M'CURDY, JAMES FREDERICK: Presbyterian; b. at Chatham, New Brunswick, Feb. 18, 1847. He was educated at the University of New Brunswick (A.B., 1866), and after being principal of Aestigouche County Grammar School, Dalhousie, New Brunswick, in 1867-88, entered Princeton Theological Seminary, from which he was graduated in 1871 and where he studied two additional years (1871-72). He was then assistant professor of Oriental languages in the same institution from 1873 to 1882, after which he studied at the universities of Göttingen and Leipsic until 1884. He was lecturer at Princeton Theological Seminary on the Stone foundation in 1885-86, and in. the latter year was appointed lecturer on Oriental literature in University College, Toronto, where he was promoted to his present position of professor of the same subject in 1888. In addition to numerous contributions to The Jewish Encyclopedia, Hastings Dictionary of the Bible, and the Standard Bile Dictionary, to theological periodicals, and besides preparing the sections on the Psalms, Hosea, and Haggai for the American edition of J. P. Lange's commentary on the Bible (New York, 1872-76) he has written: Aryo-Semitic Speech: A Study in Linguistic Archeology (Andover, 1881); History, Prophecy, and the Monuments (3 vols., London, 1894-1901); and Life of D. J. Macdonnell (Toronto, 1897).

MACDONALD, DUNCAN BLACK: Presbyterian; b. at Glasgow, Scotland, Apr. 9, 1&33. He was educated at the university of his native city (M.A., 1885; B.D., 1888), where he was later scholar and fellow, and then studied Semitica at the University of Berlin (189U-91, 1893). Since 1892 he has been professor of Semitic languages in Hartford Theological Seminary. He was Haskell lecturer in comparative religion in the University of Chicago in 1905-06. He is editor of the Mohammedan section of J. Hastings' Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics, and is editor of the concordance of the Peshitta being prepared under the auspices of Hartford Theological Seminary. He has written: Development of Muslim Theology, Jurisprudence, and Constitutional Theory (New York, 1903); and Religious Attitude and Life in Islam (Chicago, 1909; Haskell lectures).

MACDONALD, FREDERIC WILLIAM: English Methodist; b. at Leeds Feb. 25, 1842. He was educated at Owens College, Manchester (B.A., 1862), and after being a Wesleyan minister from 1862 to 1881, was professor of systematic theology in Handsworth College, Birmingham, from 1881 to 1891. From the latter year until 1905 he was secretary of the Wesleyan Missionary Society, of which he has since been honorary secretary, and in 1899-1900 was likewise president of the Wesleyan Methodist Conference. He was also joint editor of the London Quarterly Review from 1871 to 1875, and in 1880 represented the British Methodist Conference at the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church of America,. He has written: Life of Fletcher of Madeley (London, 1885); Life of William, Money Punshon (1887); Latin Hymns in the Wesleyan Hymn-Book (1900); and In a Nook with a Book (1907).