 10:25 10:26 10:26 10:27 10:29 10:29 10:31 10:33 10:33 10:34 10:35 10:36 11:3 11:4 11:5 11:5 11:5 11:5 11:5 11:5 11:5 11:5 11:6 11:6 11:7 11:7 11:7-9 11:8 11:12 11:16 11:16 11:16 11:16 11:16 11:17 11:24 11:24-30 11:25 11:25-27 11:26 11:26 11:31 11:31 11:31 11:31 11:32 11:32 11:35 12:1 12:1 12:1-15 12:2 12:3 12:4 12:5 12:6-8 12:8 12:10 12:14 12:16 13:3 13:4 13:4 13:5 13:5 13:6 13:6 13:7 13:7 13:8 13:9 13:9 13:10 13:10 13:11 13:11 13:12 13:12 13:13 13:13 13:14 13:14 13:15 13:15 13:16 13:16 13:17 13:17 13:21 13:21 13:21 13:21 13:22 13:22 13:22 13:22 13:23 13:23 13:23 13:24 13:24 13:26 13:26 13:28 13:29 13:29 13:29 13:29 13:29 14:6 14:7 14:10 14:25 14:29-33 14:35 14:45 14:45 15:1 15:4 15:5 15:7 15:8 15:15 15:19 15:20 15:21 15:21 15:30 15:32 15:32-36 15:32-36 15:34 15:36 15:38 15:38 15:38-41 15:39 16 16:1 16:1 16:1 16:1 16:1 16:1 16:1-6 16:1-6 16:6 16:12 16:13-15 16:19 16:22 16:32 16:40 16:42 17:6 17:6 17:7 17:8 18:1 18:4 18:7 18:8-14 18:8-32 18:11 18:11 18:12 18:12 18:13 18:14 18:14-19 18:15-18 18:16 18:18 18:18 18:19 18:20-24 18:21 18:21-28 18:24 18:24-32 18:26 18:26-28 18:26-29 19 19 19:1 19:4-10 19:7 19:11-18 19:22 20:1 20:1 20:1 20:1 20:1 20:5 20:6 20:10-12 20:13 20:14 20:14 20:18-21 20:20 20:22 20:23 20:24 20:25 20:27 20:28 20:28 20:28 20:29 21:3 21:4 21:4-9 21:6 21:6 21:8 21:9 21:9 21:10 21:11 21:12 21:13 21:13 21:13 21:13 21:14 21:14 21:14 21:14 21:15 21:16 21:16 21:16-18 21:17 21:18 21:18 21:18 21:19 21:19 21:19 21:20 21:20 21:21 21:21 21:23 21:24 21:24 21:24 21:25 21:26 21:26 21:26 21:26-29 21:27-30 21:28 21:29 21:30 21:30 21:30 21:31 21:32 21:32 21:33 21:33 21:33 22:1 22:1 22:2 22:4 22:5 22:5 22:5 22:5 22:7 22:7 22:10 22:16 22:22 22:24 22:24 22:24 22:24 22:33 22:36 22:39 22:41 22:41 23:1 23:4 23:4 23:7 23:7 23:14 23:14 23:14 23:14 23:18 23:18 23:21 23:28 23:28 24:1 24:3 24:3 24:4 24:4 24:6 24:6 24:7 24:15 24:16 24:17 24:17 24:17-19 24:21 24:22 24:22 24:22 24:24 24:24 24:24 25 25:1 25:1 25:3-18 25:4 25:7 25:7 25:7 25:8 25:10-13 25:14 25:14 25:14 25:15 25:15 25:18 25:18 26 26:1-11 26:1-15 26:3 26:3 26:3 26:5 26:5 26:5 26:5 26:6 26:6 26:6 26:8 26:8 26:9 26:9 26:9 26:9-11 26:11 26:12 26:12 26:12 26:13 26:13 26:15 26:15 26:15 26:15 26:16 26:16 26:16 26:16 26:17 26:17 26:17 26:19 26:19 26:20 26:20 26:20 26:20 26:20 26:21 26:21 26:23 26:23 26:23 26:23 26:23 26:24 26:24 26:25 26:26 26:26 26:26 26:26 26:26 26:26 26:27 26:29 26:29 26:29 26:30 26:30 26:30 26:31 26:31 26:31 26:32 26:32 26:32 26:32 26:33 26:33 26:33 26:33 26:33 26:33 26:35 26:35 26:35 26:35 26:35 26:35 26:36 26:36 26:38 26:38 26:38 26:38 26:38 26:38 26:38 26:39 26:39 26:39 26:39 26:40 26:40 26:40 26:40 26:40 26:42 26:42 26:44 26:44 26:44 26:44 26:44 26:44 26:44 26:45 26:45 26:45 26:46 26:46 26:48 26:48 26:48 26:48-50 26:49 26:49 26:58 26:58 26:59 26:59 26:61 26:64 26:65 27:1 27:1 27:1 27:1 27:1 27:1-11 27:1-11 27:2 27:3 27:6-8 27:8 27:8 27:9-11 27:12 27:14 27:14 27:18 27:18 27:21 28 28:1 28:5 28:6 28:9 28:9 28:10 28:11 28:11-14 28:11-15 28:15 28:15-29 28:16-25 28:16-25 28:19 28:22 28:26 28:30 28:40 29 29:1 29:1 29:1-6 29:5 29:12-38 29:12-38 29:13-40 29:16 29:19 29:22 29:25 29:28 29:31 29:34 29:36 29:38 29:38 29:39 30:1 30:2 30:3-5 30:3-18 30:6-15 30:9 30:13 31:6 31:8 31:8 31:8 31:8 31:8 31:8 31:8 31:8 31:10-13 31:12 31:14 31:14 31:16 31:16 31:20 31:22 31:22 31:22 31:25-47 31:26 31:26 31:26-47 31:35 31:47 31:48-54 31:50 32:1 32:1 32:1 32:1 32:1-42 32:3 32:3 32:3 32:3 32:3 32:3 32:3 32:3 32:3 32:3 32:9 32:12 32:12 32:33 32:33 32:34 32:34 32:34 32:35 32:35 32:35 32:36 32:36 32:36 32:37 32:37 32:38 32:38 32:38 32:38 32:38 32:39 32:41 32:41 32:42 32:42 32:51 33:1 33:3 33:3 33:3 33:5 33:5 33:5 33:6 33:6 33:6 33:7 33:7 33:7 33:8 33:8 33:8 33:8 33:9 33:11 33:11 33:12 33:13 33:14 33:17 33:18 33:19 33:19 33:20 33:20 33:20 33:21 33:21 33:22 33:22 33:23 33:23 33:24 33:25 33:26 33:26 33:27 33:28 33:29 33:29 33:30 33:31 33:32 33:33 33:34 33:35 33:35 33:36 33:37 33:37 33:39 33:41 33:41 33:42 33:43 33:43 33:44 33:45 33:45 33:46 33:46 33:47 33:47 33:48 33:48 33:49 33:49 33:49 33:49 34:1 34:3 34:3-6 34:4 34:4 34:4 34:5 34:7 34:8 34:8 34:8 34:8 34:8 34:8 34:9 34:9 34:10 34:10 34:11 34:11 34:11 34:11 34:11 34:12 34:12 34:20 34:20 34:21 34:21 34:22 34:22 34:23 34:23 34:24 34:24 34:25 34:25 34:26 34:26 34:27 34:27 34:28 34:28 35:2 35:2 35:4 35:5 35:5 35:6 35:7 35:8 35:9-28 35:13 35:15 35:19 35:22 35:22 35:23 35:25 35:30 35:30 36:1 36:2 36:6 36:6 36:7 36:8 36:11 36:11 36:11 36:11 36:13 38:1
Deuteronomy
1:44 2:20 4:49 11 14 14 14:4 14:7 14:12 14:12 14:17 15:7 22:12 26 26:12 31 32:49 34 34:1 34:8
Joshua
1:1 1:1 1:4 1:4 2:1 2:1 2:1 2:1 2:1 2:1-21 2:5 2:6 2:7 2:7 2:10 2:15 2:15-18 3:1 3:3 3:4 3:10 3:11-16 3:15 3:16 3:16 3:16 3:18 3:29 4:3 4:9 4:12 4:13 4:19 4:19 4:20 4:46 5:1 5:2 5:3 5:9 5:10 5:10 5:12 5:13 5:14 5:15 5:15 5:15 6:26 6:26 7:1 7:1 7:1 7:2 7:2 7:3-5 7:5 7:6 7:17 7:17 7:18 7:18 7:19-26 7:21 7:21 7:24 7:25 7:26 7:26 7:26 7:26 8:1 8:2 8:9 8:12 8:29 8:30-35 9:1 9:1 9:1 9:3 9:3-15 9:4 9:5 9:6 9:6 9:7 9:10 9:10 9:15 9:15 9:15 9:17 9:17 9:17 9:17 9:18 9:18 9:23 9:27 9:27 9:27 10:1 10:1 10:1 10:1-27 10:2 10:3 10:3 10:3 10:3 10:3 10:3 10:5 10:5 10:5 10:5 10:6 10:7 10:10 10:10 10:10-50 10:11 10:12 10:13 10:15 10:22 10:23 10:24 10:26 10:26 10:30 10:31-33 10:33 10:33 10:35 10:40 10:40 10:41 10:41 11:1 11:1 11:1 11:1 11:1 11:1 11:1 11:1-3 11:1-14 11:2 11:2 11:3 11:3 11:3 11:3 11:3 11:3 11:4 11:5 11:6 11:7 11:8 11:8 11:8 11:10 11:16 11:16 11:16 11:17 11:17 11:17 11:17 11:19 11:19 11:21 11:21 11:21 11:22 11:22 12:1 12:1 12:2 12:2 12:2 12:2 12:2 12:2 12:3 12:3 12:3 12:3 12:3-5 12:4 12:4 12:5 12:5 12:5 12:5 12:5 12:5 12:5 12:5 12:7 12:7 12:7 12:7 12:8 12:8 12:9 12:10 12:12 12:13 12:14 12:15 12:16 12:17 12:18 12:18 12:19 12:19 12:19 12:20 12:20 12:21 12:21 12:22 12:23 12:23 12:24 13:2 13:2 13:2-6 13:3 13:3 13:3 13:3 13:3 13:3 13:3 13:4 13:4 13:4 13:4 13:5 13:5 13:5 13:5 13:6 13:6 13:6 13:6 13:9 13:9 13:9 13:9 13:10 13:11 13:11 13:11 13:12 13:12 13:12 13:12 13:13 13:13 13:15 13:16 13:16 13:17 13:17 13:17 13:17 13:17 13:18 13:18 13:18 13:18 13:18 13:19 13:19 13:20 13:20 13:20 13:21 13:21 13:21 13:21 13:22 13:25 13:25 13:25 13:25 13:26 13:26 13:26 13:27 13:27 13:27 13:27 13:27 13:27 13:27 13:29-31 13:29-33 13:30 13:30 13:30 13:30 14 14:1 14:6 14:14 14:14 14:15 14:15 14:15 14:15 15:1 15:2 15:3 15:3 15:3 15:3 15:3 15:3 15:3 15:4 15:6 15:6 15:7 15:7 15:7 15:7 15:7 15:7 15:8 15:8 15:8 15:8 15:9 15:9 15:9 15:9 15:10 15:10 15:10 15:10 15:10 15:10 15:10 15:11 15:11 15:12 15:13 15:13 15:13 15:13 15:13-19 15:14 15:14 15:14 15:15 15:15 15:15 15:15 15:15-19 15:16 15:17 15:20-63 15:21 15:21 15:21 15:22 15:22 15:22 15:23 15:23 15:23 15:24 15:24 15:24 15:25 15:25 15:25 15:25 15:26 15:26 15:26 15:26 15:27 15:27 15:27 15:28 15:28 15:28 15:29 15:29 15:30 15:30 15:30 15:30 15:30 15:31 15:31 15:31 15:31 15:32 15:32 15:32 15:32 15:32 15:33 15:33 15:33 15:33 15:33 15:34 15:34 15:34 15:34 15:35 15:35 15:36 15:36 15:36 15:36 15:37 15:37 15:38 15:38 15:38 15:39 15:39 15:40 15:40 15:40 15:41 15:41 15:41 15:41 15:42 15:42 15:42 15:43 15:43 15:43 15:44 15:44 15:44 15:45 15:45-47 15:46 15:47 15:47 15:47 15:48 15:48 15:48 15:49 15:49 15:49 15:50 15:50 15:50 15:51 15:52 15:52 15:52 15:53 15:53 15:53 15:53 15:54 15:54 15:54 15:54 15:55 15:55 15:55 15:55 15:56 15:56 15:57 15:57 15:57 15:58 15:58 15:58 15:59 15:59 15:60 15:61 15:61 15:61 15:62 15:62 15:62 15:62 15:63 15:66 16:1 16:1-10 16:2 16:2 16:3 16:3 16:3 16:3 16:5 16:5 16:5 16:5 16:6 16:6 16:7 16:7 16:7 16:8 16:8 16:29 16:35 16:37 16:51 16:68 17:1 17:1 17:1 17:2 17:2 17:2 17:2 17:3 17:3 17:3 17:3 17:3 17:7 17:7 17:7 17:7 17:8 17:8 17:9 17:10 17:11 17:11 17:11 17:11 17:11 17:11 17:11 17:11 18:1 18:10 18:10 18:12 18:13 18:13 18:14 18:14 18:15 18:15 18:16 18:16 18:16 18:16 18:16 18:17 18:17 18:17 18:17 18:17 18:18 18:19 18:20 18:21 18:21 18:21 18:22 18:22 18:23 18:23 18:24 18:24 18:24 18:25 18:25 18:26 18:26 18:27 18:27 18:27 18:28 18:28 18:28 18:28 18:28 18:28 19 19:1 19:1-8 19:2 19:2 19:2 19:3 19:3 19:3 19:3 19:3 19:4 19:4 19:4 19:4 19:5 19:5 19:5 19:6 19:6 19:6 19:7 19:7 19:7 19:7 19:7 19:7 19:8 19:8 19:8 19:10 19:11 19:11 19:12 19:12 19:12 19:12 19:12 19:12 19:12 19:13 19:13 19:13 19:13 19:13 19:14 19:14 19:15 19:15 19:15 19:15 19:15 19:15 19:17-23 19:18 19:18 19:19 19:19 19:19 19:20 19:20 19:21 19:21 19:21 19:21 19:22 19:22 19:24-31 19:25 19:25 19:25 19:25 19:26 19:26 19:26 19:26 19:27 19:27 19:27 19:27 19:27 19:27 19:28 19:28 19:28 19:28 19:28 19:29 19:29 19:29 19:29 19:30 19:30 19:32-39 19:33 19:33 19:33 19:33 19:33 19:34 19:34 19:35 19:35 19:35 19:35 19:35 19:36 19:36 19:36 19:37 19:37 19:37 19:38 19:38 19:38 19:38 19:38 19:41 19:41 19:41 19:41 19:41 19:42 19:42 19:42 19:42 19:43 19:43 19:43 19:43 19:44 19:44 19:44 19:45 19:45 19:45 19:46 19:46 19:46 19:47 19:47 19:47 19:48 19:50 19:51 20:2 20:4 20:7 20:7 20:7 20:7 20:7 20:7 20:7 20:8 20:8 20:8 20:8 20:9 21:3 21:7 21:11 21:11 21:11 21:13 21:13 21:13 21:13-19 21:14 21:14 21:15 21:15 21:16 21:17 21:17 21:18 21:18 21:20 21:21 21:21 21:21 21:22 21:22 21:22 21:23 21:23 21:24 21:24 21:24 21:25 21:25 21:25 21:25 21:26 21:27 21:27 21:27 21:28 21:28 21:29 21:29 21:30 21:30 21:31 21:32 21:32 21:32 21:34 21:34 21:35 21:35 21:36 21:36 21:36 21:37 21:37 21:38 21:38 21:38 21:39 21:39 21:41 22:10 22:13-32 22:17 22:20 22:26 22:34 22:34 23:24 24:1 24:1 24:2 24:2 24:6 24:7 24:9 24:9 24:12 24:14 24:19 24:21 24:23-25 24:25 24:26 24:27 24:29-33 24:30 24:32 24:32 113:3
