TRIEBS, FRANZ: German Roman Catholic; b. at Gross-Glogau (58 m. n.w. of Breslau) Nov. 7, 1864. He was educated at the universities of Breslau and Münster (1883-87; D.D., Münster, 1888), and after being a parish priest in Waldenburg (Silesia), Merzdorf, Schönau, Schwedt, and Miltisch, 1888-95, resumed his studies at Bonn (1895-97; Ph.D., 1897), and at Berlin (1897-1900), being at the same time engaged in parochial work in the latter city. In 1902 he became privat-docent for canon law in the University of Breslau, where he was appointed to his present position of extraordinary professor of the same subject in 1905, being made consistorial councilor in 1908. He has written Veteris Testamenti de Cherubim doctrina (Münster, 1888) and Studien zur Lex Dei, i. ii. (Freiburg, 1905-07), besides editing Salih ibn al-Husain's Liber decem quæstionum contra Christianos (Bonn, 1897).

TRIGLAND, JACOBUS: Dutch Reformed; b. at Vianen (7 m. s.s.w. of Utrecht) July 22, 1583; d. at Leyden Apr. 5, 1654. Of Roman Catholic parentage, he was brought up by relatives at Gouda, and sent, in 1597, to some priests at Amsterdam to study theology. Toward the end of 1598 he removed to Louvain, where doubts arose in his mind which ultimately led him to break with the ancient faith. He was entrusted with a mission to Haarlem by the head of the collegium pontificium, and never returned to Louvain. After a few weeks at Gouda, where his foster relations rejected him, he sought refuge in the house of his parents, where he studied Reformed tenets, meanwhile seeking occupation to gain his livelihood. In 1602 he was made rector of the school at Vianen, and in the following year entered the Reformed Church. Having prepared privately for the ministry, he was ordained pastor at Stolwijk in 1607; and was pastor at Amsterdam, 1610-34. Here, in 1614, he began a noteworthy activity in affairs of Church and State which ended only with his death. In 1617 he received leave of absence to the Reformed church at The Hague, and was a deputy of the provincial synod of North Holland to the Synod of Dort, which appointed him a member of the committee to draw up the Canons of Dort. Trigland was professor of theology at Leyden, 1634-54, lecturing on the exegesis of the Old Testament, on the loci communes, 1639-50, and later on "cases of conscience." He was also pastor of the Reformed church at Leyden (1637-45).

The writings of Trigland, which are dogmatic and polemic, reveal him as a man of intense convictions, rigid dogmatism, and great learning in Scripture and the Reformed theology, but also as passionate, intolerant, and haughty, traits which caused him bitter enemies. Yet his hostility, manifested particularly against the Remonstrants, did not come from love of strife, but from sincere feeling that their teachings were pernicious and not to be allowed. This is most plainly shown in his Den rechtghematichden Christen (Amsterdam, 1615). In his Verdedigingh van de Leere end' Eere der Ghereformeerde Kerken, ende Leeraren (1616) he defends the Reformed dogmatics. He sturdily opposed civil intervention in ecclesiastical affairs in his Antwoordt op drij vraghen dienende tot advys in de huydendagsche kerklijke swarigheden (1615), and his Christelijcke ende nootwendighe verclaringhe (1615). After the Synod of Dort, 1618-19, he continued to work

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against the Remonstrants, producing, Christelijcke ende vriendelijcke vermaninge (2 parts, 1623); De kracht der godtsaligheydt (1631); and three treatises resulting from the discussions aroused by the latter book: Trina Dei gratis, nimirum, electionis, sanotificationis, eonservationis applieata, confirmata et indicates (1636); Disputatio theologica de civili et ecclesiastics potentate (1642); and the posthumous Antapologia, live examen algae refutatio totius apologice Remonstrantium (Harderwijk, 1664). The Roman Catholics he attacked with his Valschen Roam den pausdoms (1631), Los gebouw den pausdoma (1633), and Bodemlooze pausdom (1638), all against the papacy. He was best known, however, for his Kerkelijcke geschiedenissen (Leyderi, 1650), in which, while giving a long-desired history of the growth of Protestantism in Holland, he attacked the Remonstiants with his accustomed bitterness, especially the anonymous apology, Kerkelijcke historic of J. Uytenbogaert (Rotterdam, 1646). The work was joyfully received by the Reformed Church, but the states-general of Holland declined to accept the dedication, and at Amsterdam its sale was forbidden. All the writings of Trigland previous to 1640 were published in chronological order under the title, Opuscula Jacobi Triglandi (3 vols., Amsterdam, 1640).

S. D. Van Veen.

Bibliography: The funeral oration by J. Coeeeius, in the latter's Opera, iv. 48 sqq., Amsterdam, 1701; H. w. Ter Haar, Jacobus Trigland, The Hague, 1891.