MARGARET, SAINT: Queen of Scotland; b. in Hungary c. 1045; d. at Edinburgh Nov. 16, 1093. She was of the royal family . of England, granddaughter of Edmund Ironside, the last Eng lish king before the Danish usurpation (d. 1016). Her father and his brother were sent out of the country by Canute, and, as tradition has it, ulti mately came to Hungary and there Margaret was born. She probably accompanied her father to England in 1057. Her marriage with Malcolm III. of Scotland took place in-1067 according to some authorities, in 1069 or 1070 according to others. She applied to Lanfranc, archbishop of Canterbury, for instruction in the way of God's service, became distinguished for her austere and ascetic life, and did much to introduce Roman Usages into the Scot tish Church.

Bibliography: A Vita, by a contemporary, probably her confessor, Turgot, is in ASB, June, ii. 320-340 an Eng. transl. of which is edited by W. Forbes-Leith, 3d ed., Edinburgh 1896. Consult: W. F. l3kene, Celtic Scot land, n. 344-354 Edinburgh, 1877; W. J. Rees, Lives of the Cambro-British Sainte, pp. 219-231;, 540-553; Llan dovery, 1853; A. P. Forbe, Kalendara of Scottish Saints, pp. 387-391, Edinburgh, 1872.

MARGARET, SAINT: One of the Helpers in Need (q.v.).

MARGARITA: The term applied in the Greek Church to the vessel containing the consecrated host, while the portions of the host reserved for the sick by the priests in special receptacles are called margaritai (" pearls "). These margaritai are then placed in the consecrated wine, dipped from it with a spoon, and given to the sick.

MARGOLIOUTH, mSr"go-if uth, MOSES: Church of England; b. at Suwalki (150 m. n.e. of Warsaw), Poland, Dec. 3, 1820; d. in London Feb. 25, 1881. Of Jewish parentage he pursued rabbinical studies in Poland, but having been induced on a visit to England in 1837 to read the Hebrew New Testament he embraced Christianity and was baptized in Apr., 1838. He entered Trinity College, Dublin, in Jan., 1840, and was ordained curate of St. Augustine's, Liverpool, in 1844. He served in many places as curate and vicar and in 1877 became vicar of Little Linford, Buckinghamshire. He wrote many books, chiefly on Hebrew subjects. His chief works are: Fundamental Principles of Modern Judaism (London, 1843); Pilgrimage to the Home of my Fathers (2 vols., 1850); History of the Jews in Great Britain (3 vols., 1851); Curates of Riveradale (3 vols., 1860); Vestiges of the Historic Anglo-Hebrews in East Anglia (1870); and Poetry of the Hebrew Pentateuch (1871).

Bibliography: Consult: Margoliouth's Curates of Riversdale, ut sup.; the autobiography prefixed to his Fundamental Principles of Modern Judaism, ut sup.; and DNB, xxxvi. 159.