Judges
1:1 1:2 1:3 1:3 1:3-7 1:6 1:6 1:6 1:8 1:9 1:10 1:10 1:10 1:10 1:10-15 1:11 1:11 1:11-15 1:12 1:12 1:13 1:16 1:16 1:16 1:16 1:17 1:17 1:17 1:18 1:18 1:18 1:19 1:20 1:21 1:21 1:22 1:23 1:27 1:27 1:28 1:29 1:30 1:30 1:31 1:31 1:31 1:31 1:31 1:31 1:31 1:32 1:32 1:33 1:33 1:34 1:35 1:35 1:35 1:36 2:1 2:1 2:3 2:6 2:9 2:9 2:12 2:14 3:1 3:1-3 3:3 3:3 3:3 3:3 3:3 3:3 3:3 3:3 3:3 3:7 3:8 3:8 3:8-9 3:9 3:9 3:9 3:10 3:10 3:12 3:12-30 3:15 3:15 3:16 3:16 3:20-25 3:23 3:26 3:27 3:28 3:31 3:31 3:31 3:31 3:31 4 4 4 4:2 4:2 4:2 4:4 4:4 4:5 4:5 4:5 4:5 4:6 4:6 4:6 4:6 4:6-15 4:9 4:9 4:11 4:11 4:11 4:11 4:11 4:12 4:13 4:14 4:16 4:17 4:18 4:18 4:21 4:21 4:21 4:22 5 5 5 5 5:1 5:1 5:1 5:5-17 5:6 5:7 5:8 5:12 5:14 5:18 5:19 5:23 5:25 5:25 5:27 5:28 5:30 6 6:3 6:3 6:5 6:11 6:11 6:11 6:11 6:12 6:15 6:15 6:19 6:19 6:24 6:24 6:25 6:25-30 6:32 6:33 6:34 7:1 7:1 7:1 7:1 7:3 7:5 7:10 7:10 7:11 7:12 7:12 7:12 7:13 7:13 7:13 7:16 7:16 7:16 7:19 7:19 7:19 7:20 7:22 7:22 7:22 7:24 7:24 7:25 7:25 7:25 7:25 8:3 8:5 8:5-21 8:10 8:10 8:11 8:16 8:18 8:18 8:19 8:20 8:20 8:21 8:21 8:21 8:24 8:24 8:24-26 8:26 8:26 8:26 8:26 8:27 8:29-31 8:31 8:32 8:33 9:1 9:1 9:1 9:4 9:4 9:5 9:5 9:5 9:6 9:6 9:6 9:8-15 9:20 9:21 9:26 9:28 9:28 9:28 9:30 9:30 9:31 9:31 9:34-45 9:35 9:35 9:36 9:37 9:37 9:40 9:41 9:41 9:41 9:44 9:45 9:45 9:45 9:46 9:48 9:48 9:50 9:52 9:53 10:1 10:1 10:1 10:2 10:2 10:3 10:3-5 10:4 10:5 10:6 10:12 10:12 10:17 10:21 11:1 11:1 11:1 11:2 11:2 11:3 11:6 11:7 11:7-19 11:11 11:12 11:12 11:13 11:18 11:18 11:20 11:21 11:21 11:22 11:22 11:22 11:24 11:25 11:26 11:26 11:31 11:33 11:33 11:33 11:33 11:34 11:34 11:34 11:34 11:40 12:4 12:4 12:5 12:5 12:6 12:6 12:6 12:8 12:8 12:10 12:11 12:11 12:11 12:12 12:12 12:12 12:12 12:13 12:13 12:13 12:13 12:15 12:15 12:15 12:15 12:15 12:15 13 13 13:1 13:2 13:2 13:5 13:5 13:15 13:25 13:25 13:25 14:1 14:1 14:2 14:2 14:5 14:5 14:6 14:8 14:8 14:11 14:12 14:12 14:12 14:12 14:14-19 14:18 14:19 14:19 15:1 15:4 15:4 15:5 15:6 15:8 15:9 15:9 15:11 15:14 15:14 15:14 15:17 15:17 15:19 15:19 15:19 15:20 16:2 16:4 16:4-18 16:5 16:5 16:13 16:14 16:17 16:19 16:19 16:21 16:21-30 16:23 16:23 16:26 16:31 16:31 17:2 17:3 17:3-5 17:4 17:5 17:7 17:10 17:11 17:12 17:12 18 18:1 18:1 18:2 18:5 18:6 18:7 18:7 18:7 18:7 18:7 18:8 18:10 18:11 18:11 18:12 18:12 18:14 18:17 18:18 18:20 18:27 18:28 18:28 18:29 18:30 18:31 19 19:1 19:6 19:10 19:10 19:11 19:13 19:15 19:17 19:17 19:20 19:20 19:20 19:21 19:21 20:1 20:12 20:15 20:16 20:16 20:18 20:18 20:26 20:26 20:26 20:26-28 20:28 20:28 20:31 20:31 20:33 20:33 20:33 20:36 20:45 20:45 20:47 21:2 21:4 21:8-14 21:13 21:19 21:19 21:19-23
Ruth
1:1 1:1 1:1 1:2 1:2 1:2 1:2 1:2 1:2 1:2-5 1:3 1:5 1:6 1:19 1:20 1:22 2:1 2:2 2:4 2:4 2:14 2:14 2:14 2:14 2:17 2:17 2:17 2:23 3:1 3:2 3:2 3:3 3:3 3:3 3:15 3:15 4:1 4:3 4:7 4:9 4:9 4:10 4:10 4:16 4:17 4:17 4:17 4:18 4:18-22 4:19 4:19 4:20 4:20 4:21 4:21 4:22
1 Samuel
1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:2 1:3 1:4 1:4 1:4 1:6 1:8 1:9 1:11 1:17 1:19 1:19 1:21 1:23 1:24 1:26 2 2 2:1 2:1-10 2:3 2:6 2:10 2:10 2:11 2:11 2:12-17 2:13 2:14 2:14 2:14 2:14 2:20 2:22 2:22-25 2:27-36 2:27-36 2:34 2:35 3:1-18 3:2 3:11-14 3:18 4:1 4:3 4:4 4:10 4:11 4:11 4:17 4:18 4:18 4:18 4:18 4:19 4:21 4:22 5:2 5:3 5:3-5 5:4 5:4 5:5 5:5 5:6 5:6 5:9 5:10 5:12 5:16 5:18 5:22 6:4 6:4 6:5 6:5 6:5 6:7 6:7 6:7-12 6:8 6:8 6:11 6:11 6:14 6:15 6:17 6:17 6:17 6:18 6:18 7:1 7:1 7:1 7:1 7:2 7:2 7:2 7:3 7:3-6 7:4 7:5 7:5-12 7:6 7:6 7:11 7:12 7:12 7:12 7:15 7:16 7:16 7:16 7:17 7:17 8:1-4 8:2 8:2 8:2 8:4 8:4 8:7 8:10 8:10-18 8:12 8:13 8:13 8:14 8:15 8:17 8:19 8:20 8:20 9:1 9:1 9:1 9:1 9:1 9:2 9:4 9:4 9:4 9:5 9:7 9:8 9:11 9:12 9:13 9:13 9:16 9:21 9:22 9:24 9:24 9:25 9:25 9:26 10:1 10:1 10:1 10:2 10:3 10:3 10:5 10:5 10:5-13 10:9 10:10 10:12 10:17-24 10:21 10:25 10:26 10:27 10:27 11:1 11:1 11:1 11:1-15 11:1-15 11:2 11:2 11:2 11:2-11 11:4 11:5 11:7 11:8 11:8 11:9 11:11 12:1 12:3 12:5 12:9 12:11 12:11 12:11 12:12 12:12 12:12 12:17 13:1 13:2 13:3 13:3 13:3 13:5 13:5 13:5-14 13:15 13:16 13:17 13:17 13:18 13:18 13:19 13:19 13:21 13:21 13:23 14:1 14:1 14:3 14:3 14:3 14:3 14:4 14:4 14:4 14:5 14:6-16 14:14 14:14 14:14 14:18 14:18 14:19 14:23 14:24 14:24 14:24-45 14:25 14:25 14:27 14:28 14:31 14:47 14:47 14:48 14:48 14:49 14:49 14:49 14:49 14:50 14:50 14:50 14:50 14:50 14:51 14:51 14:52 14:52 15 15:1-9 15:5 15:7 15:8 15:8 15:9 15:12 15:20 15:22 15:23 15:23 15:23 15:27 15:32 15:34 16:1 16:4 16:4 16:5 16:6 16:6-10 16:8 16:9 16:10 16:11 16:11 16:11-13 16:12 16:12 16:13 16:13 16:14-19 16:16 16:18 16:18 16:20 16:21 16:23 17 17 17 17:1 17:1 17:1 17:1 17:1 17:1 17:2 17:4 17:4 17:5 17:5 17:5 17:5 17:6 17:6 17:6 17:6 17:7 17:7 17:7 17:7 17:12 17:12 17:12 17:12 17:12 17:12 17:13 17:13 17:13 17:17 17:18 17:18 17:19 17:20 17:23 17:25 17:25 17:28 17:34 17:34 17:34 17:34 17:34 17:35 17:35 17:38 17:38 17:40 17:40 17:40 17:40 17:40-51 17:41 17:42 17:42 17:45 17:51 17:52 17:57 17:58 18:2 18:6 18:6 18:6 18:7 18:10 18:13 18:17 18:19 18:19 18:25 18:30 19:9 19:11-17 19:13 19:13 19:13 19:13 19:16 19:16 19:18 19:18 19:19 19:19 19:20 19:20-24 19:22 19:22 19:23 19:24 20:1 20:5 20:5 20:5-24 20:17 20:18 20:18 20:19 20:19 20:20 20:24 20:36 21:7 21:7 21:7 21:10 21:10-15 21:11 21:11 21:13 22:1 22:1 22:1 22:1 22:2 22:3 22:3 22:4 22:5 22:6 22:6 22:6 22:9 22:9 22:11 22:11 22:11-19 22:12 22:17 22:17 22:17-19 22:18 22:18 22:19 22:19 22:22 23:2 23:4 23:4 23:6 23:7-13 23:9 23:9 23:11 23:12 23:13 23:13 23:13 23:13 23:14 23:14 23:14 23:15 23:15 23:16-18 23:18 23:19 23:19 23:22 23:24 23:24 23:25 23:25-29 23:28 24:1-4 24:1-22 24:2 24:3 24:8 24:8 24:13 24:14 24:14 25 25:1 25:1 25:2 25:2 25:3 25:4 25:4-1 25:5 25:7 25:7 25:13 25:13 25:14 25:14 25:15 25:17 25:18 25:18 25:18 25:37 25:37 25:38 25:40 25:41 25:42 25:43 25:43 25:44 25:44 25:44 26 26:1 26:2 26:4 26:5-7 26:5-14 26:6 26:6 26:6-9 26:11 26:12 26:16 26:20 26:20 26:20 26:22 27:2 27:2 27:3 27:3 27:3 27:6 27:6 27:6 27:6 27:7 27:8 27:8 27:8 27:8 27:8 27:9 27:10 27:10 28:3 28:4 28:6 28:6 28:7 28:14 28:24 28:24 28:24 28:36 29:1 29:1 29:1 29:4 29:6 30:1-17 30:5 30:5 30:5 30:7 30:9 30:9 30:9 30:10 30:10 30:10 30:14 30:14 30:18 30:19 30:20 30:21 30:24 30:26 30:26 30:27 30:27 30:27 30:28 30:28 30:28 30:29 30:30 30:30 30:30 30:31 31 31:1 31:1 31:1-7 31:2 31:2 31:2 31:2 31:4 31:8 31:8 31:9 31:9 31:10 31:10 31:11 31:13 31:13 31:13 36 37:10 44
2 Samuel
1:1 1:1-27 1:6 1:10 1:10 1:12 1:18 1:21 1:23 1:23 1:24 1:25 1:232 2:1 2:1 2:1 2:1 2:1-3 2:2 2:4 2:8 2:9 2:12 2:12 2:14 2:16 2:18 2:18 2:18 2:23 2:24 2:24 2:28 2:29 3:2 3:3 3:3 3:3 3:3 3:3 3:4 3:4 3:4 3:4 3:5 3:5 3:6 3:7 3:7 3:8 3:10 3:12 3:12 3:13-16 3:15 3:15 3:16 3:20 3:26 3:29 3:30 3:31 3:33 3:34 3:34 3:35 4:2 4:2 4:2 4:3 4:4 4:4 4:5 4:5 4:5 4:5 4:6 4:9 4:9 4:10 4:12 5:2 5:3 5:5 5:5 5:6 5:9 5:9 5:11 5:11 5:11 5:14 5:14 5:14 5:15 5:15 5:15 5:15 5:15 5:16 5:16 5:17-25 5:17-25 5:18 5:19 5:20 5:21 5:23 5:23 5:23 5:23 5:23 5:23 5:24 5:24 5:25 6 6:1 6:2 6:3 6:3 6:3 6:4 6:4 6:5 6:5 6:5 6:5 6:6 6:6 6:6 6:8 6:10 6:11 6:11 6:11 6:12 6:13 6:17 6:19 6:20-23 6:21 6:23 7:2 7:3 7:5 7:14 7:16 7:17 8:1 8:1 8:2 8:2 8:3 8:3 8:3 8:3 8:3 8:3-12 8:4 8:4 8:4 8:4 8:4 8:5 8:6 8:6 8:6 8:8 8:8 8:8 8:8 8:9 8:9 8:10 8:10 8:10 8:12 8:13 8:13 8:13 8:14 8:14 8:14 8:14 8:14 8:16 8:16 8:16 8:17 8:17 8:17 8:17 8:17 8:17 8:18 8:18 8:18 8:18 9:2-18 9:4 9:4 9:4 9:5 9:5 9:8 9:10 9:12 10 10:1 10:1 10:1-19 10:2 10:2 10:3 10:4 10:4 10:6 10:6 10:6 10:6 10:6 10:6 10:8 10:8 10:8 10:8 10:15 10:15-18 10:16 10:16 10:17 10:17 10:18 10:19 11:1 11:1 11:2 11:2 11:2 11:3 11:3 11:3 11:3 11:4 11:11 11:11 11:11 11:17 11:21 11:21 11:24 11:25 12:1-5 12:1-12 12:3 12:10 12:11 12:16 12:17 12:20 12:22 12:25 12:26 12:26-31 12:26-31 12:27 12:29 12:30 12:30 12:30 12:31 12:31 12:31 12:31 12:31 12:31 12:31 12:31 12:31 13:1 13:1-29 13:1-32 13:3 13:3 13:3 13:5 13:5 13:6 13:8 13:19 13:23 13:23 13:24-30 13:32 13:33 13:37 13:37 13:37 13:39 14:1-20 14:2 14:2 14:2 14:2 14:4 14:4-11 14:7 14:7 14:11 14:13 14:19 14:26 14:26 14:27 14:27 14:27 14:30 15:1 15:1-6 15:2-6 15:8 15:8 15:12 15:12 15:16 15:18 15:18 15:18 15:18 15:18 15:19 15:19 15:23 15:24 15:24-37 15:29 15:30 15:30 15:30 15:30 15:30 15:30 15:32 15:32 15:32 15:35 15:35 15:36 15:36 15:36 15:37 15:37 