LINDBERG, CONRAD EMIL: Lutheran; b. at Jonkoping (80 m. e. of Gothenburg), Sweden, June 9, 1852. He was educated at the gymnasium of his native city; Augustana College, Rock Island, Ill.; Augustana Theological Seminary (1872); and Philadelphia Lutheran Theological Seminary (1876). He was pastor successively of Zion Church, Philadelphia (1876-79), and Gustavus Adolphus Lutheran Church, New York (1879-90), being also president of the New York Conference of the Augustana Synod from 1879 to 1889. Since 1890 he has been professor of systematic theology, liturgies, and church polity at Augustana Theological Seminary, Rock Island, and has also been vice-president of the Augustana Synod (1899-1907), and vice-president of Auguetana College (1901-10), besides being a member of his synodical mission board since 1899 and a member of the committees on the Swedish and English catechism (1894-1902) and liturgy (1894-99). Theologically he belongs to the conservative wing, and he has written, bides many minor contributions, as to the Attgustarta Theological Quarterly (of which he was chief editor in 1900-02), the following treatises in Swedish: " Exegesis on the First Three Chapters of the Book of Revelation " (Chicago, 1883), " On Baptism " (New York, 1890), "Syllabus in Church Polity" (Rock Island, 1897), and "Dogmatics and History of Dogmas" (1898). In 1901 he was decorated by the king of Sweden with the Royal Order of the North Star.

MONOPHYSITISM AND THE ORIENTAL SEPARATED CHURCHES

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I. Monophysite Controversies.

Early Views on the Two Natures of Christ (§ 1).

Controversies between Judaising and Platonizing Schools (§ 2).

Struggle between Antiochene and Alexandrine Theology (§ 3).

Controversies of the Fourth Century (§ 4).

Conflict between Nestorius and Cyril of Alexandria (§ 5).

Condemnation of Nestorius (§ 6).

Unavailing Compromise between Antioch and Alexandria (§ 7).

The Eutychian Controversy (§ 8).

Adoption of the Creed of Chalcedon (§ 9).

II. The Separated Syrian Churches.

Creed of Chalcedon Rejected by the Syrians (§ 1).

Reasons for this Rejection (§ 2).

Fruitless Attempts at Reconciliation (§ 3).

Syrian Christology at this Period (§ 4).

Christology of Philoxenus (§ 5).

Modern Syrian Confession of Faith (§ 6).

III. The Separated Armenian Churches.

Reasons for Non-Representation at Ecumenical Councils (§ 1).

Hesitation to Accept the Creed of Chalcedon (§ 2).

Armenian Doubts on Leo's Letter to Flavian (§ 3).

Armenian Confession of Faith (§ 4).

Armenian Teaching on the Two Natures (§ 5).

Armenian Rejection of Eutychianiem (§ 6).

I. The Monophysite Controversies