Vienna, Peace of

VICTRICIUS, vio-tr2'shi-us: Bishop of Rouen; d. before 409. He is said to have been a soldier and to have escaped execution as a deserter by miracle after he became a Christian. He went as missionary to the Morini and Nervii and became bishop about 393. He wrote a book, De laude sanctorum (in MPL, xx. 437-458), in the first chapter of which he states that at the call of his fellow bishops he went to Britain "to make peace" and accomplished his mission, " if not as he ought, yet as best he could." Nothing more is known of the incident, and Victricius' account is highly rhetorical. It is interesting as an illustration of the relations between the old British and the Gallic churches and in comparison with the mission of Germanus of Auxerre (q.v.) some thirty years later.

Bibliography: ASB, Aug., ii. 193-197; Ads sanctorum Belgii, i. 374-438, 6 vols., Brussels, 1783-94; A. Le Flaguais, in Mémoires des antiquaires de Normandie, vol. Bgii., p. xxiv.; Histoire littéraire de la France, ii. 752-754; MPL, xx.

437-438; DNB, iv. 1140.

VIENNA, PEACE OF: Treaty concluded in be half of Hungary June 23, 1606. Under Emperor Rudolph II. (1576-1608), the greater part of Hun gary had accepted the Reformation. But from the time of the importation of the Jesuits by the arch bishop of Colocza, George Draskovich, in 1578, these proceeded to operate against Protestantism. Per secutions opened in 1603 under Count Belgiojoso of Kaschau, imperial commander in upper Hun gary. When, therefore, the diet at Presburg in 1604 drafted a complaint in twenty-one articles, charging violation of the religious freedom, and for warded a copy of these resolutions to the emperor in Prague, Rudolph answered, under the instiga tion of his bishops and the Jesuits, in the form of a twenty-second article, which summarily rejected the grievances of the estates, renewed all mandates of the Roman Catholic religion, and threatened the penalties prescribed for heresies by the Roman canon law,.againat the future bearers of religious grievances before the national diet. The Protes tant persecutions were resumed with fresh zeal, notably under General Basta, to which opposition was first offered by the Reformed magnate, Stephen Botskai, at the head of the Protestants in Transyl vania. The disturbance spread to Hungary, and made such inroads that the Archduke Matthias was constrained to conclude the Peace of Vienna, repeal ing art. 22 of 1604, and guaranteeing complete re ligious freedom. Nevertheless, this by no means terminated the persecutions in Hungary in those times.

(E. Sehling.)

Bibliography: >Geschichte der eaangd%schen Kirche in Ungarn, pp. 145 sqq., Berlin, 1854; Die Lage der ProteaEanten in der oesterreichischen Monarclaie, 1855; Jahrbuch der Gesellschaft Jür die Geschichte des Protestantismus in Oeater- reich, iv (1883), 96 sqq.; Cambridge Modern History, iii. 720-721, New York, 1905.