16:1-4 16:1-4 16:5 16:5-13 16:6 16:9 16:16 16:16 16:21 16:22 16:23 17:1 17:1-23 17:5 17:8 17:14 17:15-17 17:15-21 17:15-22 17:17 17:19 17:22 17:23 17:24 17:25 17:25 17:25 17:25 17:25 17:25 17:27 17:27 17:27 17:27 17:27 17:27 17:27-29 17:28 17:29 17:29 17:29 17:29 18:2 18:2 18:5 18:6 18:6 18:11 18:11 18:11-15 18:12 18:12 18:14 18:16 18:17 18:17 18:18 18:18 18:19-33 18:21-25 18:24 18:31 18:32 18:33 18:33 19:4 19:10 19:11 19:11 19:11 19:13 19:13 19:17 19:18 19:22 19:24 19:24 19:24 19:24 19:28 19:29 19:31 19:32-39 19:35 19:35 19:35 19:37 19:38 19:40 19:40 20:1 20:1 20:1 20:1-22 20:1-22 20:2 20:3-22 20:7 20:7 20:8 20:8 20:8 20:9 20:10 20:10 20:14 20:14 20:14 20:15 20:15 20:15 20:18 20:19 20:22 20:23 20:23 20:24 20:24 20:24 20:24 20:24 20:25 20:25 20:26 20:26 20:26 21:1 21:1 21:2 21:2 21:4 21:5 21:6 21:6 21:8 21:8 21:8 21:8 21:8 21:8 21:8 21:8-11 21:9 21:9 21:9 21:10 21:10 21:11 21:12 21:12 21:14 21:14 21:15 21:16 21:16 21:16 21:17 21:17 21:17 21:18 21:18 21:18 21:18 21:18 21:19 21:19 21:19 21:19 21:19 21:21 21:21 21:21 21:22 22:1 22:9 22:13 22:14 22:35 23:1 23:1-7 23:8 23:8 23:8 23:8 23:9 23:9 23:9 23:11 23:11 23:11-17 23:13 23:13 23:14 23:18 23:18 23:20 23:20 23:20 23:20 23:20 23:20 23:21 23:21 23:22 23:23 23:24 23:24 23:24-25 23:25 23:25 23:25 23:26 23:26 23:26 23:26 23:26 23:26 23:27 23:27 23:27 23:28 23:28 23:28 23:29 23:29 23:29 23:29 23:29 23:30 23:30 23:30 23:31 23:31 23:31 23:32 23:32 23:32 23:32 23:32 23:33 23:33 23:33 23:33 23:33 23:34 23:34 23:34 23:34 23:34 23:34 23:34 23:34 23:34 23:34 23:35 23:35 23:35 23:35 23:36 23:36 23:36 23:36 23:37 23:37 23:37 23:38 23:38 23:38 23:39 23:39 24 24:1-9 24:2 24:5 24:6 24:6 24:7 24:11-19 24:13 24:16 24:18 24:18-24 24:22 24:23 24:26
1 Kings
1 1:1-4 1:1-53 1:3 1:3 1:3 1:5 1:6 1:7 1:8 1:8 1:8 1:9 1:9 1:10 1:11 1:13 1:15 1:15 1:16 1:23 1:30 1:32 1:32-45 1:33 1:33 1:34 1:34 1:34 1:38 1:38 1:38 1:38 1:39 1:40 1:40 1:42 1:43 1:44 1:44 1:45 1:46 1:52 2:1-9 2:5 2:6 2:8 2:10 2:17 2:19 2:19 2:21 2:21-24 2:21-25 2:22 2:22 2:25 2:25 2:25 2:26 2:26 2:27 2:27 2:27 2:27 2:27 2:28 2:29 2:31 2:34 2:34 2:34 2:35 2:35 2:35 2:35 2:39 2:40 2:41-46 3:1 3:1 3:4 3:16-28 3:16-28 3:36 3:37 4:2 4:3 4:3 4:3 4:3 4:3 4:3 4:3 4:3 4:3 4:4 4:5 4:5 4:6 4:6 4:6 4:6 4:7 4:8 4:9 4:9 4:9 4:9 4:10 4:10 4:10 4:10 4:11 4:11 4:11 4:11 4:12 4:12 4:12 4:12 4:12 4:12 4:12 4:13 4:13 4:13 4:13 4:13 4:14 4:14 4:14 4:15 4:15 4:16 4:16 4:16 4:17 4:17 4:18 4:18 4:19 4:19 4:21 4:21 4:21-24 4:22 4:23 4:23 4:23 4:23 4:24 4:24 4:24 4:25 4:25 4:26 4:26 4:28 4:28 4:30 4:30-33 4:31 4:31 4:31 4:31 4:31 4:31 4:32 4:32 4:33 4:33 4:33 5:1 5:2-6 5:2-12 5:6 5:6 5:6 5:8 5:8 5:9 5:10 5:10 5:11 5:11 5:12 5:13 5:14 5:15 5:17 5:17 5:18 5:18 5:18 6:1 6:1 6:1 6:1 6:1 6:1 6:4 6:7 6:7 6:9 6:15 6:18 6:18 6:22 6:22 6:23 6:23 6:27 6:31 6:31 6:32 6:32 6:32 6:33 6:33 6:34 6:34 6:34 6:35 6:35 6:36 6:37 6:37 6:38 6:38 6:38 7:1 7:2 7:3 7:8 7:8 7:9 7:10 7:13 7:13 7:15 7:15-22 7:18 7:20 7:21 7:23-26 7:24 7:26 7:26 7:26 7:27 7:33 7:38 7:39 7:40 7:41 7:46 7:46 7:47 7:48 7:49 7:49 7:50 7:50 8:2 8:2 8:8 8:10 8:11 8:12 8:21 8:23-58 8:24 8:31 8:37 8:46-49 8:54 8:63 8:64 8:65 8:65 9:10-13 9:11 9:11-14 9:13 9:15 9:15 9:15-17 9:16 9:16 9:18 9:19 9:20 9:20 9:20-22 9:21 9:22 9:22 9:24 9:26 9:26 9:26 9:26 9:26 9:26 9:26 9:27 9:27 9:28 9:28 9:28 9:28 10:1 10:1 10:1 10:5 10:5 10:5 10:11 10:11 10:11 10:12 10:12 10:14 10:15 10:15 10:16 10:17 10:17 10:18 10:19 10:19 10:21 10:21 10:22 10:22 10:22 10:22 10:22 10:22 10:22 10:22 10:25 10:25 10:25 10:26-29 10:27 10:27 10:27 10:27 10:28 10:28 10:28 10:28 10:29 10:29 10:29 10:29 11:1 11:1 11:1-8 11:4 11:5 11:5 11:5 11:7 11:7 11:7 11:7 11:7 11:14 11:14 11:14 11:16 11:18-20 11:18-20 11:20 11:23 11:23 11:23 11:23 11:23 11:23-25 11:23-25 11:24 11:24 11:25 11:25 11:26 11:26 11:26 11:26 11:27 11:28 11:29 11:29 11:29-40 11:30-39 11:31 11:33 11:33 11:33 11:35 11:36 11:40 11:41 11:43 12:1 12:1 12:2 12:4 12:8 12:9 12:9-11 12:14 12:15 12:15 12:16 12:16 12:18 12:18 12:21 12:22 12:25 12:26-33 13:1-6 13:20 13:24 13:32 14:1 14:2 14:2 14:3 14:6-16 14:11 14:17 14:17 14:18 14:20 14:21 14:21 14:21 14:21 14:22-24 14:23 14:23 14:24 14:25 14:26 14:27 14:27 14:27 14:28 14:29 14:30 14:31 14:31 14:31 15:2 15:2 15:4 15:7 15:10 15:13 15:13 15:18 15:18 15:18 15:18 15:18 15:19 15:20 15:20 15:20 15:20 15:20 15:22 15:22 15:22 15:24 15:25-31 15:27 15:27 15:29 15:33 15:33 16:1 16:1 16:2 16:5 16:6 16:6 16:7 16:7 16:8 16:8-10 16:9 16:9-20 16:11 16:14 16:15 16:16 16:17 16:18 16:20 16:21 16:21 16:21 16:21 16:22 16:22 16:23 16:23 16:23 16:23 16:24 16:24 16:24 16:28 16:31 16:31 16:31 16:31 16:31 16:31-33 16:32 16:32 16:32 16:33 16:33 16:34 16:34 16:34 16:34 17 17:1 17:1 17:3 17:4 17:5 17:6 17:9 17:10 17:12 18 18:3 18:3-16 18:4 18:13 18:19 18:19 18:19 18:19 18:19 18:20-42 18:22 18:26-28 18:28 18:28 18:28 18:28 18:34 18:40 18:42 18:46 18:46 18:46 19:1 19:2 19:2 19:3 19:4 19:4 19:5 19:6 19:9 19:9-18 19:13 19:16 19:16 19:16 19:16-19 19:17 19:18 19:18 19:18 19:19 19:19 19:19 19:21 20:1 20:1 20:1-21 20:2 20:6 20:14 20:14 20:15 20:19 20:22-34 20:24 20:26 20:26-30 20:36 21 21:1 21:1 21:1 21:1 21:2 21:2 21:7 21:8 21:10 21:10-14 21:14 21:15 21:17 21:19 21:19 21:19-25 21:23 21:23 21:25 21:27 21:27 21:28 21:29 22 22:1 22:1-35 22:3 22:10 22:11 22:11 22:18 22:19 22:19 22:24 22:26 22:26 22:27 22:34 22:34 22:38 22:39 22:39 22:42 22:42 22:48 22:48 22:48 22:48 22:48 22:48 22:49-53 22:51 22:51
2 Kings
1:1 1:1 1:2 1:2 1:2 1:2 1:2-6 1:3 1:3 1:8 1:8 1:8 1:8 1:8 1:16 1:17 2:1 2:1-22 2:2 2:2 2:2 2:3 2:3 2:5 2:8 2:11 2:12 2:13 2:14 2:18 2:21 2:23 2:23 2:25 3:1 3:1 3:1 3:4 3:4 3:4 3:4 3:4 3:4-27 3:9 3:11 3:13 3:14 3:15 3:25 3:25 4:1 4:2 4:5 4:8 4:8 4:8-37 4:10 4:10 4:10 4:11 4:12 4:14 4:19 4:23 4:25 4:25 4:29 4:38 4:38 4:38 4:38-41 4:39 4:42 4:42 4:42 4:42 4:42-44 4:43 5:1 5:1 5:1 5:1-14 5:1-27 5:5 5:10 5:10 5:12 5:12 5:14 5:17 5:18 5:18 5:18 5:20-27 5:23 5:27 5:27 5:27 6:1 6:1-7 6:8-23 6:13 6:18 6:20 6:24-7 6:24-33 6:25 6:25 6:25 6:30 6:31 7:1 7:1 7:1 7:1-2 7:3-20 7:16 8:1 8:1-3 8:2 8:4 8:4 8:5 8:7 8:7-15 8:7-15 8:12 8:13 8:15 8:16 8:16 8:17 8:21 8:21 8:22 8:23 8:24 8:25 8:26 8:28 8:28 8:29 8:29 8:29 9:1 9:2 9:2 9:2 9:7 9:12 9:14 9:14 9:14 9:14 9:15 9:16 9:17 9:17 9:20 9:21 9:21-23 9:21-24 9:22 9:24 9:24 9:25 9:25 9:25 9:26 9:26 9:26 9:26 9:27 9:27 9:29 9:30 9:30 9:30 9:30 9:30-37 9:33 9:36 9:36 9:37 9:37 10:7 10:11 10:12 10:13 10:14 10:15 10:15-17 10:19 10:22 10:29 10:29-33 10:30 10:32 10:33 10:33 10:33 10:34 10:35 10:37 11:1 11:2 11:2 11:2 11:4 11:4 11:4 11:6 11:6 11:6 11:11 11:12 11:13 11:13 11:17 11:18 11:19 11:19 11:19 11:21 12:1 12:1 12:1 12:2 12:4 12:6 12:7 12:9 12:10 12:10 12:17 12:17 12:18 12:18 12:20 12:20 12:20 12:21 12:21 12:21 12:21 12:21 13 13:1-9 13:5 13:7 13:10 13:10 13:14 13:14-19 13:17 13:21 13:22 13:23 13:24 13:25 13:25 13:25 14:1 14:2 14:6 14:7 14:7 14:7 14:7 14:8 14:8 14:8 14:9 14:9 14:9 14:11 14:13 14:13 14:13 14:14 14:15 14:16 14:17 14:20 14:21 14:24 14:25 14:25 14:25 14:25 14:25 14:25 14:28 14:28 15:1 15:1 15:2 15:6 15:8 15:10 15:10-14 15:13 15:13 15:14 15:14 15:14 15:14-22 15:16 15:16 15:17 15:17 15:19 15:19 15:20 15:20 15:23 15:25 15:25-37 15:27 15:29 15:29 15:29 15:29 15:29 15:29 15:29 15:29 15:30 15:33 15:33 15:35 15:37 15:37 16 16:1 16:3 16:4 16:5 16:5 16:5-9 16:6 16:6 16:7 16:7 16:8 16:9 16:9 16:9 16:9 16:10 16:10 16:10 16:10-16 16:14 16:17 16:20 16:29 17:1 17:3 17:3 17:3 17:4 17:4 17:4-6 17:5 17:6 17:6 17:6 17:6 17:16 17:17 17:24 17:24 17:24 17:24 17:25 17:26 17:27 17:28 17:30 17:30 17:30 17:30 17:31 17:31 17:31 17:31 17:31 17:31 17:41 18:2 18:2 18:4 18:4 18:5 18:7 18:8 18:9 18:9-11 18:10 18:11 18:11 18:12 18:13 18:13 18:13-16 18:14 18:16 18:17 18:17 18:17 18:17 18:18 18:18 18:18 18:24 18:24 18:26 18:26 18:34 18:34 18:34 18:34 18:34 18:37 18:37 18:37 18:37 19:1 19:2 19:2 19:6 19:7 19:8 19:9 19:12 19:12 19:12 19:13 19:13 19:13 19:13 19:13 19:20 19:28 19:32 19:35 19:36 19:37 19:37 19:37 19:37 19:37 19:37 19:37 20:1 20:1 20:1 20:4 20:9 20:10 20:11 20:12 20:12 20:17 20:20 20:20 21:1 21:1 21:9 21:18 21:19 21:19 21:26 21:26 22:1 22:1 22:1 22:1 22:1 22:1 22:3 22:3 22:3 22:4 22:4 22:12 22:12 22:12 22:12-14 22:14 22:14 22:14 22:14 22:14 22:14 22:14 22:14 22:14 22:14 22:20 23:1 23:5 23:5 23:5 23:6 23:7 23:8 23:8 23:8 23:8 23:10 23:10 23:11 23:11 23:11 23:12 23:12 23:12 23:12 23:12 23:13 23:13 23:13 23:13 23:13 23:13 23:14 23:14 23:20 23:24 23:29 23:29 23:30 23:30 23:31 23:31 23:31 23:31 23:33 23:34 23:36 23:36 23:36 23:37 23:38 24 24:1 24:1 24:5 24:5 24:7 24:7 24:7 24:8 24:8 24:9 24:10 24:11 24:12 24:17 24:17 24:18 24:18 24:30 25:1 25:1-4 25:3 25:4 25:5 25:6 25:7 25:7 25:13 25:15 25:18 25:18 25:18 25:18 25:18-20 25:19 25:20 25:21 25:21 25:21 25:23 25:23 25:23 25:23 25:23 25:23 25:23 25:25 25:25 25:27 36
1 Chronicles
