Manegold of Lautenbach

MANEGOLD OF LAUTENBACH: German Augustinian monk; b. about 1060; d. after 1103, probably on May 24. At an early age he entered the cloister of Gebweiler in Alsace, but when it was destroyed by partizans of Henry IV., he went, after a period of wandering, to Bavaria about 1086, and found refuge in the cloister of Raitenbach. After 1090 he lived in the cloister of Marbach, near Colmar in Alsace, ultimately becoming prior, and opposing Henry to the very last. The great importance attached to the pamphlet of the scholastic Wenrich of Troves (q.v.) moved Manegold to compose his Labor ad Gebehardum (MGH, Lib. de lite, i., 1890, 308-430), dedicated to Archbishop Gebbard of Salzburg, and written in the lifetime of Gregory VII., though not published until after his death. Manegold reveals himself as an enthusiastic partizan of the Gregorian party, and upholds the pope's views in all the disputes of the period, though from a radically democratic platform. Thus royalty, in his view, is not an ordinance of God, but an office bestowed by the people, and the relation between king and people is in the nature of a treaty, breach of which by the king enables the people to recede from the treaty and to dissolve the subject relation. In the light of these principles, Manegold vindicated the pope's right to release the Germans from their oath of allegiance to Henry IV., though without being clear concerning the relation of such an exercise of popular sovereignty to the papal act of nullifying the oath. In his Opusculum contra Wolfelmum Coloniensem (ed. A. Muratori, Anew. dota, iv. 163-208, Padua, 1713; cf. Lib. de lite, i. 30,3--308), Manegold assils the assumption of a

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compatibility of the teachings of the ancient phi losophers with Christian dogma. Manegold of Lautenbach has often been con fused with the philosopher Manegold (Histoire littéraire de la France, ix. 280-290, Paris, 1750), who probably likewise came from Alsace, and gained much renown as a teacher in France between 1070 and 1090.

Carl Mirbt.

Bibliography: W. van Giesebrecht in &itzunpsberichte der Münchener Akademie, 1888, ii. 297-330; N. Paulus, in Revue cavtolique d'Alsace, 1888, pp. 209-221, 279-289. 337-345; W. Martens, Gregor VII., Leipsic, 1894; C. Mirbt, Die PuUizietik im Zeitaker Gregors VII., passim, ib. 1894; G. Meyer van Knonau, Jahrbücher des deutschen Reichs unter Heinrich IV. and V., vol. iii., ib. 1900; J. A. Endres, in Riatorisch-politische Bldtter, ex"ii (1901), 389-401, 486-495; G. Koch, Manegold roan Lautenbach, Berlin, 1902; KL, viii. 597-598.