ULRICH, ul'riH, SAINT: Bishop of Augsburg; b. at Augsburg 890; d. there July 4, 973. He was of noble birth and received his education at the monastery of St. Gall, returning to his native city a short time before the death of Adalbero of Augsburg (Apr. 28, 909). There the bishop appointed him chamberlain, but on the death of his patron Ulrich left Augsburg. When Hiltin died, however, Ulrich was consecrated bishop of Augsburg in his stead (Dec. 28, 923). As a spiritual lord he fortified his see city, and remained loyal to Henry I. and Otto I. In 955, when the Magyars ravaged the land, Ulrich succeeded in holding Augsburg against them until Otto could arrive with his army, and by his victory on the Lechfeld (Aug. 10, 955) annihilate the Magyar peril forever. He was now able to repair the ravages of war in his domains and to establish civil and religious order among his people. His bounty was equaled only by the devoutness of his private life and by the magnificence of, his lit= urgy, while his desire to obtain relies led him on long journeys, from which he brought back to Augsburg dubious remains of the soldiers of the Theban Legion (q.v.) from St. Maurice in Valais and the head of St. Abundus from Rome. He thrice made pilgrimage to Rome (910, 954, 971) .and showed much favor to monasticism, restoring monasteries and founding the nunnery of St. Stephen in Augsburg.

The grave of Ulrich gained a reputation as the scene of miracles,, and his constant companion in his later years, Gerhard, composed a Vita Sancti Oudalrici (ed. Waitz, in MGB, Script., iv.,. 184.1, 377-425) to which he was already able to add many signs and wonders. This biography was taken to Rome by Bishop Liutulf of Augsburg when he went there to gain for his predecessor the reverence of all Christendom; and in Feb., 993, John XV. issued a bull to the bishops and abbots of Gaul and Germany canonizing Ulrich.

The name of Ulrich is attached to a short polemic against celibacy entitled Rescriptio bead Udelrici ep4,stoke in qua papce Nicolao de continentia clericorum non juste sed impie, non cananice sed indiscrete tractanti its respondit. This pseudonymous composition was condemned by Gregory VII. in 1079, and seems to have been occasioned by the requirement of celibacy by the Roman synod of 1074. The use of the name Ulrich was certainly intended to imply the bishop of Augsburg, though between 1059 (when the third canon of the Lateran Synod discussed the problem of the celibacy of the clergy) and 1074 there were three Italian bishops named Ulrich: Ulrich of Imola,, of Benevento, and of Fermo. To Ulrich of Augsburg is also ascribed a Sermo aynodalis paroehianis presbyteris in. synodis enun,tiartdus (cf. MPL, cxxxv. 1069). This sermon is, however, merely a slight revision of the common Commonitorium cujusque episcopi.

(A. Hauck.)

Bibliography: >The sources: Vita by the monk Berno;

other Vita!, miracula, officium, tranalatio, etc., are to be found in ASM, v. 419-476; ASB, July, iv. 73-135; MGH, Script., iv (1841), 375-428; MPL, csaxv. 1001-09, 1059-1080, cxlii. 1183-1204. Consult: P. Braun; Geschichte von dem Leben urul den Wurulerwerken des . . , heiligen Ulricks, Augsburg, 1796; T. Nelk, Lebensgeschichte des heiligeu Bischofs Ulrich, Augsburg, 1831; O. Rommel, in ForsehunBeu zur deutschen Geschichte, iv. 121-15$, Göttingen, 1864; K. Raf$er, Der heilige Ulrich Bischof von Augsburg, 2d ed., Munich, 1870; J. Loch, Geschichte und Cult des heiligen Ulrich, Bisekofs von Augsburg, Halle, 1875; J. N. StOtzle, Leben des heiligen Ulrich, 2d ed., Augsburg, 1880; B. Meyr, S. Ulrich and Afra; .t2.t Daten aus der Geselzichte ihres Lebens und ihrer Kirche, ib. 1888; C. Bruckner, StudienzurGeschichte der silchsischen Kaiser, Basel, 1889.