1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:2 1:2 1:2 1:3 1:3 1:5 1:5 1:6 1:7 1:7 1:7 1:7 1:7 1:8 1:8 1:8 1:8 1:9 1:9 1:9 1:9 1:9 1:11 1:11 1:11 1:12 1:12 1:13 1:13 1:14 1:15 1:15 1:16 1:16 1:16 1:16 1:17 1:17 1:17 1:17 1:18 1:19 1:19 1:19 1:20 1:20 1:20 1:21 1:21 1:21 1:22 1:22 1:22 1:22 1:22 1:23 1:23 1:24 1:25 1:29 1:29 1:29 1:29 1:30 1:30 1:30 1:30 1:30 1:30 1:31 1:31 1:31 1:32 1:32 1:32 1:32 1:32 1:32 1:32 1:32 1:33 1:33 1:33 1:33 1:35 1:35 1:35 1:35 1:36 1:36 1:36 1:36 1:36 1:36 1:36 1:37 1:37 1:37 1:37 1:37 1:38 1:38 1:38 1:38 1:38 1:38 1:39 1:39 1:39 1:39 1:40 1:40 1:40 1:40 1:40 1:40 1:40 1:41 1:41 1:41 1:41 1:42 1:42 1:42 1:42 1:42 1:42 1:42 1:42 1:43 1:43 1:43 1:44 1:44 1:44 1:45 1:46 1:46 1:46 1:46 1:47 1:47 1:48 1:48 1:48 1:48 1:49 1:49 1:49 1:50 1:50 1:50 1:50 1:50 1:50 1:51 1:51 1:51-54 1:52 1:52 1:53 1:53 1:53 1:54 1:54 2 2:1 2:3 2:3 2:4 2:5 2:5-12 2:6 2:6 2:6 2:6 2:6 2:6 2:7 2:7 2:8 2:9 2:9 2:9 2:10 2:10 2:11 2:12 2:13 2:13 2:14 2:14 2:15 2:16 2:16 2:17 2:17 2:17 2:17 2:17 2:18 2:18 2:18 2:18 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27:27 27:27 27:27 27:28 27:28 27:28 27:28 27:28 27:28 27:28 27:29 27:29 27:29 27:29 27:29-31 27:30 27:30 27:30 27:31 27:31 27:32 27:32 27:33 27:33 27:33 27:34 27:34 28 28:1 28:8 28:9 28:11 28:18 29 29:1 29:1 29:4 29:7 29:7 29:10-14 29:11 29:22 29:27 29:29 29:29 37:16 38:10 45 113:31
2 Chronicles
1:4 1:5 1:15 1:15 1:16 2:3 2:4 2:7 2:8 2:8 2:10 2:10 2:10 2:10 2:11 2:12 2:13 2:14 2:15 2:16 2:16 2:16 2:16 2:17 2:17 2:18 3:1 3:1 3:5 3:6 3:9 3:9 3:15 3:17 4:5 4:5 4:6 4:7 4:11 4:12 4:13 4:16 4:17 4:17 4:20 4:22 5:14 5:16 6:11 6:13 6:22 6:26 6:28 7:7 7:18 7:20 8:1 8:1-6 8:2 8:3 8:3 8:4 8:4 8:7 8:8 8:13 8:14 8:17 8:17 8:18 8:18 8:18 9:1 9:9 9:10 9:10 9:10 9:10 9:11 9:11 9:11 9:14 9:14 9:14 9:15 9:16 9:17 9:18 9:21 9:21 9:21 9:21 9:21 9:26 9:28 9:29 9:29 10:1 10:11 10:14 10:15 10:18 10:18 11:2 11:6 11:6 11:6 11:6 11:6 11:7 11:7 11:7 11:7 11:8 11:8 11:8 11:9 11:9 11:10 11:10 11:10 11:10 11:10 11:12 11:13 11:14 11:15 11:16 11:18 11:18 11:18 11:18 11:19 11:19 11:19 11:20 11:20 11:20 11:20 11:20-22 11:21 11:43 12:2-9 12:3 12:3 12:5 12:10 12:11 12:13 12:13 12:13 12:15 12:15 12:16 13:2 13:2 13:2 13:4 13:4 13:4 13:5 13:11 13:11 13:19 13:19 13:19 13:19 13:19 13:20 13:22 14:8 14:9 14:9 14:9-12 14:10 14:13 14:14 14:15 15:1 15:1 15:3 15:8 15:8 15:8 15:9 15:16 16:1-6 16:3 16:4 16:4 16:6 16:6 16:7 16:7 16:7 16:8 16:10 16:10 16:14 16:16 17:1 17:2 17:2 17:7 17:7 17:7 17:7 17:7 17:8 17:8 17:8 17:8 17:8 17:8 17:8 17:8 17:8 17:8 17:8 17:13 17:14 17:15 17:16 17:17 17:17 17:18 17:19 18 18:1 18:7 18:8 18:9 18:10 18:23 18:25 18:25 19:2 19:2 19:2 19:3 19:8 19:8-11 19:11 19:11 19:11 19:11 20:1 20:1 20:2 20:2 20:2 20:3 20:14 20:14 20:14 20:14 20:14 20:16 20:16 20:19 20:20 20:21 20:22 20:22 20:26 20:31 20:31 20:34 20:34 20:35-37 20:36 20:36 20:37 20:37 20:37 21:2 21:2 21:2 21:2 21:2 21:2 21:3 21:3 21:4 21:4 21:4 21:10 21:12 21:12-15 21:12-15 21:16 21:17 21:17 21:19 21:20 22:1 22:1 22:2 22:2 22:5 22:6 22:6 22:7 22:7 22:8 22:11 23:1 23:1 23:1 23:1 23:1 23:1 23:1 23:1 23:1 23:1 23:1 23:5 23:8 23:8 23:10 23:11 23:11 23:15 23:17 23:20 23:20 24:1 24:6 24:8-11 24:20 24:20 24:21 24:21 24:24 24:26 24:26 24:26 24:26 24:26 24:26 25:1 25:4 25:4 25:5 25:11 25:11-13 25:12 25:12 25:12 25:14 25:15 25:20 25:23 25:23 25:23 25:27 26:3 26:5 26:5 26:6 26:6 26:6 26:6 26:7 26:7 26:9 26:9 26:9 26:10 26:11 26:11 26:11 26:12 26:14 26:14 26:15 26:15 26:17-20 26:19 26:23 27:1 27:1 27:1 27:1 27:2 27:3 27:3 27:4 27:5 28 28 28:3 28:6 28:6-8 28:7 28:7 28:7 28:7 28:7 28:8 28:9 28:12 28:12 28:12 28:12 28:12 28:12 28:12 28:12 28:13 28:15 28:15 28:18 28:18 28:18 28:18 28:18 28:18 28:20 28:20 28:27 29:1 29:1 29:4 29:12 29:12 29:12 29:12 29:12 29:12 29:12 29:12 29:12 29:12 29:12 29:13 29:13 29:13 29:13 29:13 29:14 29:14 29:14 29:14 29:15 29:18 29:25 29:25 29:30 29:30 29:31 30:1-26 30:2 31:1 31:3 31:5 31:10 31:12 31:12 31:13 31:13 31:13 31:13 31:13 31:13 31:13 31:13 31:13 31:13 31:13 31:13 31:13 31:14 31:14 31:15 31:15 31:15 31:15 31:15 31:15 31:17 32:5 32:5 32:5 32:6 32:9 32:21 32:21 32:31 32:31 33:5 33:6 33:11 33:11 33:12 33:13 33:14 33:14 33:14 34:1 34:4 34:5 34:6 34:8 34:8 34:8 34:8 34:8 34:8 34:9 34:9 34:12 34:12 34:12 34:12 34:14 34:20 34:20 34:20 34:20 34:20 34:20 34:22 34:22 34:22 34:23 34:25 34:25 35:1 35:8 35:8 35:9 35:9 35:9 35:9 35:9 35:9 35:12 35:13 35:13 35:15 35:20 35:20 35:20-24 35:22 35:22 35:22-24 35:25 35:25 36:4 36:4 36:5 36:6 36:22 36:22 36:23 36:23 38:15 38:16
Ezra
1:1-4 1:2 1:2-4 1:8 1:8 1:11 2 2 2:1 2:2 2:2 2:2 2:2 2:2 2:2 2:2 2:2 2:2 2:3 2:4 2:4 2:5 2:6 2:7 2:8 2:9 2:10 2:11 2:12 2:13 2:14 2:15 2:16 2:17 2:18 2:19 2:20 2:20 2:22 2:24 2:25 2:25 2:26 2:27 2:29 2:30 2:30 2:31 2:33 2:33 2:33 2:34 2:35 2:36 2:38 2:39 2:40 2:40 2:40 2:41 2:42 2:42 2:42 2:43 2:43 2:43 2:43 2:44 2:44 2:44 2:45 2:45 2:45 2:45 2:46 2:46 2:46 2:47 2:47 2:47 2:48 2:48 2:48 2:49 2:49 2:49 2:50 2:50 2:50 2:50 2:51 2:51 2:52 2:52 2:52 2:53 2:53 2:53 2:53 2:54 2:54 2:55 2:55 2:55 2:55 2:56 2:56 2:56 2:57 2:57 2:57 2:57 2:58 2:59 2:59 2:59 2:59 2:60 2:60 2:60 2:61 2:61 2:61 2:61 2:61 2:63 2:63 2:69 2:69 2:69 2:69 2:82 3 3:2 3:2 3:2 3:2 3:5 3:7 3:7 3:7 3:7 3:8 3:8 3:8 3:9 3:9 3:9 3:12 4:2 4:3 4:6 4:6 4:6 4:7 4:7 4:7 4:7 4:7 4:8 4:8 4:9 4:9 4:9 4:9 4:9 4:9 4:9 4:9 4:9 4:10 4:12 4:13 4:13 4:14 4:14 4:14 4:15 4:17 4:17 4:17-22 4:20 4:23 4:23 5:1 5:1 5:2 5:2 5:2 5:3 5:3 5:6 5:6 5:6 5:8 5:8 5:13 5:13 5:17 6:1 6:1-15 6:2 6:2-5 6:3 6:3 6:6 6:6 6:6 6:8 6:12 6:13 6:13 6:13 6:14 6:14 6:16 6:18 6:18 6:21 7:1 7:2 7:2 7:4 7:4 7:4 7:4 7:5 7:6 7:8 7:11-28 7:12-26 7:22 7:22 7:24 7:24 7:25 7:26 8:2 8:2 8:2 8:3 8:3 8:3 8:3 8:4 8:4 8:4 8:5 8:5 8:6 8:6 8:7 8:8 8:8 8:8 8:9 8:9 8:9 8:10 8:10 8:11 8:11 8:12 8:12 8:12 8:13 8:13 8:14 8:14 8:14 8:15 8:15 8:16 8:16 8:16 8:16 8:16 8:16 8:16 8:16 8:16 8:16 8:17 8:17 8:17 8:18 8:18 8:19 8:19 8:20 8:20 8:21 8:24 8:24 8:27 8:27 8:27 8:30 8:33 8:33 8:33 8:33 8:33 8:33 8:33 9:1 9:3 9:3 9:3 9:5 9:5 10:1 10:2 10:2 10:6 10:8 10:9 10:15 10:15 10:15 10:15 10:15 10:15 10:18 10:18 10:18 10:18 10:20 10:20 10:21 10:21 10:21 10:21 10:22 10:22 10:22 10:22 10:22 10:23 10:23 10:23 10:23 10:23 10:24 10:24 10:24 10:24 10:25 10:25 10:25 10:25 10:25 10:25 10:26 10:26 10:26 10:26 10:26 10:26 10:27 10:27 10:27 10:27 10:27 10:28 10:28 10:28 10:28 10:28 10:29 10:29 10:29 10:29 10:29 10:29 10:30 10:30 10:30 10:30 10:30 10:30 10:30 10:30 10:30 10:30 10:31 10:31 10:31 10:31 10:31 10:32 10:32 10:32 10:33 10:33 10:33 10:33 10:33 10:33 10:33 10:34 10:34 10:34 10:34 10:35 10:35 10:35 10:36 10:36 10:36 10:37 10:37 10:37 10:38 10:38 10:38 10:39 10:39 10:40 10:40 10:40 10:41 10:41 10:41 10:42 10:42 10:42 10:43 10:43 10:43 10:43 10:43 10:43 10:43 10:43
Nehemiah
1:1 1:1 1:1 1:2 1:11 1:11 2:1 2:1 2:1-9 2:7 2:8 2:9 2:10 2:10 2:10 2:13 2:13 2:13 2:13 2:14 2:14 2:15 2:19 2:19 2:19 3:1 3:1 3:1 3:1 3:1 3:1 3:2 3:2 3:3 3:3 3:4 3:4 3:4 3:4 3:4 3:4 3:4 3:4 3:6 3:6 3:6 3:6 3:6 3:7 3:7 3:7 3:7 3:7 3:8 3:8 3:8 3:8 3:9 3:9 3:10 3:10 3:10 3:10 3:11 3:12 3:12 3:13 3:13 3:13 3:13 3:13 3:14 3:14 3:14 3:15 3:15 3:15 3:15 3:15 3:15 3:16 3:16 3:16 3:17 3:17 3:17 3:18 3:18 3:18 3:19 3:19 3:20 3:20 3:20 3:21 3:21 3:21 3:23 3:23 3:23 3:23 3:24 3:24 3:25 3:25 3:25 3:26 3:26 3:26 3:27 3:27 3:27 3:28 3:28 3:29 3:29 3:29 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:31 3:31 3:32 3:32 3:32 4:2 4:3 4:7 4:17 4:23 5:1 5:13 5:14 5:15 5:18 6:2 6:6 6:10 6:10 6:10 6:14 6:14 6:15 6:15 6:17 6:18 6:18 6:18 6:18 6:18 6:18 7:2 7:2 7:3 7:3 7:5 7:6 7:7 7:7 7:7 7:7 7:7 7:7 7:7 7:7 7:7 7:7 7:8 7:9 7:10 7:11 7:11 7:12 7:13 7:14 7:15 7:16 7:17 7:18 7:19 7:20 7:21 7:22 7:23 7:24 7:24 7:26 7:26 7:28 7:29 7:30 7:31 7:33 7:34 7:35 7:36 7:37 7:37 7:38 7:39 7:41 7:42 7:43 7:43 7:45 7:45 7:45 7:45 7:45 7:46 7:46 7:46 7:47 7:47 7:47 7:48 7:48 7:48 7:49 7:49 7:49 7:50 7:50 7:50 7:51 7:51 7:51 7:52 7:52 7:52 7:53 7:53 7:54 7:54 7:54 7:55 7:55 7:55 7:56 7:56 7:57 7:57 7:57 7:57 7:58 7:58 7:58 7:59 7:59 7:59 7:59 7:60 7:61 7:61 7:61 7:61 7:62 7:62 7:62 7:62 7:63 7:63 7:63 7:64 7:65 7:65 7:70 7:70 7:71 7:71 7:71 7:72 7:72 8:1 8:1 8:2 8:3 8:4 8:4 8:4 8:4 8:4 8:4 8:4 8:4 8:4 8:4 8:4 8:6 8:7 8:7 8:7 8:7 8:7 8:7 8:7 8:7 8:7 8:7 8:7 8:7 8:7 8:9 8:9-12 8:9-13 8:10 8:10 8:13 8:13-18 8:15 8:15 8:15 8:15 8:15 8:16 8:16 8:16 8:16 8:16 8:17 8:18 8:18 9:1 9:1 9:1 9:3 9:4 9:4 9:4 9:4 9:4 9:4 9:5 9:5 9:5 9:5 9:5 9:5 9:5 9:5-38 9:27 9:38 10:1 10:1 10:1 10:1 10:1 10:2 10:2 10:2-8 10:3 10:3 10:3 10:3 10:4 10:4 10:5 10:5 10:6 10:6 10:6 10:7 10:7 10:7 10:8 10:8 10:8 10:9 10:9 10:9 10:10 10:10 10:10 10:10 10:10 10:11 10:11 10:11 10:12 10:12 10:13 10:13 10:13 10:14 10:14 10:14 10:14 10:14 10:15 10:15 10:16 10:16 10:16 10:16 10:17 10:17 10:17 10:18 10:18 10:18 10:18 10:19 10:19 10:19 10:20 10:20 10:20 10:21 10:21 10:22 10:22 10:22 10:23 10:23 10:23 10:24 10:24 10:24 10:25 10:25 10:25 10:26 10:26 10:26 10:27 10:27 10:27 10:32 10:33 10:35 