There are in China, according to Die katholixhe %irde, p. 258, 39 vicariates and 2 prefectures, in the five following groups: (1) Pechili (1. North, 2. East, 3. Southwest, 4. Southeast); Manchuria (5. South, 8. North, 7. East); Mongolia (S. East, 9. Central, 10. Southwest) and 11. North Honan. (2) 12. Kuljs; 13. Ksnsu; Shensi (14. North and 15. South); 16. Shansi (according to Missions# Cathol ics there are two vicariatee, North and South, both under Franciscans); and Shantung (17. North, I8. East, 19. South). (3) 20. Che-Kiang; 21 South Honan; Hunan (22. North, 23. South); HUpe (24. Northwest, 25: East, 28. Southwest); 27. Kiangnan; Kiangsi (28. North, 29. South, 30. EsA). (4) -31. Kweichow; Ssechuen (32. Northwest, 33. East, 34. South); '35. Yunnan; 38. Tibet. (5) 37. Fukhisn; 38. Amoy; S9. Hongkong; and the prefectures 40. Kwangsi and 41. Kwangtung. The missions are carried on by the following organisations, whose fields are indicated by the affixed numbers.
Priests. Converts. 2. Ln:aris arieta (I-3, Seminary 20, 213-30)8.,40 41) 1151 28.583 3. Jesuits (4, 27) . .. . 188 188,921 4. Frio (14,18-18,23-28) . .. .. . 128 109,428 5. Dominicans (37, 38) 43 42,684 8. Augustinians (22) 8 215 7. Milanese Seminary (11, 21, 39) .. .. . 39 22,200 8. Roman Seminary (lb) . 13 9,180 9. ficheutveld Con ation (8-10, 12, 13). 84 30,3,12 10. Steyl Seminary (19 33 15,252 Total 942 782,758
The Missions# Catholicar gives the following figures: 720..540 converts, 734 Stations, 904 priests, 471 native priests, 3.584 schools, 85,990 scholars, 239 sisters. (Evangelical: 205,747 converts 478 stations, 973 missionaries, 297 native plttOrl, 1,823 schools; 37,057 scholars.)
Korea (q.v.) received, in 1784, the first missionaries, who soon obtained numerous adherents. Bitter persecution, in which three bishops and eleven priests were martyred, hindered all 7. Korea further development. In 1831 the and Japan. vicariate was founded and assigned to the Paris Seminary. Since Japanese influence has supplanted that of China and there is greater security in the land, the Roman Catholic mission is rapidly spreading. The Miasionea Cathol icae gives the following figures: 35 stations, 39 priests, 9 native priests, 59 schools, 481 scholars.
Francis Xavier began the mission in Japan in 1549, but had little success. His followers were able to connect their interests with those of a political party, whose victory they shared. Numerous missionaries came to the land and gained as many as 600,000 converts. A change in the political situation resulted in severe persecutions, and in 1641 the last missionaries were removed from the country. Only after America had brought about the opening of the empire was the mission renewed. The missionaries of the Paris Seminary work in four dioceses: the archdiocese of Tokyo and the dioceses of Osaka, Nagasaki, and Hakodate.
Out of a population of 47,812,138 there are 56,453 Roman Catholics, 88 stations, ilb priests, 32 native priests, 38 schools 2,828 scholars (among these 2,041 girls), 35 lay brothers, and 109 sisters are reported. (Evangelical: 145 stations, 237 missionaries, 297 native pastors, 85,715 Christisne, 104 schools, 7,141 scholars-among these 851 girls.)
For all Asia: 2,988,142 Roman Catholics * (1,583,798 Evangelionl Christians), 1,980 stations (1,832), 2,348 priests (2,832), 1,868 native priests (5,809), 8,358 schools (1.0,788), -scholars t (413,428).
8. America: In this treatment account is taken only of missions to Negroes and Indians; no consideration is given to the growth of the Church among the white population, of which Miasionea Catholicm reports a membership of 10,309,970.
The Roman mission to the/Indiana, according to the reports of the Miwionm Catholicta, must be a very limited one. From many regions once be- longing to Spain, a number of Roman 1. United Catholics from an earlier period are States and noted, with the remark that they have British entirely relapsed into barbarism. Con North cerning other regions see the appended Âmerica. tables; Die katholische Kirche counts 98,638; the Year Book treating of the Indian regions, 74,468. These later figures can be reached only by including the older adherents who have relapsed into barbarism (the Evangelical Indiana number 74,468). Little can be learned regarding the success of the mission among the Ne. groes; the Misaionea Catholiete .contains only, iso lated statements. According to Die katholieche Kirche, in 25 dioceses, out of 4,914,000 Negroes there are 145;000 Roman Catholics, with 46 churches, 48 priests, 111 schools, and 8,533 scholars. At an early period Jesuits from the French colony did zealous mission work among the Indians of British North America (see Indians of North Amrrica,
* The 534 000 Roman Catholics who are not subject to the Propaganda. but under Portuguese jurisdiction, and the 8,560,000 said to be in the Philippines are omitted.
