WASHBURN, GEORGE: Congregationalist;.b. at Middleborough, Mass., Mar. 1, 1833. He was graduated from Amherst' College (A.B., 1855), and Andover Theological Seminary (1860). He was treasurer of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in Turkey (1860-fi8), with headquarters at Constantinople; professor of philosophy and political economy in Robert College, Constantinople (1869-1903); acting president (1871-77), and president (1877-1903). After a year in the United States he returned to service in Robert College in 1906. Theologically he " accepts the Nicene Creed and believes that the Old and New Testaments contain a revelation from God." His belief " centers in the person of Jesus Christ and in the work of his Spirit," but he does not believe that "the work of the Divine Spirit is limited by any, human creed whatsoever." He has had an important past in the religious and political development of the Balkan peninsula, and ~ has written extensively on topics connected with the region for various important reviews and journals. He wrote Fifty Years in Constantinople and Recollections of Robert College (Boston, 1909).

WASHBURN, ROBERT HOOSICK: Methodist Episcopalian; b. at Hoosick Falls, N. Y., Apr. 9, 1869. He was educated at Union College, Schenectady, N. Y. (B.A., 1889), Drew Theological Seminary, and Boston University (S.T.B., 1892), and from 1892 to 1906 held various pastorates in New York and Vermont. Since 1906 he has been professor of Hebrew and church history in Kimball College of Theology, Salem, Ore., and in 1906-07

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was also professor of philosophy in Willamette University in the same city. Theologically he is conservative, and besides being long a correspondent of The Northern Christian Advocate (Syracuse, N. Y.) has published a number of hymns and poems.

WASHINGTON, BOOKER TALIAFERRO: AfroAmerican educator; b. near Halesford, Franklin County, Va., 1858 or 1859. He was graduated from Hampton Institute, Hampton, Va., in 1875 and subsequently studied at Wayland Seminary, Washington, D. C. In 1880-81 he was a teacher at Hampton Institute, and since the latter year has been principal of the Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute, Tuskegee, Ala. In this position he has shown himself a master in the problem of the education and elevation of the negro race in America. He is a member of the National Municipal League, International Committee on the New Educational Movement, the American Peace Society, the Harmony Club of America, etc., and has written Future of the American Negro (Boston, 1899); Sowing and Reaping (1900); Up from Slavery (New York, 1901; new el 1910); Character Building (1902); Story of my Life and Work (1903).; Working xvith the Hands (1904); Tuskegee and its People (1905); Putting the Most into Life (1906); Life of Frederick Douglass (Philadelphia, 1907); The Negro in Business (Chicago, 1907); and The Story of the Negro (New York, 1909), besides collaborating with W. E. B. Du Bois in The Negro in the South (Philadelphia, 1907).