10:36 10:37 10:37 11:3 11:3 11:4 11:4 11:4 11:4 11:4 11:4 11:4 11:5 11:5 11:5 11:5 11:5 11:5 11:5 11:5 11:5 11:6 11:7 11:7 11:7 11:7 11:7 11:7 11:8 11:9 11:9 11:9 11:10 11:11 11:11 11:11 11:12 11:12 11:12 11:12 11:12 11:12 11:13 11:13 11:13 11:13 11:13 11:13 11:14 11:15 11:15 11:15 11:15 11:15 11:16 11:17 11:17 11:17 11:17 11:17 11:17 11:17 11:17 11:19 11:21 11:21 11:21 11:22 11:22 11:22 11:22 11:24 11:24 11:25 11:25 11:25 11:26 11:26 11:26 11:28 11:28 11:29 11:29 11:29 11:30 11:30 11:30 11:31 11:32 11:32 11:33 11:33 11:33 11:34 11:34 11:34 11:35 11:35 12:1 12:1 12:2 12:2 12:2 12:2 12:2 12:3 12:3 12:3 12:4 12:4 12:5 12:5 12:5 12:6 12:6 12:7 12:8 12:8 12:9 12:9 12:10 12:11 12:11 12:12 12:12 12:12 12:12 12:13 12:13 12:13 12:13 12:13 12:14 12:14 12:14 12:14 12:15 12:15 12:16 12:16 12:16 12:17 12:17 12:17 12:17 12:17 12:17 12:18 12:18 12:18 12:18 12:19 12:19 12:19 12:20 12:20 12:20 12:21 12:21 12:22 12:22 12:22 12:22 12:23 12:23 12:24 12:25 12:25 12:25 12:25 12:25 12:25 12:26 12:26 12:26 12:28 12:29 12:29 12:32 12:33 12:33 12:34 12:35 12:35 12:35 12:35 12:35 12:36 12:36 12:36 12:36 12:36 12:36 12:36 12:37 12:37 12:37 12:38 12:39 12:39 12:39 12:39 12:39 12:39 12:39 12:39 12:39 12:39 12:41 12:41 12:41 12:41 12:41 12:42 12:42 12:42 12:42 12:42 12:42 12:42 12:42 12:44 12:46 12:47 13:1 13:3 13:13 13:13 13:13 13:13 13:13 13:13 13:15 13:15 13:16 13:23 13:24 13:28 13:28 13:28 2067
Esther
1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:3 1:3 1:4 1:6 1:6 1:8 1:10 1:10 1:10 1:10 1:10 1:10 1:10 1:11 1:14 1:14 1:14 1:14 1:14 1:14 1:16 1:21 1:22 2:3 2:3 2:3 2:5 2:5 2:5 2:6 2:7 2:8 2:12 2:12 2:14 2:15 2:15 2:16 2:17 2:17 2:21 2:21 3:1 3:1 3:1 3:1 3:7 3:7 3:7 3:10 3:10 3:10 3:10 3:12 4:5 4:6 4:9 4:10 4:11 4:16 5:8 5:10 5:14 6:2 6:12 6:13 6:14 6:21 7:9 7:10 8:1 8:2 8:3 8:5 8:5 8:9 8:9 8:9 8:11 8:15 9:1 9:7 9:7 9:7 9:8 9:8 9:8 9:9 9:9 9:9 9:9 9:12 9:20 9:20 9:22 9:24 9:24 9:29 10:7 11:1 11:1 11:2 11:2 11:2 11:3 12:1 12:1 12:6 12:6 13:3 13:12 14:17 16:10 16:10 16:17 16:17 16:18
Job
1:1 1:3 1:3 1:3 1:3 1:4 1:5 1:6 1:9 1:9-11 1:10 1:15 1:17 1:19 1:20 2:1 2:4 2:5 2:8 2:11 2:11 2:11 2:11 2:12 3:8 3:8 3:8 4 4:12-21 4:19 5 5:5 5:15 5:26 6:4 6:19 7:3 7:6 8:11 8:19 8:24 9:9 9:9 9:9 9:9 9:25 9:33 10:10 10:21 10:22 11:1 11:1 11:6 12 13:27 13:28 14:13 15 15:10 15:12-16 15:26 15:33 15:33 16:13 16:15 16:16 18:9 18:10 19:24 19:24 19:26 20:1 20:1 20:14 20:16 20:16 20:17 20:24 20:24 20:25 21:10 21:12 21:12 21:12 21:18 21:26 22 22:6 22:11 22:24 22:27 23:8 23:8 23:9 23:9 24:2 24:6 24:11 24:20 27:18 27:18 27:21 28 28:1-11 28:2 28:7 28:7 28:16 28:16 28:16 28:17 28:17 28:18 28:18 28:18 29:7 29:14 29:19 29:19 30:1 30:1 30:1 30:4 30:4 30:6 30:7 30:7 30:15 30:19 30:25 30:29 30:29 30:29 30:31 31:17 31:20 31:20-28 31:26 31:26 31:27 31:27 31:27 31:40 31:40 32:2 32:2 32:4 32:6 33:11 33:18 35:5 36:12 37:2 37:4 37:5 37:17 37:17 37:18 38:9 38:14 38:24 38:31 38:31 38:31 38:32 38:32 38:41 38:41 39:1 39:1 39:5 39:10 39:10 39:13-18 39:19-25 39:26 40:9 40:12 40:15-24 40:16 40:22 41:1 41:1 41:2 41:2 41:20 41:20 42:8 42:9 42:9 42:11 42:14 42:14 42:14 42:16
Psalms
1:4 2 2 2 2:2 2:6 2:7 3:3 4:2 5:1 5:6 5:7 6:1 6:12 7:1 7:1 7:2 7:9 8 8 8:1 9 9:1 9:16 9:16 10 12:1 12:6 12:6 15 15 15:5 16 16 18 18 18:8 18:12 18:13 18:13 18:16 18:33 18:33 18:34 18:34 18:34 18:42 19 19:5 19:5 19:7 19:7 19:14 20:7 21 21:3 22 22 22:1 22:13 22:16 22:20 22:21 23:2 23:4 23:5 23:5 23:6 24 25 25 26:2 27:5 28:2 28:7 29:3 29:3-9 29:5 29:6 29:9 30:11 32 32 32:1 32:9 34 34 34:1 35:5 35:13 35:19 37 37 37:2 37:35 39:5 39:11 40 40 40 40:4 40:7 40:7 42 42 42 42 42:1 42:6 42:7 43 44 44 44:9 44:19 45 45 45 45 45:1 45:1 45:1 45:1 45:1 45:1 45:3 45:3 45:8 45:8 45:8 45:8 45:8 45:8 45:9 45:13 45:13 45:14 45:14 46 46:1 46:1 47:7 47:9 48:7 48:7 49:19 49:21 50 50:1 51 51:7 52 52 53:1 54:1 55:6 55:17 55:17 55:17 56:8 57 57:4 58 58:3 58:4 58:4 58:5 58:8 59 59:6 60:1 60:1 60:1 60:7 60:8 60:8 61:1 63:6 65 68:4 68:13 68:14 68:25 68:25 68:25-27 68:30 69 69:1 69:31 70 71 72 72 72:1 72:9 72:9 72:10 72:20 73 73 74:6 74:14 74:14 74:17 74:18 74:19 75 75 75:8 76 76:2 76:2 77:20 78:2 78:24 78:40 78:42 78:43 78:45 78:45 78:46 78:47 78:47 78:48 78:51 78:51 80 80:1 80:1 80:1 80:11 80:13 80:13 80:13 81 81:1 81:1 81:3 81:6 81:6 81:7 81:16 81:16 81:16 82:6 83:1 83:6 83:6 83:7 83:7 83:8 83:8 83:8 83:9 83:10 83:11 83:11 83:11 84 84:1 84:3 84:3 84:3 84:6 84:11 87:2 87:4 87:4 87:4 87:7 88 88:1 88:1 88:11 89:1 89:1 89:10 89:26 89:27 90 90 90:4 91:13 91:13 92:3 92:3 92:10 92:10 92:12 92:12 95:6 95:8 95:8 95:9 98:6 100:20 102:6 102:6 102:7 102:19 103:20 104:3 104:4 104:18 104:18 104:19 104:26 104:26 104:35 105:11 105:15 105:18 105:23 105:23 105:27 105:30 105:31 105:31 105:45 106 106:14 106:17 106:22 107 107 107:16 108:9 108:9 109:6 109:10 110 110 110 110:4 110:4 111 111:1 112 112:1 112:9 113 113 113:1 113:1 113:9 114 114 115 115:18 116:19 116:117 117 118 118:12 118:27 119 119:83 120 120 120:4 120:4 120:5 120:5 122:2 122:5 126:6 127:3 127:5 127:5 128:3 132:11 132:17 133:2 133:3 136 137:2 138:2 139 140 140:3 140:3 140:10 145 145:1 147 147:14 147:16 148:8 149:8 150:1 150:3 150:4 150:5 150:45
Proverbs
1:1 1:6 1:9 1:9 1:14 1:14 1:16 3:7 3:11 3:12 3:15 3:34 4:9 5:19 6:1 6:1 6:4 6:5 6:6 6:26 7:6 7:17 7:17 7:17 7:20 7:20 7:22 8:1 8:3 8:11 8:19 9:2 9:2 9:3 9:5 9:14 10:1 10:1 10:1-22 10:2 10:12 10:16 10:26 11:4 11:15 11:15 11:16 11:31 12:4 13:9 14:1 15:17 15:17 15:20 16:1 16:5 16:15 16:15 16:31 17:3 17:13 17:18 17:18 17:18 17:25 17:27 20:1 20:9 20:16 20:16 20:20 20:20 20:26 20:29 21:9 22:5 22:8 22:13 22:17-22 22:17-24 22:21 22:26 22:26 22:28 23:10 23:30 23:32 24:23-34 24:30 24:31 24:31 24:31 24:31 25:1 25:11 25:11 25:13 25:14 25:20 25:20 25:20 25:21 25:22 25:23 25:32 26:1 26:2 26:3 26:11 26:13 26:14 26:21 26:21 26:23 27:1 27:9 27:13 27:22 27:22 27:25 27:26 27:27 29:15 30 30:1 30:1 30:1 30:1 30:16 30:17 30:25 30:26 30:28 30:31 31:1 31:1 31:1-9 31:5 31:6 31:10 31:10 31:10-31 31:13 31:13 31:13 31:13 31:13 31:14 31:14 31:19 31:21 31:22 31:22 31:22 31:24 31:30 102:7
Ecclesiastes
1:1 2:1 2:6 2:7 2:8 2:8 3:4 5:4 7:1 9:8 10:1 10:1 10:1 10:8 10:11 10:11 10:16 10:19 12:3 12:4 12:5 12:5 12:5 12:6 12:40
Song of Solomon
Isaiah
1:1 1:1 1:2 1:6 1:6 1:8 1:8 1:8 1:10 1:13 1:25 1:25 1:29 1:30 2:4 2:6 2:13 2:16 2:20 2:66 3:3 3:6 3:6 3:7 3:7 3:16 3:16 3:17 3:18 3:18 3:18 3:18 3:18-23 3:20 3:20 3:20 3:21 3:21 3:21 3:22 3:22 3:22 3:22 3:23 3:24 3:24 3:24 3:24 3:24 5:1 5:1 5:2 5:2 5:2 5:2 5:5 5:5 5:8 5:10 5:10 5:10 5:11 5:11 5:12 5:12 5:12 5:22 5:24 5:25 5:27 5:28 6:1 6:1-3 6:2 6:2 6:2 6:2-6 6:4 6:14 7 7 7:1 7:1-9 7:3 7:3 7:6 7:8 7:8 7:14 7:16 7:18 7:18 7:18 7:20 7:21 7:22 7:23 7:25 7:25 8 8:1 8:2 8:2 8:2 8:6 8:6 8:6 8:6 8:14 8:16 8:19 9 9 9:1 9:1 9:4 9:4 9:6 9:14 10:5 10:5-12 10:5-19 10:9 10:26 10:26 10:26 10:28 10:28 10:28 10:30 10:30 10:30 10:31 10:31 10:32 11 11 11:6 11:6 11:7 11:7 11:8 11:8 11:8 11:8 11:11 11:11 11:14 11:15 12 12:2 13:2 13:10 13:12 13:14 13:17 13:21 14:3-23 14:8 14:8 14:11 14:12 14:23 14:23 14:23 14:29 14:29 14:29 14:29 15 15:1 15:1 15:2 15:2 15:2 15:2 15:2 15:2 15:2 15:2 15:4 15:5 15:5 15:5 15:6 15:6 15:7 15:8 15:8 15:8 15:9 16 16:1 16:1 16:8 16:8 16:9 16:9 16:9 16:9 16:10 16:10 16:10 16:11 16:12 17:2 17:5 17:5 17:13 17:13 18:2 18:3 18:4 18:5 18:5 18:10 19:5 19:6 19:8 19:8 19:9 19:9 19:10 19:13 19:13 19:13 20:1 20:1 20:1 20:2 20:4 20:5 20:6 21:1-9 21:2 21:2 21:5 21:5 21:7 21:8 21:11 21:11 21:13 21:13 21:13 21:13 21:13-17 21:14 21:17 22:3 22:6 22:11 22:15 22:20 22:20 22:21 22:21 22:24 22:24 23:1 23:1 23:2 23:2 23:4 23:6 23:12 23:12 23:12 23:16 24:18 25 25:5 25:6 25:6 25:6 25:6 25:6 25:10 25:12 26:4 27:1 27:1 27:8 27:9 27:12 28:1 28:1 28:5 28:7 28:7 28:11 28:12 28:16 28:16 28:21 28:21 28:24 28:25 28:25 28:25 28:25 28:25 28:27 28:27 28:27 28:28 29:1 29:2 29:3 29:7 29:10 29:11 29:11 29:12 29:13 29:18 30:4 30:4 30:6 30:6 30:7 30:11 30:14 30:17 30:17 30:24 30:24 30:24 30:28 30:29 30:29 30:30 30:31 30:32 30:33 30:37 31:1 31:4 31:4 32:11 32:20 32:20 32:20 33:4 33:9 33:11 33:12 33:12 33:20 34:4 34:5-8 34:6 34:11 34:11 34:11 34:13 34:13-15 34:14 34:15 35:1 36:1 36:1 36:2 36:3 36:3 36:3 36:3 36:6 36:11 36:19 36:22 36:22 36:22 37:1 37:9 37:12 37:12 37:12 37:13 37:13 37:13 37:13 37:29 37:33 37:37 37:38 37:38 37:38 37:38 37:38 38:1 38:8 38:12 38:12 38:14 38:14 39:1 40 40:11 40:12 40:14 40:19 40:22 41:2 41:3 41:4 41:7 41:15 41:19 41:19 41:19 41:19 41:21-24 41:25 41:25 41:25 41:25 42:2 42:7 42:11 42:15 42:15 42:19 42:25 43:3 43:5 43:6 43:19 43:20 43:20 44:2 44:2 44:4 44:6 44:7 44:12 44:13 44:13 44:14 44:14 44:15 44:16 44:28 45:1-4 45:6 45:9 45:13 45:14 46:1 46:1 46:1 46:2 46:6 46:11 46:11 46:11 46:11 47:1 47:2 47:2 47:2 47:9 47:9 47:9 47:12 48:14 48:15 48:21 49:2 49:9-26 49:12 49:15 49:18 49:23 50 50:3 50:6 50:6 51:9 51:9-52 51:18 51:20 51:20 52:5 52:13-15 52:53 53:7 53:8 54:5 54:11 54:12 54:12 54:12 54:16 55:12 55:13 55:13 56:10 57:8 57:14 57:20 58:5 58:6 59:5 59:5 59:5 59:11 60:6 60:6 60:7 60:8 60:13 60:13 60:13 61:1 61:1 61:3 61:6 61:10 61:10 61:10 62:3 62:4 62:4 63:1 63:1-4 63:2 63:3 63:16 64:12 65:4 65:11 65:16 65:25 65:25 65:25 66:3 66:3 66:17 66:19 66:19 66:19 66:19 66:19 66:23 66:24 66:25 68:19