+ The statistics regarding scholars are so imperfect that they can not be reckoned
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Mlssiorrs w); under English rule the work was paralysed, but it was taken up again in the nineteenth century by oblates of the Immaculate Conception, who followed the Canadian fur-hunters on their extensive journeys, and were spurred on by the growing Evangelical mission. While in the archdioceses of Quebec and Toronto most of the Indiana were already Roman Catholics, to the wild tribes in the icy West the Gospel was carried. On the Red River, the Roman Catholic and Evangelical missions worked side by side. There is now the flourishing province of Manitoba, with 400,000 inhabitants. Statistics do not show how many of the 35,000 Indians are Roman Catholics. Besides the archdiocese of St. Bonifacius, the diocese of St. Albert and the vicariate of Saskatchewan and At.habasca-Mackenzie have been formed in the West -the last-named reaches up to the Polar Sea, Beyond the Rocky Mountains the diocese of New Westminster has been founded. Among its 30,000 Roman Catholics there are, according to the Afiwionea Catholicce,15,000 Indians. Oblates of the Immaculate Conception work everywhere, but accurate statistics in regard to their activity are not to be had.
The following table is taken from the Ofcdal Catholic Directory for 1908:
Archdoooesee, ~.~° o $ g deli cue Diooeses M a p, . and ,; Vioanates. Alaska . . . . 29,000 5,0001310 184 Jesuits, Lay Jam Baker City 3,200 1,00· 1 1 2 95 JeB , Lay Boiss . . 4,500 1,400 4 4 a 188 JeB=l Lay Brownsville Fargo Grand Rapids 2,950 2,150 7 8 2 125 Green Bay 3,1 1,400 5 4 1 190 Franciscans Oklahoma . 98,011 3,400 13 8 14 819 BeBnedictine, ros. Sao red Heart Omaha 18,000 6,0001811 3 630 JerBene· Lead ty . . . . Marquette . . . . 1, 1,040 5 1 1 48 Jesuits NesqualLv . . . 10,000 3,590 1 8 4 864 Jesuits 2 Ox ~Wty . . 1 300 1 795 $ancieoo 628 828 4 5 a Santa FA . . . . 18,000 2 .220 Superior ' 2,878 18 4 8 401 Francans Tu= . . . . . . 3§ 3,000 8 5 3 871 Franciscans Totals . . . . . 202,17 49,194 98 8b 50 4,430The regions colonised by the Spaniards and Portuguese were won at. that time for Roman Catholic Christianity through the labors of the Franciscans and Dominicans. Later came the 2. I.stfa Jesuits, who had in many cases great America apparent success. With the suppresand the sion of the order, their institutions deWest Indies.ca,yed and the converts were scattered and lapsed into heathenism. However, in course of time, a portion of the Indiana in this region gained a certain civilization and at the same time adopted the Roman Catholic forms. On the whole, the region appears to be Christianized, but the conditions are entirely unsound. The educational level of the clergy is incredibly low and the VIL-28
general morality is degraded. In many of then lands nothing is done for those who are still heathen. In Mexico, there are now more than- 12,000,000 Roman Catholics, namely, 2,000,000 Spanish Creoles, 4,000,000 Indians, and 70,000 Negroes, the remainder being half-breeds; only 200,000 Indians are still heathen, and apparently no mission work is done among them. On the other hand, it may be remarked that several Protestant denominations in the United States carry on a successful work of propagandism among the Roman Catholic population. In Central America there are said to be still 1,200,000 Indiana out of a population of 3,000,000. They are for the most part Roman Catholics; but here also there are uncivilized Indiatls, among whom mission work is apparently not carried on. Although the whole region is under the Propaganda, only Honduras is noted in the Missiones Catholicte. Here Jesuits report 19,000 Roman Catholics; whether work is done among the heathen is not stated. In the church provinces of the Antilles, missions to the heathen can hardly be expected: The Misaiones Catholicas gives the following statistics:
Roman Inhabitants. Catholics. Vicariate of Jamaica 727,830 18,000 Ad. Port of Spain (Trinidad, Tobago Grenada, St. Vincent and Sta. Lucia) 39!,000 180,8!0 D. Roseau Dominim, Antigua, Barbuda, St. Thomas, St. Croix, etc.) . .. .. . 148,000 50,000 Vicariate of Curacao 48,190 $8,200 Besides the Jesuits, Dominicans and Redemptionists labor there. The principal activity is in the direo tion of making conversions among the Evangelical Negro population. The other islands of the Greater Antilles are not noted in the Miasionea Catholics?. In South America, the same source reports for Guiana and'Patagonia the following statistics: Roman Inbabitante. Catholics. 1. V'wariate of Desueran (with the Bar- bados) : 200.000' 500 On the mainland ; 280,000 23,500 2. Vicariate Surinam (R.edemptionuts). 84,000 17 000 3. Prefecture of Cayenne . . . . . . . .. 31,000 29;000Patagonia has the two apostolic vicariates, North and South Patagonia, in which the Salesians work. Beside 103,000 Roman Catholics and 5,700 Protestants there are here 1,500 Indians; nothing is said regarding a mission to them. Franciscans and Capuchins do mission work among the Indians of South America. In Chili there are stations in Chillan and in the island of Chiloe, whence work is done among the Araucanisns of the mainland. The Capuchins have in Amuco, Valdivia, and I.Isaquihue 28,700 converts. In Bolivia an Indian mission is mentioned (Tarija, La Paz, Tarata, Sucre and Potosi, the last with 4,000 adherents). In Brash,. the mission undertaken in 1870 was almost den-. troyed by the downfall of the empire, but recently it has been actively pushed. Here the Capuchins work and they have 20,350 converts among 500,000 heathen. The number of heathen Indians in South America is estimated at two millions. The statistics regarding Roman missions in America are so incomplete and inexact that a statistical summary, similar to that given for other parts of the world, is impossible. All that can be said is that in America, according to attainable information, there are 544,402 Roman Catholic converts from heathenish
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(Evangelicals, 813,700, excluding the Negroes of the United States).
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