MARLORAT DU PASQUIER, mdr"18"r8' du pas"ky6', AUGUSTIN: French Reformer; b. at Bar-le-Duc (158 m. e. of Paris) about 1506; executed at Rouen Oct. 31, 1562. At the age of eight he was placed in an Augustinian monastery, where he took the vows and was ordained priest in 1524. Nine years later he peas abbot of a monastery at Bourges, but, becoming indoctrinated with the principles of Protestantism, he was forced to flee from France in 1535 and took refuge in Geneva, where he gained a precarious living as a proof-reader for Greek and Hebrew. At the recommendation of Viret he was appointed to a pastorate in Crissier near Lausanne, and there married. From Crissier he was called to Vevey, where he remained until 1559. The dismissal of Viret in the controversy on excommunication, however, led Marlorat, who approved the rigidly Calvinistic procedure, to resign, and after a brief sojourn in Geneva he was sent in July to Paris as pastor of the Evangelical congregation there. After a year he accepted a call to Rouen as first preacher. In that city, three years previously, the Protestants had formed a community of their own and were still struggling to secure the right to hold public services. On the accession of Charles IX. in Dec., 1560, they addressed a petition, written by Marlorat, to the parliament and the king, requesting permission to use a church. The petition was refused, but the 10,000 Protestants of Rouen felt themselves able to defy the edict of July 25, 1561, and hold their services in the balls of the ancient tower. Marlorat likewise addressed a printed petition to Catharine de' Medici, in which he asserted the loyalty of the Protestants, and in August of the same year he was summoned to Poissy to attend the religious disputation to be held there. In this conference Marlorat was an important figure, and in the debates with the doctors of the Sorbonne, in Jan., 1562, on images, baptism, and similar points of controversy, he was one of the three spokesmen of the Protestants.

Returning to Rouen, Marlorat presided over the provincial synod held on Jan. 25, 1562. After the massacre at Vassy on Mar. 1, 1562, the Protestants of Rouen resolved to seize their city. On the night of Apr. 15 they carried out their purpose, and Marlorat was appointed one of the three heads of the new government, which still professed to be loyal to the king. Rouen was speedily fortified, and on May 27 the city was invested by an army under the command of the Duc~d'Aumale, who, however, was forced to retire on June 12. On Sept. 29 a second force led by Charles himself, Anthony of Navarre, and others appeared before the city. Rouen was gradually reduced, but Montgomery, who commanded the besieged, like Marlorat, would accept no terms which did not include free exercise of the Protestant religion, and on Oct. 26 the city was carried by storm. Marlorat and his family were captured and imprisoned. Three days later he was tried before the parliament on the charge of high treason, and on Oct. 30 was condemned to be exe- cuted before the church in which he had lately preached, the sentence being carried out on the following day.

The chief works of Marlorat were: Novi Testa menti catholica expositio ecclesiastics (Geneva, 1561); similar commentaries on Genesis (1561), the Psalms., and the Song of Solomon (1562); posthumous com mentaries on Isaiah (1564) and Job (1585); and especially his concordance, Thesaurus in locos com munes rerum, dogmatum . . et phraseon . . . or dine alphabetico digestus (ed. W. Fenguereius, London, 1574). English translations were made of his commentary on Mark and Luke by T. Timme (London, 1583), on John by the same (1575), on II and III John by N. Baxter (1578?), and on Revelation by A. Golding (1574). Marlorat like wise prepared the index to the lnatitutio of Cal vin, which has since formed an integral portion of the work.

(T. Schott†.)

Bibliography: T. Beza, Hist. eccl., vol. i. passim, ii. 610 sqq., Antwerp, 1580; CR, vols. xvii-xxi. passim. Sketches of the life have been written by C. D. Kromayer, Strasburg, 1851; in Bulletin de la eocigtM de l'histoire du protektantime francais, vi (1857), 109 sqq.; and by Osmont de Courtisigny, Caen, 1862. Consult also H. M. Baird, Hist. of the Rise of the Huguenots, i. 509, 539, 180, London, 1880.