Jeremiah
1:1 1:1 1:11 1:11 1:12 1:16 1:18 2:10 2:16 2:18 2:21 2:22 2:22 2:22 2:26 3:3 3:14 4:3 4:26 5:1 5:5 5:6 5:6 5:6 5:10 5:24 5:27 6:1 6:1 6:6 6:7 6:9 6:9 6:9 6:20 6:28-30 6:29 6:29 6:30 7:12 7:18 7:18 7:18 7:18 7:29 7:31 7:31 7:32 7:34 7:34 8:2 8:7 8:7 8:7 8:8 8:8 8:14 8:17 8:17 8:21 8:22 8:22 9:2 9:11 9:15 9:17 9:17-20 10:2 10:9 10:9 10:9 10:9 10:11 11:12 11:13 11:17 11:20 12:1 12:9 13:1 13:2 13:4-7 13:14 13:18 13:22 13:23 13:23 14:5 14:13 15:3 15:9 15:10 15:12 15:12 15:12 15:12 15:20 16:6 16:6 16:7 16:7 16:8 16:9 16:12 17:1 17:1 17:1 17:1 17:6 17:8 17:10 17:11 18:1 18:2-6 19:1 19:1 19:1 19:2 19:2 19:3 19:6 19:10-13 19:11 19:12 19:13 19:13 19:14 20:1 20:1-6 20:2 20:2 20:2 20:2 20:3 20:15 20:15 21 21:1 21:1 21:1 21:1 21:1 22:11 22:13 22:13 22:14 22:18 22:18 22:19 22:19 22:20 23:7 23:15 23:18 23:19 23:32 24 24:1 24:2 24:2 25:10 25:11 25:12 25:13 25:14 25:15-38 25:20 25:22 25:22 25:22 25:22 25:23 25:25 25:25 25:26 25:30 25:30 25:30 25:30 25:30 26:4-32 26:10-24 26:18 26:20 26:20-23 26:22 26:22 26:23 26:24 26:24 26:24 27 27 27:1 27:3 27:3 27:3 27:3 27:5-8 27:7 27:13 28 28:1 28:1 28:13 29 29:2 29:2 29:3 29:3 29:3 29:3 29:5 29:13 29:21 29:21 29:21 29:21 29:22 29:22 29:24 29:24-32 29:25 29:25 29:25-29 29:26 29:26 29:26 29:29 29:31 29:32 31:4 31:5 31:13 31:15 31:15 31:19 31:29 31:30 31:31-34 31:38 31:38 31:38 31:39 31:39 31:40 32 32:6-9 32:7 32:7 32:8 32:9 32:10 32:10-16 32:12 32:12 32:12 32:14 32:29 32:29 32:44 32:44 32:44 33:13 33:13 34 34:7 34:18 34:18 34:19 34:21 35 35:2-19 35:3 35:3 35:3 35:4 35:4 35:4 35:5 35:6 35:6 35:6-11 35:6-19 35:7 35:7 35:8 35:10 35:14 35:16 35:18 35:19 36:1 36:2 36:4 36:6-10 36:10 36:11 36:12 36:12 36:12 36:12 36:12 36:13 36:14 36:14 36:14 36:14 36:14 36:14 36:18 36:20 36:21 36:21 36:22 36:23 36:23 36:23 36:23 36:23 36:25 36:25 36:26 36:26 36:26 36:26 36:26 36:30 36:30 37 37:3 37:3 37:3 37:5-11 37:13 37:13 37:13 37:13 37:13 37:14 37:15 37:21 37:21 37:21 37:21 37:21 38 38:1 38:1 38:1 38:1 38:1 38:4 38:4 38:5 38:6 38:6 38:6 38:6 38:7 38:7 38:7 38:9 38:10 38:12 38:12 39:1-7 39:3 39:3 39:3 39:3 39:3 39:4 39:5 39:5 39:5 39:6 39:7 39:7 39:11 39:13 39:13 39:13 39:13 39:15 39:16 40:5 40:6 40:7 40:7 40:8 40:8 40:8 40:8 40:8 40:8 40:8 40:11 40:13 40:13 40:14 40:14 40:15 40:16 41:1 41:1 41:3 41:5 41:5 41:6 41:7 41:10 41:10 41:11 41:11 41:11-16 41:13 41:14 41:16 41:16 41:16 41:17 42:1 42:1 42:1 42:8 43:2 43:2 43:2 43:3 43:4 43:4 43:5 43:5 43:6 43:7 43:8-10 43:9 43:10 43:12 43:13 43:13 43:13 44:1 44:1 44:1 44:15 45:1 45:17 45:18 45:19 45:25 46:1 46:2 46:2 46:2-10 46:2-12 46:4 46:6 46:9 46:9 46:10 46:11 46:13-26 46:14 46:19 46:23 46:25 46:25 46:25 46:26 47:4 47:4 47:4 47:5 48:1 48:1 48:1 48:2 48:3 48:4 48:5 48:5 48:7 48:13 48:18 48:19 48:21 48:21 48:21 48:21 48:22 48:22 48:23 48:23 48:23 48:23 48:24 48:24 48:24 48:26 48:28 48:31 48:32 48:32 48:33 48:33 48:34 48:34 48:34 48:34 48:35 48:36 48:36 48:37 48:45 48:46 49:1 49:2 49:2 49:3 49:3 49:3 49:3 49:3 49:7 49:8 49:10 49:13 49:17 49:22 49:23 49:28 49:29 49:32 50:2 50:21 50:21 50:39 51:7 51:7 51:8 51:11 51:20 51:20 51:21 51:23 51:27 51:27 51:27 51:27 51:28 51:31 51:36 51:37 51:38 51:39 51:41 51:59 51:59 51:59 51:61 51:63 52:1 52:4 52:4 52:16 52:19 52:19 52:21 52:21 52:24 52:24 52:27 52:30 52:30 62:1-11 62:9 62:10 62:26 62:27
Lamentations
1:1-4 1:12 1:16 2:1 2:6 2:19 2:19 2:19 3:15 3:19 3:44 4:7 4:13 4:21
Ezekiel
1:3 1:3 1:4 1:5 1:18 1:22 1:27 2:9 2:9 2:9 2:10 3:9 3:15 3:15 3:16 3:22 3:23 3:23 4:1 4:2 4:2 4:2 4:2 4:2 4:2 4:3 4:4 4:9 4:9 4:9 4:9 4:9 4:11 4:15 5:1 5:1 5:1 6:14 7:16 7:18 8:1 8:2 8:4 8:11 8:14 9:2 9:3 9:3 10:4 10:18 10:33 11:1 11:1 11:1 11:5-12 11:13 11:19 11:23 12:22 13:4 13:4 13:5 13:9 13:10 13:10 13:11 13:14 13:15 14:2 14:9 14:14 14:20 16:4 16:10 16:10 16:11 16:11-21 16:12 16:12 16:13 16:16 16:31 17:11-18 17:12 17:15-20 17:16 17:17 17:23 18:1 18:8 18:13 18:13 18:17 18:20 19:4 19:9 19:11 19:12 20:7 20:12 20:29 20:37 20:49 21:12 21:19-22 21:20 21:20 21:21 21:21 21:21 21:22 21:22 21:22 21:22 22:18 22:18-22 22:20 22:27 22:28 23 23:2-20 23:14 23:15 23:15 23:23 23:23 23:23 23:40 24:17 24:17 24:17 24:18 24:23 24:23 25:4 25:9 25:9 25:9 25:9 25:13 25:15-17 25:16 26 26:2 26:2 26:2 26:3 26:3 26:4 26:4 26:4 26:5 26:6 26:7 26:8 26:8 26:9 26:10 26:11 26:12 26:12 26:14 26:15 26:21 27:1 27:2 27:3 27:5 27:5 27:5 27:6 27:7 27:7 27:8 27:8 27:9 27:9 27:9 27:10 27:10 27:10 27:11 27:11 27:11 27:12 27:12 27:12 27:12 27:12 27:13 27:13 27:13 27:13 27:14 27:14 27:14 27:15 27:15 27:16 27:16 27:16 27:16 27:16 27:17 27:17 27:17 27:17 27:17 27:17 27:18 27:18 27:18 27:18 27:19 27:19 27:19 27:19 27:19 27:20 27:20-24 27:21 27:21 27:22 27:22 27:23 27:23 27:24 27:25 27:26 27:27 27:28 27:32 27:33 28:2 28:2-12 28:3 28:4 28:5 28:5 28:12 28:13 28:13 28:13 28:13 28:13 28:21 28:22 29:10 29:10 29:10 29:14 29:18 29:28 30:5 30:5 30:6 30:6 30:13 30:13 30:13-18 30:14 30:14 30:14-16 30:15 30:15 30:16 30:16 30:16 30:16 30:17 30:17 30:21 31:3-6 31:8 32:26 34:3 34:12 36:26 36:33 37:1 37:2 37:9 38:2 38:2 38:2 38:2 38:3 38:3 38:3 38:5 38:5 38:5 38:6 38:15 38:16 39:1 39:1 39:1 39:1 39:2 39:2 39:3 39:6 39:6 39:9 39:11 39:15 39:15 39:16 40:5-8 40:24 40:27 40:43 40:47 41:8 41:8 41:15 41:23 41:24 42:10 42:16-19 42:16-29 43:4 43:7 43:9 43:13 43:15 43:16 44:11 44:15 44:17-19 44:23 44:24 45:11 45:13 45:13 45:14 45:17 45:25 46:3 46:5 46:7 46:11 46:14 47:8 47:8 47:10 47:10 47:10 47:10 47:15 47:15 47:16 47:16 47:16 47:17 47:17 47:19 47:19 48:1 48:1 48:28
Daniel
1 1:1 1:2 1:3 1:3 1:3 1:3 1:4 1:4 1:4 1:5 1:5 1:6 1:6 1:7 1:7 1:8-16 1:11 1:11 1:11 1:11 1:16 1:17 1:18 1:19 1:19 1:20 1:21 2:1 2:4-7 2:14 2:14 2:17 2:28 2:39 2:48 2:49 3 3:1 3:1 3:1 3:1 3:2 3:4 3:5 3:5 3:5 3:5 3:5 3:6 3:6 3:6 3:7 3:7 3:10 3:10 3:10 3:15 3:15 3:15 3:15 3:15 3:21 3:22 3:22 3:23 3:23 3:23 3:30 4:8-27 4:13 4:16 4:23 4:29 4:33 4:36 5 5 5:2 5:2 5:5 5:7 5:10-28 5:11 5:13 5:13 5:25 5:25 5:26 5:28 5:31 5:31 5:31 6 6:1 6:1 6:1 6:1 6:1 6:1-58 6:2 6:8 6:10 6:10 6:10 6:10 6:10-23 6:12 6:15 6:17 6:28 6:28 6:28 7:1 7:2 7:6 7:6 7:9 7:9 7:10 8:2 8:2 8:2 8:5 8:7 8:8 8:13 8:16 8:16 8:16 8:21 8:21 9:1 9:1 9:1 9:1 9:1 9:21 9:21 9:25 9:26 9:27 10:1 10:1 10:3 10:4 10:4 10:5 10:5 10:13 10:21 11:1 11:1 11:1 11:3 11:3 11:6 11:7 11:8 11:10-12 11:14 11:14 11:15 11:18 11:19 11:20 11:21 11:25 11:27 11:30 11:30 11:31 11:38 11:39 12:1 12:4 12:11
Hosea
1:1 1:3 1:3 1:4 1:6 1:9 2:1 2:1 2:5 2:5 2:9 2:13 2:16 2:16 2:19 3:1 3:2 3:2 4:11 4:11 4:12 4:13 4:13 4:15 4:15 4:16 5:8 5:8 5:13 6:3 6:4 6:4 7:4 7:4 7:4-7 7:5 7:5 7:11 8:14 9:1 9:2 9:9 9:13 10:1 10:4 10:4 10:5 10:5 10:5 10:6 10:8 10:9 10:11 10:11 10:11 10:12 10:14 10:14 11:8 11:8 12:1 12:4 12:7 12:13 12:13 13:2 13:2 13:2 13:3 13:3 13:3 13:7 14:5 14:5 14:7
Joel
1:1 1:4 1:4 1:4 1:7 1:9 1:12 1:13 2:1-15 2:5 2:8 2:8 2:9 2:9 2:10 2:10 2:16 2:16 2:20 2:20 2:20 2:20 2:24 2:25 2:28 2:31 2:31 3:2 3:4 3:4 3:4-8 3:6 3:6 3:6 3:6 3:10 3:12 3:13 3:13 3:15 4:4
Amos
1:1 1:1 1:5 1:5 1:5 1:5 1:6 1:9 1:9 1:9 1:10 1:10 1:12 1:13 1:15 2:1 2:1 2:2 2:13 2:13 3:5 3:15 4:3 4:7 4:9 5:7 5:11 5:12 5:16 5:23 5:26 6:2 6:2 6:4 6:4 6:6 6:8 6:12 7:1 7:1 7:11 7:12 7:14 7:14 7:14 7:14 7:14 7:14 7:14 7:15 8:5 8:5 8:9 9:7 9:7 9:7 9:9 9:13 9:13 9:13 9:14
Obadiah
Jonah
1:1 1:3 1:3 1:5 3:3 4:2 4:2 4:6-10
Micah
1:1 1:8 1:10 1:11 1:11 1:11 1:12 1:14 1:14 1:16 2:2 2:10 2:12 2:12 2:13 3:3 3:6 4:3 4:4 4:4 4:8 4:8 4:13 5:1 5:1 5:2 5:6 5:12 5:12 6:5 6:5 6:11 6:11 6:15 7:14 7:17 7:17
Nahum
1:1 1:4 1:10 1:12 1:15 2:2 2:3 2:3 2:4 2:6 2:7 2:7 2:7 2:8 2:9 2:13 3:3 3:8 3:8 3:8 3:9 3:9 3:9 3:13 3:16 3:16-17 3:17 3:18 3:18 50
Habakkuk
Zephaniah
1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:4 1:4 1:5 1:6 1:10 1:10 1:10 1:11 2:2 2:4 2:8 2:9 2:13 2:13-15 2:13-15 2:14 2:14 2:14 3:3
Haggai
1:1 1:1 1:1 1:4 1:10 1:12 1:12 1:12 1:13 1:14 1:14 1:14 1:14 2:2 2:2 2:4 2:12 2:16 2:23 2:23
Zechariah
1:1 1:1 1:7 1:7 1:7 1:8 1:10 1:11 1:18 2:1 2:4 2:6 3:1 3:1 3:9 3:10 4:2 4:10 5:1 5:1 6:1 6:9 6:9-15 6:10 6:10 6:10 6:10 6:10 6:10 6:11 6:14 6:14 6:14 6:14 7:1 7:1-7 7:2 7:2 7:5 7:12 8:4 8:12 8:19 9:1 9:2 9:2 9:3 9:3 9:5 9:6 9:13 9:15 9:16 10:1 10:2 10:2 10:7 11:7 11:12 11:12 11:13 11:13 11:15 12:1-14 12:3 12:11 12:13 14:4 14:4 14:5 14:5 14:5 14:6 14:10 14:10 14:10 14:10 14:10 14:18 14:20 14:21 16:5
Malachi
2:7 3:1 3:1 3:2 3:3 3:5 4:2 4:5 4:5 4:6
Matthew
