MARQUARDT, JULIUS: German Roman Catholic; b. at Plasawich (37 m. s.w. of Königsberg), East Prussia, Mar. 24, 1849. He was educated at the Lyceum of Braunsberg and the universities of Münster (lie. theol., 1874), Würzburg, and Munich. In 1874 he became privat-docent at Braunsberg, where he was appointed associate professor of moral theology in 1878 and promoted to a full professorship of the same subject in 1882. He became a canon of Frauenburg in 1900 and since 1903 has been honorary professor of moral theology at Braunsberg. In addition to a number of briefer contributions, he has written Cyrillus Hierosolyrnitanu8 baptiami, chrismatis, eucharistim mysterimrum interprm (Leipsic, 1882).

MARQUETTE, JACQUES: Roman Catholic missionary and explorer and discoverer of the Mississippi; b. at Laon (87 m. n.e. of Paris), France, in 1637; d. in Michigan near the Marquette River May 18, 1675. He entered the Society of Jesus in 1654; became priest in .1666, and the same year went to Canada, taking up his residence among thp Algonquin and Huron Indians and studying their languages; in 1668 he went to Lake Superior to Sault Sainte Marie, renewing there the abandoned mission first established in 1641, where he built a church and made many converts; later he moved to La Pointe du St. Esprit, and then .in 1671 to Mackinaw, where he founded the mission of St. Ignatius; in 1673 he joined the expedition of Louis Joliet, keeping a diary which is of permanent interest (Voyage et d6couverte de quelques Pays et nations de l'Amusrique Septemtrionale, printed often, e.g., in M. Thevenot, Reoueil dq voyages, Paris, 1681; Eng. transl. in J. G. Shea, Discovery, and, Exploration of the Mississippi, New York, 1852); in 1674 he started to establish a mission, under orders, in Illinois, but was taken ill on the way, and did not reach Kaskaskia until the following spring, where he accomplished his object; the following year he set out for Mackinaw, being compelled by illness to leave Kae-

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and died on the way. His grave was discovered at Point St. Ignace, Mich., in 1877.

Bbibliography: R. G. Thwaites, Father Marquette, New York, 1902; idem in Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents, Cleveland, 1896 sqq.; J. Sparks, Library of American Biography, vol. x., Boston, 1838; H. H. Hurlbut, Father Marquette at Mackinaw and Chicago, Chicago, 1878; S. Hedges, Father Marquette, Discoverer of the Mississippi, New York, 1903.