WILBERFORCE, ERNEST ROLAND: Church Though a leader of the High-church party he strong. of England, bishop of Chichester; b. at Brightstone, ly opposed ritualistic innovations savoring of RoNewport, Isle of Wight, Jan. 22, 1840; d. at Bembridge (9 m. e. of Newport), Isle of Wight, Sept 9,1907. He was educated at Exeter College, Oxford (B.A., 1864); was ordered deacon (1864) and ordained priest (1865); was curate of Cuddesdon (1864-66), and of Lea, Lincolnshire (1866); rector of Middleton-Stony, Oxfordshire (1866-69); vicar of Sedorth, Lancastershire (1873-78); canon of Winchester and warden of the Wilberforce Missionary College, Winchester (1878-82). He was chaplain to his father while bishop of Oxford (1864-69), domestic chaplain to the same prelate while bishop of Winchester (1869-73), and sub-almoner to the queen (1871-82). In 1882 he was consecrated bishop of Newcastle, whence he was translated, in 1895, to the see of Chichester.

WILBERFORCE, SAMUEL: Church of England, bishop of Winchester, father of Ernest Roland Wilberforce (q.v.); b. at Clapham, London, Sept. 7, 1805; killed by a fall from his horse at Abinger (30 m. s.w. of London), Surrey, July 19, 1873. He was a son of the philanthropist William Wilberforce (q.v.), studied at Oriel College, Oxford (B.A., 1826; M.A., 1829; D.D., 1845), and took deacon's orders in 1828. After serving for a year and a half as curate-in-charge of Checkendon, Oxfordshire, he became rector of Brightstone, Isle of Wight, in Jan., 1840. In 1839 he was appointed archdeacon of Surrey, and in 1840 was collated canon of Winchester. At the close of 1840 he resigned Brightstone and accepted the living of Alverstoke, Hampshire. He was appointed chaplain to the prince consort in 1841, sub-almoner to the queen in 1843, dean of Westminster in Max., 1845, and bishop of Oxford the following October. Within a few months he had completely reorganized his diocese and overcome the unusual difficulties offered by the Oxford movement. He was an indefatigable preacher and a tireless worker in devising and carrying out plans to render the Church more efficient. He established a theological college at Cuddesdon and a training-college for schoolmasters at Culham; was for a time chaplain to the house of lords, and lord high almoner to the queen, 1847-69. He signed the remonstrance against the appointment of Renn Dickson Hampden (q.v.) to the see of Hereford, drew up the address of the bishops calling on John Colenso (q.v.) to resign his bishopric, started the agitation against Essays and Reviews, and secured a synodical condemnation of the volume. It was in connection with the famous controversy that he won the nickname of "Soapy Sam" (see Essays and Reviews). Soon after his elevation to the episcopate he became recognized as a power in the house of lords, where he took a prominent part in discussions on social and ecclesiastical matters. It was he who brought about the revival of Convocation (q.v.). In 1869 he was translated to the see of Winchester. - By a resolution offered in the upper house of the convocation of Canterbury Feb. 10, 1870, he started the movement for the revision of the kuthofi2ed Veniun, and until his death he pre isided over the revision of the New Testament.

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manism. In collaboration with his brother, Robert I. Wilberforce, he wrote The Life of William Wilberforce (5 vols., London, 1838; abridged, I voi 1868), and edited The Correspondence of WiUiam Wilberforce (2 voIs., 1840). Other works axe: Sermom Preached before the University of Oxford (3 vols., 1839-71); Agathos, and other Sunday Stories (1840); The Rocky Island, and other Parables (1840); His tory of the Protestant Episcopal Church in America (New York, 1844); Heroes of Hebrew History (London, 1870); Speeches on Missions (ed. H. Rowley, 1874); and Sermons Preached on Various Occasions (ed. J. R. Woodford, 1877).

Bibliography: The Life was written by A. R. Ashwell, vol. i., and R. G. Wilberforce (his son), vols. ii-iii., London, 1879, revised from the preceding by R. G. Wilberforce, 1888, who also wrote the account in Leaders of the Church, 1800-1900, ib. 1907. Consult also the Reminiscences of Thomas Mozley, London, 1882; J. B. Moisley's Letters, ib. 1885; J. W. Burgon, Lives of Twelve Good Men, 2 vols., ib. 1888; H. P. Liddon's Life of E. B. Puaey, 4 vols., ib. 1893-97;' Mary C. Church, Life and Letters of f Dean Church, ib. 1894; J. H. Overton, The Church in England, vol. ii. passim, ib. 1897; F. W. Cornish, The English Church in the 19th Century, 2 parts, passim, ib. 1910; E. Stock, English Church in the 19th Century,

passim, ib. 1910; DNB, W. 204-208.