1:2 1:3 1:3 1:3 1:3 1:3 1:3 1:3 1:3 1:3 1:3 1:4 1:4 1:4 1:4 1:4 1:4 1:4 1:5 1:5 1:5 1:5 1:5 1:5 1:5 1:6 1:6 1:7 1:8 1:8 1:8 1:9 1:9 1:9 1:9 1:10 1:10 1:10 1:11 1:12 1:12 1:13 1:13 1:13 1:13 1:13 1:14 1:14 1:14 1:15 1:15 1:15 1:15 1:19 1:20 1:23 1:23 2 2:1 2:1-12 2:6 2:11 2:15 2:16-18 2:17 2:22 2:23 2:23 3:3 3:4 3:4 3:4 3:4 3:4 3:4 3:4 3:5 3:7 3:11 3:12 3:12 3:42 4:5 4:8 4:13 4:13 4:13 4:13 4:15 4:16 4:17 4:18 4:18 4:18-22 4:21 4:21 4:21 4:22 4:23 4:24 4:24 4:24 5:13 5:15 5:15 5:15 5:21 5:22 5:25 5:26 5:29 5:31 5:32 5:36 5:41 5:41 6:1-4 6:2 6:2 6:5 6:6 6:9-13 6:13 6:16 6:19 6:24 6:28 6:28 6:28 6:30 6:30 6:33 7:6 7:9 7:15 7:29 8:5 8:13 8:23 8:28 8:28 8:29 8:29 8:29 8:32 9:1 9:1 9:9 9:14 9:14 9:15 9:15 9:17 9:18 9:23 9:23 9:23 9:23 9:25 9:32 9:35 9:36 10 10:2 10:2-4 10:2-4 10:3 10:3 10:3 10:3 10:3 10:3 10:3 10:3 10:4 10:4 10:4 10:4 10:5 10:8 10:9 10:9 10:9 10:10 10:10 10:16 10:16 10:16 10:17 10:17 10:18 10:19 10:20 10:20 10:25 10:25 10:28 10:29 10:29 11:3 11:17 11:21 11:21 11:22 11:23 12:1 12:1 12:1-13 12:1-13 12:1-16 12:10-13 12:22 12:22 12:22 12:24 12:24-26 12:24-26 12:27 12:32 12:39 12:39 12:40 12:40 12:41 12:41 13:1 13:1 13:8 13:8 13:25 13:31 13:33 13:33 13:39 13:41 13:45 13:49 13:54 13:55 13:55 13:55 13:55 13:55 13:55 13:55 14:1 14:4 14:6 14:6 14:6 14:8 14:8-11 14:9 14:23 14:24 14:25 14:34 14:34 15 15:1-6 15:2 15:4 15:5 15:7 15:8 15:21 15:21 15:36 15:39 15:39 15:39 16:1 16:1 16:4 16:4 16:4 16:6 16:6 16:6 16:11 16:12 16:13 16:13 16:13-28 16:14 16:16 16:17 16:17 16:19 16:19 16:23 16:27 17:1 17:1 17:1-13 17:2 17:3 17:5 17:6 17:9 17:15 17:15 17:20 17:21 17:24 17:24 17:24 17:24 17:24 17:24-27 17:25 18:1 18:6 18:10 18:15 18:18 18:18 18:22 18:28 19:1 19:1 19:3 19:4 19:5 19:7 19:7 19:8 19:8 19:9 19:9 20:1-5 20:2 20:2 20:2 20:2 20:2 20:3 20:4 20:7 20:9 20:9 20:10 20:13 20:13 20:20 20:20 20:20 20:21 20:30 21:1 21:9 21:12 21:12 21:15 21:32 21:33 21:33 21:33 21:33 21:33 21:34 21:42 21:43 22:1-10 22:3 22:4 22:10 22:11 22:11 22:11 22:15 22:15 22:15 22:15-21 22:16 22:17 22:23 22:23-30 22:31 22:33 23:5 23:5 23:5 23:5 23:5 23:5 23:6 23:6 23:6 23:6 23:7 23:7 23:8 23:9 23:13 23:14 23:15 23:15 23:15 23:16-22 23:16-23 23:21 23:23 23:23 23:23 23:23 23:23 23:24 23:25 23:27 23:27 23:29 23:30 23:32 23:35 23:35 23:35 23:35 23:35 23:37 24:15 24:15 24:18 24:28 24:29 24:29 24:31 24:31 24:32 24:41 25:1 25:3 25:7 25:31 25:41 25:41 25:41 25:43 26:3 26:3 26:6 26:6-14 26:7 26:12 26:15 26:18 26:19 26:23 26:23 26:25 26:31 26:34 26:36 26:49 26:51 26:53 26:53 26:53 26:57 26:57 26:59 26:71 26:73 27:1 27:3-10 27:5 27:5 27:6-10 27:7 27:9 27:9 27:27 27:27 27:27 27:27 27:27 27:29 27:32 27:32 27:33 27:45 27:46 27:48 27:48 27:51 27:51-54 27:54 27:56 27:56 27:56 27:57 27:58 27:60 27:61 27:61 27:66 27:66 28:1 28:1 28:2-7 28:5 28:9 28:19
Mark
1:6 1:7 1:9 1:16 1:19 1:20 1:20 1:20 1:20 1:21 1:24 1:24 1:31 1:32 1:33 2:1 2:14 2:14 2:18 3:1-6 3:2 3:8 3:13-19 3:14 3:17 3:17 3:18 3:18 3:18 3:18 3:18 3:18 3:18 3:18 3:18 3:19 3:22 3:28 4:1 4:21 4:21 4:31 4:37 5:1 5:1-5 5:7 5:9 5:10-14 5:13 5:18 5:22 5:37 5:40 5:41 5:41 6:1 6:3 6:3 6:3 6:3 6:3 6:3 6:3 6:8 6:8 6:8 6:13 6:13 6:14 6:14 6:17 6:17 6:22 6:22 6:24-28 6:31-53 6:37 6:46 6:53 6:53 7:1-5 7:3 7:3 7:3 7:4 7:4 7:4 7:5 7:6 7:8 7:10 7:11 7:13 7:24 7:26 7:32 8:10 8:10 8:11 8:27 8:27 8:27 9:2-13 9:3 9:6 9:17-26 9:17-27 9:29 9:38 9:43 9:44 9:46 9:48 10:1 10:1 10:3 10:37 10:46 10:46 10:46 10:46 10:46 10:50 11:1 11:1 11:1 11:9 11:10 11:11 11:13 11:15 11:21 11:25 11:29 12:1 12:1 12:13 12:15 12:18 12:19 12:20 12:38 12:39 12:39 12:41 12:41-44 12:42 13:3 13:9 13:9 13:11 13:24 13:35 13:35 13:35 14:3 14:3 14:3-5 14:13 14:14 14:15 14:16 14:17 14:26 14:30 14:32 14:45 14:51 15:1 15:7 15:16 15:16 15:21 15:21 15:21 15:22 15:23 15:23 15:34 15:36 15:36 15:40 15:40 15:40 15:40 15:47 15:47 16:1 16:1 16:1 16:2 16:6 16:9 16:17 16:17 16:17 16:17 16:18
Luke
1 1:3 1:3 1:4 1:5 1:5 1:5 1:5 1:9 1:9 1:10 1:10 1:10 1:15 1:19 1:26 1:32 1:36 1:36 1:46-55 1:59 1:72 1:73 2:1 2:2 2:7 2:7 2:8 2:9 2:12 2:15-17 2:16 2:22 2:25-35 2:30 2:36 2:36 2:36 2:36 2:36 2:44 3:1 3:1 3:1 3:1 3:1 3:1 3:2 3:2 3:11 3:13 3:16 3:19 3:19 3:20 3:21 3:23 3:24 3:24 3:24 3:24 3:25 3:25 3:25 3:25 3:25 3:25 3:26 3:26 3:26 3:26 3:26 3:26 3:26 3:26 3:26 3:27 3:27 3:27 3:27 3:27 3:28 3:28 3:28 3:28 3:28 3:29 3:29 3:29 3:29 3:29 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:31 3:31 3:31 3:31 3:31 3:32 3:32 3:32 3:32 3:32 3:33 3:33 3:33 3:33 3:33 3:33 3:33 3:33 3:33 3:34 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:36 3:36 3:37 3:37 3:37 3:37 3:37 3:37 3:38 4:6 4:9 4:17 4:18 4:18 4:19 4:20 4:20 4:23 4:26 4:27 4:29 4:29 4:33 4:38 4:41 4:41 5:1 5:1 5:1-11 5:2 5:27 5:27 5:29 5:33 5:33 5:33 6:1-5 6:12 6:13 6:13 6:14 6:14 6:15 6:15 6:15 6:15 6:16 6:16 6:16 6:16 6:17 6:17 6:18 6:22 6:28 6:37-42 6:48 7:1 7:3 7:4 7:5 7:5 7:12 7:35 7:36-50 7:37 7:38 7:38 7:40 7:44 7:44 7:45 7:46 7:46 8:1 8:2 8:3 8:3 8:3 8:3 8:14 8:23 8:26 8:26 8:41 8:41 8:49 8:51 9 9:3 9:7 9:10-17 9:16 9:20 9:28-36 9:31 9:32 9:54 9:54 9:54 10 10:1 10:3 10:4 10:13 10:13 10:14 10:17-19 10:18 10:29 10:30-36 10:38 10:40 11:1 11:1 11:1 11:2-4 11:15 11:19 11:29 11:30 11:30 11:33 11:38 11:42 11:42 11:42-44 11:43 11:61 11:63 12:5 12:6 12:6 12:7 12:14 12:24 12:24 12:27 12:33 12:55 12:58 12:64 13:1 13:4 13:10-17 13:14 13:19 13:21 13:21 13:23 13:34 14:7 14:7 14:7 14:8 14:8 14:12 14:13 14:13 14:32 15:4 15:8 15:8 15:9 15:9 15:16 15:22 15:23 15:23 15:25 15:25 15:26 16:6 16:7 16:9 16:16 16:19 16:19-31 16:20 16:23 17:6 17:6 17:6 17:11 17:32 17:37 18:10 18:10-17 18:11 18:11 18:12 18:12 18:20 18:35 19:1-10 19:2 19:4 19:8 19:12-27 19:20 19:29 19:29 19:29 20:6 20:19-25 20:24 20:27 20:36 20:46 21:1 21:1-4 21:5 21:25 21:37 22:4 22:10 22:10-12 22:12 22:12 22:13 22:35 22:35 22:38 22:39 22:39 22:39 22:44 22:49 22:51 22:55 22:56 22:61 22:62 22:65 22:66 23:6 23:23 23:26 23:26 23:28 23:38 23:42 23:50 23:51 23:55 23:56 24:10 24:13 24:13 24:18 24:21 24:21 24:23 24:48 24:49 28:18
John
1:1 1:1-18 1:5 1:9 1:14 1:19 1:19 1:19 1:28 1:28 1:28 1:28 1:32 1:33 1:35-42 1:38 1:40 1:41 1:41 1:41 1:41 1:41 1:42 1:42 1:43 1:44 1:44 1:45 1:47 1:47 1:47 1:49 1:51 2 2:1 2:1 2:2 2:2 2:3 2:6 2:6 2:8 2:11 2:11 2:12 2:12 2:13 2:14 2:15 2:15 2:20 2:20 3:1 3:2 3:10 3:14 3:15 3:19 3:22 3:22 3:23 3:23 3:23 3:23 3:26 3:26 3:26 3:29 3:29 4:1 4:1 4:4 4:5 4:5 4:5 4:5 4:5 4:5 4:5-26 4:6 4:11 4:12 4:12 4:24 4:25 4:25 4:25 4:31 4:46 4:46 4:54 5:2 5:2 5:2 5:10 5:46 6 6:1 6:1 6:1 6:2-18 6:5-9 6:7 6:9 6:9 6:11 6:13 6:13 6:17 6:19 6:21 6:23 6:23 6:24 6:24 6:25 6:32-58 6:59 6:64 6:71 6:71 7:1 7:23 7:35 7:37 7:38 7:53 8:7 8:12 8:17 8:34 9:1 9:1-34 9:2 9:6 9:6 9:7 9:11 10:1-16 10:3 10:3 10:4 10:4 10:12 10:15 10:20 10:21 10:22 10:22-42 10:31 10:34 11 11 11:1 11:1 11:1 11:1-54 11:5 11:5 11:8 11:9 11:9 11:16 11:16 11:18 11:18 11:38 11:44 11:47 11:49 11:51 11:54 11:55 11:55 11:59 12:1 12:1 12:1 12:2 12:3 12:3 12:3 12:5 12:6 12:6 12:6 12:6 12:13 12:20-22 12:21 12:21 12:31 12:50 13:1 13:1-15 13:2 13:2 13:5 13:5-14 13:6 13:7 13:23 13:26 13:26 13:26 13:26 13:29 13:29 13:29 14:5 14:8 14:16 14:16 14:22 14:22 14:29 14:30 15 15:1-6 15:25 15:26 16:7 16:11 16:12 16:13 17:1 17:1 18:1 18:1 18:1 18:1 18:2 18:3 18:10 18:13 18:13 18:13 18:14 18:15 18:15 18:16 18:19 18:24 18:24 18:28 18:28 18:28 18:28 18:28 18:28 18:28 18:33 18:33 18:40 19 19:1 19:3 19:9 19:12 19:13 19:15 19:17 19:17 19:20 19:23 19:23 19:25 19:25 19:25 19:25 19:25 19:25 19:25 19:25 19:26 19:27 19:27 19:27 19:29 19:29 19:29 19:30 19:31 19:31 19:38 19:39 19:39 19:40 19:46 20:1 20:1-29 20:2 20:4-6 20:7 20:14 20:15 20:16 20:19 20:24 20:25 20:26 20:29 20:29 20:29 20:30 20:30 20:31 21 21:1 21:1 21:1 21:1-24 21:2 21:2 21:2 21:2 21:3 21:5 21:7 21:8 21:12 21:15-17 21:16 21:20 21:25 24:1 30:18 39
Acts
1:1 1:1 1:6 1:8 1:11 1:12 1:12 1:12 1:12 1:13 1:13 1:13 1:13 1:13 1:13 1:13 1:13 1:13 1:13 1:13 1:13 1:13 1:14 1:15 1:18 1:19 1:19 1:20 1:20 1:22 1:23 1:23 1:23 1:25 1:26 2 2 2 2:1 2:1 2:1-12 2:1-13 2:3 2:4 2:9 2:9 2:9 2:9 2:9-11 2:10 2:10 2:10 2:10 2:10 2:10 2:11 2:11 2:13 2:13 2:15 2:15 2:31 2:32 2:41 2:42 2:42 2:46 3 3:1 3:1 3:1 3:1 3:1 3:2 3:15 3:22 4:1 4:1 4:3 4:6 4:6 4:6 4:13 4:27 4:36 4:36 4:36 4:36 4:36 5:1-11 5:6 5:10 5:12 5:14 5:17 5:17 5:18 5:21 5:22 5:24 5:32 5:34 5:37 5:37 5:37 6 6 6 6:1 6:1 6:1-6 6:1-6 6:5 6:5 6:5 6:5 6:6 6:8 6:9 6:9 6:9 6:9 6:9 6:9 6:9 6:9 6:10 6:35-39 6:37 7 7:2 7:2 7:2 7:2 7:4 7:4 7:4 7:12 7:16 7:16 7:16 7:22 7:24-28 7:29 7:30 7:30-38 7:37 7:37 7:38 7:43 7:43 7:44 7:55 7:58 7:58 7:58 8 8:1 8:4 8:5 8:5 8:5-25 8:9 8:9 8:9 8:9-13 8:9-24 8:10 8:25 8:26 8:26 8:26 8:27 8:27 8:28 8:32 8:38 8:40 8:40 9:1-25 9:2 9:3-19 9:10-17 9:11 9:11 9:11 9:11 9:11 9:22 9:26 9:26 9:27 9:27 9:29 9:30 9:30 9:31 9:31 9:32 9:32 9:33 9:34 9:35 9:35 9:35 9:36 9:37 9:37 9:37 9:38 9:38-42 9:39 9:43 9:43 10:1 10:1 10:1 10:1 10:1 10:2 10:2 10:3 10:3 10:6 10:7 10:9 10:9 10:9 10:10 10:11 10:22 10:24 10:30 10:30 10:32 10:38 10:46 10:47 11:5 11:6 11:10 11:11 11:15 11:17 11:19 11:19 11:19 11:19-26 11:20 11:20 11:20 11:21 11:23 11:26 11:26 11:28 11:28 11:28 11:28-30 11:29 11:30 11:30 12:1 12:1 12:1 12:2 12:4 12:4 12:4 12:6 12:7 12:8 12:12 