WEINEL, vai'nel, HEINRICH: German Protestant; b. at Vonhauaen (a village near Biidingen, 27 m. n.e. of Frankfort), Hesse, Apr. 29, 1874. He was educated at the universities of Giessen and Berlin (Ph.D., Giessen, 1898) and at the seminary for preachers at Friedberg, Hesse. He became privatdocent in the University of Berlin in 1899, in the following year went to Bonn as privat-docent and inspector of the Evangelical theological foundation there. In 1904 he became extraordinary professor of New-Testament exegesis at the University of Jena, and ordinary professor in 1907. Besides editing the collection known as Lebensfragen, Schriften and Reden (Tübingen,1904 sqq.,), he has written Die Wirkungen des Geistes und der Geister im nachaPostolischen Zeitalter bis auf Irenuus (Freiburg, 1899); Die Niehtkirchlichen und die freie Theologie (Tübingen, 1903); Jesus im neunzehnten Jahrhundert (1903); Die Gleichnisse Jesu (Leipsic, 1904); Paulus, der Mensch und sein Werk: Die Eritstehung der Kirche, des Christentums and des Dogmas (Tübingen, 1904; Eng. transl. by G. A. Bienemann, St. Paul, the Man and his Work, London, 1906); Die urchristliche un4 die heutige Mission (1907); Die Stellung des Urehristentum zum Staat (1908); Ibsen, Bjornson, Nietzsche, Individualismus and Christentum (1908); Ist dus liberale Jesubild uriderlegt i (1910); and Biblische Theologie des Neuen Testaments (1911).

WEINGARTEN, vain'gdr"ten, HERMANN: Church historian; b. at Berlin Mar. 12, 1834; d. at Popelwitz Sanitarium; near Breslau, Apr. 25, 1892. His determination to be a theologian, settled when he was but twelve years of age, was in part a result of influences arising in the family of his mother, her father being interested in the Berlin controversy concerning hymn-books, and her uncle being the missionary to the Hottentots, Leonhard Ebner, at whose house Hermann met many returned missionaries. Hermann received his early education in Berlin, then went in 1853 to Jena and Berlin for his theological studies, at the latter place taking his licentiate in 1857. The same year he received permission to teach in the theological faculty of Jena, and in 1858 became teacher at the' Joachimsthal Gymnasium, giving instruction in religion, Hebrew, German, French, and geography, and making a reputation as an excellent teacher; this post he combined with work as privat-docent at Berlin, and then became teacher at a Realschule in Berlin, going in 1873 as ordinary professor to Marburg, though he had in 1872 become subject to a nervous complaint from which he never recovered; in 1876 he was called to Breslau, where he labored till in 1886 he was stricken with paralysis, whic:_ practically ended his life-work.

His literary work began with his "programs" issued while he was at Berlin in 1861 and 1864. He was the author of Pascal als Apologet des Christenthums (Leipsic, 1863); Das Wonder der Erscheinung Christi (1867), a criticism of Strauss' Lebart Jesu für deutsche Volk, which can hardly become antiquated, so full is it of historical knowledge; Die Revolutionskirchen Englands (1868), in which a beginning was made of using in Gerlr. any the work of Carlyle; and especially of tile Zeittafellen uTul Ueberblicke zur

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Kirchengeschichte (Berlin, 1870; 6th ed. completely recast and brought down to date by Carl Franklin Arnold, Leipsic, 1905-[the standard work of its kind in German]). His later works will not have the permanence of his earlier productions, nor do they merit it, for instance, his Ursprung des Monchthums im nachconstantinischen Zeitalter (Gotha, 1877) being superseded by the studies of Bornemann, Harnack, Grützmacher, and others. He was the editor also of Richard Rothe's Vorlesungen über Kirchenge schichte. His lectures would probably richly repay printing, his knowledge of English and French, his sententious diction, and his clearness of treatment giving him eminence as a writer and lecture.

(F. Arnold.)