TRULLAN SYNODS: Two synods held in 680 and 692 in the council chamber of the imperial palace at Constantinople, which had an oval vaulted roof (hence the name, Gk.-Lat., troullos, troulla, " bowl "). The first of these, the sixth ecumenical council, was convened by the Emperor Constan tinus Pogonatus, and in eighteen sessions endeav ored to allay the controversies aroused by the Monothelites (q.v.). The second Trullan synod was convened by Justinian II. to complete, and form one council with, the two ecumenical coun cils of 553 and 680. It issued 102 canons, some of which excited the antagonism of the Western Church. It also ignored almost entirely Western synods, thus disregarding all enactments of the popes. The thirteenth canon sanctioned the mar riage of the clergy. The thirty-sixth canon, though ranking the patriarch of Constantinople after the pope, made him equal in power and privileges.

The fifty-fifth canon repeated the Eastern prohibition of fasting on the Saturdays in Lent; the sixty-seventh forbade the eating of blood or of suffocated animals; and the eighty-second prohibited the use of certain pictures of Christ as the Lamb of God, particularly those in which John the Baptist was also represented. Though the legates of Pope Sergius I. signed the canons of the synod, when Justinian demanded the signature of Sergius L, the latter refused and absolutely rejected the canons of the synod, because the authority of Rome was lessened. Yet a definite pronouncement of the church was never delivered. Hadrian L, in 785, spoke as if he approved them, but John VIII. (872-882), while not specifically rejecting any canons, declined to approve any which were contrary to former canons, to papal decrees, or to good morals. The Greek Church, on the other hand, has always recognized the Trullan canons as the valid measures of an ecumenical council.

(A. Hauck.)

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