12:12 12:12 12:12 12:12 12:12 12:13 12:15 12:17 12:19 12:20 12:20 12:21 12:21 12:23 12:23 12:25 12:25 12:25 13:1 13:1 13:1 13:1 13:1 13:1 13:1 13:2 13:2 13:4 13:4-13 13:5 13:5 13:5 13:6 13:6 13:6 13:6 13:7 13:7 13:7 13:8 13:8 13:8 13:8 13:12 13:13 13:13 13:13 13:13 13:13 13:13 13:14 13:14 13:14 13:15 13:21 13:31 13:51 14:1 14:1 14:3 14:5 14:6 14:7 14:11 14:11 14:11 14:12 14:12 14:13 14:13 14:16-10 14:19 14:20 14:21 14:21 14:21 14:21 14:22 14:24 14:25 14:25 15 15:1 15:1 15:1-29 15:3 15:6 15:13 15:14 15:19 15:20 15:20 15:21 15:22 15:22 15:22 15:23 15:23 15:25 15:29 15:32 15:32 15:32 15:33 15:35 15:35-40 15:36 15:37 15:37 15:37 15:39 15:39 15:40 15:41 15:41 16:1 16:1 16:1 16:1 16:1 16:1 16:2 16:3 16:3 16:3 16:6 16:6 16:7 16:7 16:7 16:8 16:8 16:9 16:11 16:11 16:11 16:11 16:11 16:12 16:12 16:12 16:13 16:14 16:16 16:18 16:18 16:19 16:22 16:23 16:24 16:24 16:26-34 16:37 16:37 17:1 17:1 17:1 17:1 17:2 17:2 17:3 17:3 17:5 17:6 17:7 17:7 17:9 17:10 17:10 17:11 17:13 17:14 17:14 17:14 17:17 17:18 17:18 17:18 17:18 17:21 17:21 17:22-31 17:22-31 17:23 17:24 17:26 17:31 17:34 17:34 18:1 18:2 18:2 18:2 18:2 18:3 18:3 18:3 18:4 18:5 18:6 18:7 18:8 18:8 18:8 18:11 18:11 18:12 18:12 18:12 18:12 18:12-17 18:13 18:14 18:14 18:15 18:17 18:18 18:18 18:18 18:18 18:18 18:19 18:22 18:23 18:23 18:23 18:23 18:23 18:23 18:24 18:24 18:25 18:25 18:26 18:26 18:27 18:27 18:28 18:40 19 19:1 19:1 19:1 19:1 19:1-3 19:1-6 19:3 19:3 19:4 19:6 19:6 19:8 19:9 19:10 19:10 19:10 19:12 19:13 19:13 19:14-16 19:15 19:19 19:21 19:22 19:22 19:22 19:24 19:24 19:25 19:26 19:27 19:29 19:29 19:29 19:29 19:31 19:33 19:35 19:35 19:35 19:35 19:35 19:38 19:38 19:41 20:1 20:1 20:2 20:2 20:3 20:3 20:3-6 20:4 20:4 20:4 20:4 20:4 20:4 20:4 20:4 20:4 20:4 20:4 20:4 20:5 20:5 20:6 20:6 20:6 20:6 20:6 20:7 20:8 20:9 20:9 20:13 20:14 20:14 20:15 20:15 20:15 20:15 20:15 20:15 20:15 20:16 20:17 20:18 20:18-35 20:29 20:30 20:31 20:31 20:35 21:1 21:1 21:1 21:1 21:1 21:2 21:3 21:7 21:8 21:8 21:8 21:9 21:10 21:10 21:16 21:16 21:17 21:18 21:18 21:24 21:24 21:26 21:27 21:27-29 21:29 21:29 21:31 21:31 21:31-40 21:33 21:34-40 21:39 22:1 22:1 22:3 22:3 22:3 22:12 22:17 22:17-21 22:23 22:28 22:28 22:29 23 23:2-5 23:6 23:6 23:7 23:8 23:8 23:10 23:20 23:23 23:23 23:23 23:26 23:31 23:33 23:35 23:35 23:35 23:35 24 24:1 24:1 24:1 24:5 24:7 24:24 24:24 24:24 24:26 24:27 24:27 25:1 25:4 25:6 25:6 25:11 25:11 25:11 25:11 25:12 25:12 25:12 25:12 25:13 25:13 25:13 25:13 25:23 25:23 26:7 26:7 26:17 26:28 26:28 26:30 26:30 27 27:1 27:1 27:1 27:1 27:1 27:1-6 27:2 27:2 27:2 27:2 27:3 27:4 27:5 27:5 27:5 27:6-28 27:7 27:7 27:7-12 27:8 27:8 27:8 27:9 27:10 27:12 27:12 27:12 27:13 27:14 27:14 27:14 27:15 27:16 27:16 27:16 27:16 27:17 27:17 27:17 27:17 27:27 27:29 27:29 27:32 27:35 27:37 27:38 27:40 28 28:5 28:7 28:7 28:8 28:11 28:11 28:11 28:11 28:11-13 28:12 28:13 28:13 28:14 28:15 28:15 28:15 28:15 28:16 28:16 28:16 28:16 28:16 28:20 28:24 28:30 28:30 28:30 28:31 30 35
Romans
1:3 1:8 1:13 1:14 1:15 1:16 1:16 1:17 2:9 2:10 2:24 2:29 3:20 3:27 6:16 6:19 7:3 8:14-17 8:15 8:23 8:26 8:27 8:27 8:38 9:3 9:4 9:5 9:10 9:11-13 9:29 10:16 10:20 11:8 11:16-25 11:36 12:1 12:12 12:13 13:6 13:7 15:16 15:19 15:20 15:24 15:25 15:25-27 15:26 15:28 15:33 16:1 16:1 16:1 16:1 16:2 16:2 16:3 16:5 16:5 16:5 16:5 16:6 16:6 16:7 16:7 16:8 16:8 16:9 16:9 16:10 16:10 16:11 16:11 16:12 16:12 16:12 16:13 16:13 16:14 16:14 16:14 16:14 16:14 16:15 16:15 16:15 16:16 16:21 16:21 16:21 16:21 16:21 16:22 16:22 16:22 16:23 16:23 16:23 16:25-27 16:27 18:15 29:4
1 Corinthians
1 1:11 1:14 1:14 1:16 1:17 1:22-24 1:31 2:12 3:2 3:6 4:9 4:9 5:1 5:3 5:4 5:5 5:6-8 5:7 5:7 5:9 5:11 7:5 7:10 7:11 7:12 7:18 9:1 9:24 9:25 9:25 9:25 9:27 9:27 10:25 11:3 11:8 11:9 11:20 11:23 11:23-27 11:25 12 12:3 12:8-10 12:10 12:28 12:28 12:28-30 13:1 14:1 14:1 14:11 14:15 14:15 14:16 14:16 14:16 14:21 15:7 15:32 15:32 15:55 15:55 16:1-4 16:8 16:11 16:12 16:15 16:15 16:17 16:17 16:19 16:20 16:21 16:22 16:22 18:1 18:10
2 Corinthians
1:1 1:8 1:13 1:14 1:17-19 1:19 1:21 1:22 1:23 2:6 2:8 2:8 2:9 2:10 2:12 2:13 2:13 2:16 2:17 3:1 3:3 3:16 3:17 3:18 4:4 5:1-4 5:5 6:15 7:5 7:6 7:7 7:9 7:13-15 7:15 7:16 8:6 8:6 8:6 8:16-24 8:16-24 8:17 8:23 9:2 9:2 9:7 11:2 11:3 11:9 11:10 11:22 11:24 11:32 12:1 12:1-4 12:2 12:4 13:1 13:10 13:12 13:14 14:1
Galatians
1:1 1:2 1:9 1:11 1:17 1:17 1:18 1:18 1:18 1:19 1:21 1:21 1:22 2 2:1 2:3 2:9 2:10 2:10 2:11-14 3:17 3:17-24 4:4 4:4 4:5 4:5 4:13 4:13-15 4:24 4:25 4:28-31 5:2 5:11 5:12 6:11 6:12
Ephesians
1:5 1:14 1:21 2:2 2:20-22 3:14-21 4:11 5:19 5:22 5:33 6:2 6:12 6:12 6:12 6:18 6:20 6:21
Philippians
Colossians
1:1 1:2 1:7 1:7 1:8 1:9-15 2:8 2:16-23 3:11 3:11 3:15 3:16 3:18 3:19 4:7 4:8 4:9 4:9 4:10 4:10 4:10 4:10 4:10 4:11 4:11 4:11 4:11 4:12 4:13 4:13 4:14 4:14 4:15 4:15 4:16 4:16 4:16 4:16 4:17 4:17 4:18
1 Thessalonians
1:1 1:1 1:7 1:8 2:2 2:8 2:14 2:14 2:17-20 3:1-6 3:2 3:2-4 3:6-10 3:10 4:4-8 4:13-18 5:6 5:12 5:15 6:19 6:20
2 Thessalonians
1 Timothy
1:3 1:3 1:4 1:9 1:13 1:17 1:18 1:20 1:20 1:20 1:20 1:20 2:3-6 2:7 2:9 2:9 2:13 2:14 3:1 3:2 3:2 3:2 3:8 3:8-12 3:11 4:1 4:7 4:8 4:10 4:12 4:14 4:14 5:3-10 5:3-16 5:4 5:9 5:10 5:10 5:10 5:17 5:19 6:12 6:15 6:16
2 Timothy
1:4 1:5 1:5 1:5 1:5 1:6 1:11 1:15 1:15 1:15 1:16-18 1:18 2:5 2:5 2:6 2:9 2:17 2:17 2:18 3:8 3:9 3:11 3:11 3:13 3:15 3:17 4:5 4:6 4:7 4:8 4:8 4:9 4:10 4:10 4:10 4:10 4:11 4:11 4:11 4:11 4:12 4:13 4:13 4:13 4:13 4:13 4:14 4:16 4:17 4:18 4:19 4:19 4:19 4:19 4:20 4:20 4:20 4:21 4:21 4:21 4:21 4:21 4:21
Titus
1:4 1:5 1:5 1:5 1:8 1:8 1:9 1:12 1:14 1:14 2:3 2:4 2:5 3:10 3:10 3:12 3:12 3:12 3:13 3:13
Philemon
1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:2 1:2 1:2 1:2 1:3 1:3 1:3 1:3 1:4 1:4 1:4 1:4 1:4 1:4
Hebrews
1:14 2:10 3:1-19 3:8 4:8 5:1 5:1 5:9 5:12 6:1 6:1 6:16 6:19 7:1 7:1 7:1 7:2 7:2 7:6 7:14 8:2 8:5 9:2 9:3 9:4 9:5 9:7 9:7-25 9:9 9:13 9:14 10:19 10:20 10:20 10:22 10:33 11:11 11:17 11:17 11:19 11:20 11:20 11:21 11:22 11:25 11:26 11:31 11:32 11:32 11:32 11:32 11:33 11:33 11:34 11:34 11:37 11:37 12:1 12:5 12:6 12:16 12:16 12:17 12:22 12:22 12:23 12:24-29 13:2 13:4 13:15 13:16 13:20 13:21 13:23 13:24 27
James
1:1 1:1 1:2-4 2:2 2:2 2:3 2:15 2:19 2:19 2:21 2:25 3:7 5:2 5:4 5:7 5:7 5:12 5:13 5:14 5:14 6:4
1 Peter
1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:13 1:20 2:2 2:4-8 2:6 2:7 2:25 3:1-7 3:3 3:6 3:9 4:8 4:9 4:16 4:18 5:2 5:4 5:8 5:10 5:11 5:12 5:12 5:13 5:13 5:13 5:13 5:13 5:13 5:14
2 Peter
1:1-13 1:14-21 1:16 2:1 2:1-19 2:4 2:5 2:5 2:6 2:13 2:15 2:15 2:16
1 John
1:1-4 1:6 1:7 1:8 2:1 2:1 2:1 2:2 2:3 2:7 2:18 3:2 3:3 3:5 3:14 3:23 4:3 4:7 4:10 4:14 5:1 5:5 5:6
2 John
3 John
Jude
1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1
Revelation
1:4 1:8 1:8 1:9 1:10 1:11 1:11 1:11 1:11 1:11 1:13 1:14 1:16 1:20 1:20 2:1 2:1-7 2:6 2:6 2:7 2:8-11 2:12-17 2:13 2:13 2:14 2:14 2:14 2:15 2:15 2:17 2:18 2:18-29 2:20 2:21 3:1-6 3:7-13 3:8 3:14 3:14 3:14-22 3:18 4:3 4:3 4:3 4:3 4:3 4:6 4:6 5:1 5:1 5:2 5:5 5:5 5:8-14 6:6 6:6 6:6 6:11 6:12 7:5 7:5-7 7:6 7:6 7:6 7:8 7:9 8:1 8:3 8:4 8:13 9:7 9:9 9:11 9:11 9:14 9:17 9:17 10:1 10:1 10:2 11:3 12:3 12:3 12:4 12:7 12:7 12:7 12:9 12:9 12:9 12:9 12:16 12:17 13:1 13:2 13:8 13:18 14:1 14:8 14:20 15:2 15:6 16:12 16:13 16:14 16:16 16:16 17:4 17:4 17:9 17:10 17:12 17:17 17:18 18:2 18:12 18:12 18:12 18:13 18:21 18:22 18:23 19 19:6 19:7 19:8 19:12 19:15 19:20 20:13 21:1 21:2 21:2 21:6 21:9 21:10 21:11 21:16 21:18 21:18 21:19 21:19 21:19 21:19-21 21:20 21:20 21:20 21:20 21:20 21:20 21:20 21:21 21:21 21:21 21:21 22:13
Tobit
1:2 3:7 3:17 4:10 4:11 6:1 12:20 13:9-18 13:16 13:17 14:5 14:10 14:11 14:15
Judith
1:1-4 1:6 2:4 4:7 8:1 8:6 8:6 10:3 10:4 10:21 13:9 13:9 16:19
Wisdom of Solomon
Baruch
1 Maccabees
1:10 1:16 1:21 1:54 3 3:24 3:32 3:32 3:38 3:38 3:42 3:56 4 4:37 4:52-59 4:56 4:60 5:6 5:6 5:8 5:11 5:13 5:24 5:26 5:26 5:34-44 5:43 5:44 5:54 5:62 6:17 6:39 6:48 6:49 6:62 7:1 7:2-4 7:26 7:33 7:40 7:45 7:45 7:49 8:3 8:5 9:4 9:33 9:50 9:50 9:73 10:11 10:83 10:89 11:12 11:13 11:18 11:39 12:2 12:5 12:6 12:20 12:21 12:31 12:38 13:20 13:22 13:25 14:20 14:23 14:27 14:27 14:27 14:29 15:23 15:23 15:23 15:23 15:23 15:37 16:4 16:14 16:18
2 Maccabees
3:2 3:3 3:3 3:3 3:4 3:6 4:19 4:21 4:31 4:31-38 4:33 4:38 4:45 5:1 5:8 5:9 5:9 5:23 6:18 6:19 6:28 6:30 7:4 7:27 8:8 8:9 8:11 8:27 8:30 9:2 9:3 9:5-10 10:5-8 10:11 10:11 10:12 10:12 10:13 10:20 11:1 11:5 12:9 12:17 12:17 12:21 12:26 12:29 12:29 12:35 12:38 12:43 13:4 13:14 14:1 14:2 15:36
1 Esdras
1:8 1:9 3 5:6 5:12 5:12 5:14 5:17 5:18 5:29 5:30 6:34 8:32 8:40 8:44 8:47 9:14 9:28 9:33 9:34 9:38 9:43
2 Esdras
4:1 4:36 5:20 10:2 10:22 10:28 14:24 14:24
3 Maccabees
Sirach
1:3 3:30 6:21 13 24:15 24:15 24:16 24:30 24:31 27:5 28:23 32:1 32:2 32:6 38:1 38:3 38:8 38:12 38:28 39:14 40:24 43:6 43:7 43:11 43:20 45:9 46 47:18 48:24 49:4 50:25 50:26