MIND CURE. See Psychotherapy.

MINDEN, BISHOPRIC OF: A Saxon bishopric, organized in the eighth century. Its first bishop, Hercumbert or Ercambert, is probably the same as the "Ercanperachtes episcopus" whose signature is appended to a document at Fulda, assigned to the year 796. He was very likely a monk of Fulda who became the leader of the mission sent out from there for work in Saxony. The original boundary of the Minden diocese was the same on the east and west as that of the district of Engern or Angria on both banks of the Weser; on the south it ran from a little to the north of Herford to cross the Weser north of Korvey; and on the north it ran along the watershed to the left of the Weser, while to the northeast it reached the LVneburg moors. After the erection of the metropolitan see of Cologne it was subject to the jurisdiction of the archbishop of that see.

(A. Hauck)

The internal history of the diocese has little general interest. Under the fifty-third bishop, Francis II. of Waldeck (1530-53), the Reformation made great progress, owing partly to his unworthy life and that of his predecessor Francis I., son of Duke Henry of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel. The Lutherans gained possession of all the churches in the city except the cathedral, and Minden joined the Schmalkald League. After the rule of three more bishops of the ducal house, Julius (1553-54), who became duke himself and resigned, George, his uncle (1553-1566), and Duke Henry Julius, also bishop of Halberstadt (1582-85), the diocese had become almost wholly Protestant. By the Peace of Westphalia the secular jurisdiction was assigned to Brandenburg. At the reorganization of the German dioceses in 1821, the territory of Minden, which had been hitherto administered by the northern vicariate, was divided between the dioceses of Paderbom and Hildesheim.

Bibliography: The sources are: H. A. Erhard, Reeeta historim Weetfalia, vols. i.-ii., Münster, 1847-51; West-

falischee Urkundenbuch, vol. vi., ed. H. Hoogeweg, ib. 1898 (these two bring the history down to 1300 A.D.). Consult: L. A. T. Holscher. Beschreibung des roornwlipen Bistums Minden, ib. 1877; C. Eubel, Hierorchia catholica medii aroi, 2 vols., ib. 1$98-1901; Rettberg, KD, ii. 448; Hauck, KD, ii. 390-391, 405-408.

MINER, ALONZO AMES: American Universalist; b. at Lempster, N. H., Aug. 17, 1814; d. in Boston June 14, 1895. He received an academical education and after teaching at various academies was ordained in 1839. He was pastor at Methuen, Mass. (1839-42); Lowell (1842-48); and Boston (1848-91). He was president of Tufts College, Mass., from 1882 to 1875, and at one time was editor of the Star of Bethlehem. He was well known as a lecturer on slavery and on temperance. Besides numerous pamphlets he wrote Old Forts Taken (Boston, 1878).