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MAAS, mas, ANTHONY JOHN: American Jesuit; b. at Bainkhausen, a village of Westphalia, Germany, Aug. 23, 1858. He was educated at the gymnasium of Arnsberg from 1874 to 1877, when he entered the Society of Jesus. He then left Germany for the United States, and after studying at Manresa, N. Y., from 1877 to 1880, studied philosophy at Woodstock College, Woodstock, Md., until 1883. He was then professor of classics at Frederick, Md., for a year, after which he returned to Woodstock and studied theology until 1888. Except for the year 1893-94, spent in Manresa, Spain, he has been connected with Woodstock College since 1885, where he has been professor of Hebrew since 1885, librarian since 1888, professor of Scripture since 1891, prefect of studies since 1897 and president since 1907. In addition to numerous minor contributions, he has written: Life of Jesus Christ according to the Gospel History (St. Louis, 1891); Day in the Temple (ib., 1892); Christ in Type and Prophecy (2 vols., New York, 1893-96); and Commentary on the Gospel of St. Matthew (Boston, 1898), and has prepared the fourth edition of Z. Zitelli Natali's Enchiridion ad sacrarum disciplinarum cultores accomodatum (Baltimore, 1892).

MABILLON, ma"bi"lyen, JEAN: French Roman Catholic; b. at St. Pierremont in Champagne Nov. 23, 1632; d. in Paris Dec. 27, 1707. He entered the Congregation of St. Maur in 1853, and was professed in the following year. After some years spent in different houses of the order, he was at Saint-Denis in 1663, and the neat year at the abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Pres in Paris, the literary headquarters of the congregation, where he assisted D'Achery (see Achery, Jean Luc D') in the compilation of the last six volumes of the Spicilegium. In 1667 appeared two folio volumes of the works of St. Bernard, edited from the oldest and best manuscripts, the beginning and the model of the editions of the Fathers which the congregation was to issue thenceforth in rapid succession. Mabillon's most important life-work, however, was the history of the Benedictine order, for which D'Achery had collected a mass of materials. In 1668 appeared the first volume of the Acta sanctorum ordinis sancti Benedicti, relating to the sixth century. After thirty-four years of work, nine folio volumes had appeared, bringing the work down to 1100, and the material for a tenth was in shape. On this foundation Mabillon began to work at his most mature production, the Annales ordinis sancti Benedicti, (6 vols., Paris, 1703-39), of which four volumes had been published before his death; the fifth was published by R. Massuet (1713), and the sixth, to the year 1137, by E. Martene (1739). He won perhaps even greater fame in another department of scholarship, owing to a controversy with the Jesuits, brought on by a dissertation of the Bollandist Papebroch in the second volume of the Acta sanctorum for April (1675). Papebroch set down most of the early documents conveying monastic privileges, and especially the Merovingian archives of Saint-Denis, as forgeries. The Benedictines, in whose possession most of these were, regarded this as an attack on themselves, and Mabillon answered it in

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his De re diplomatica (1681), which is still a classic in this department, and as to Merovingian paleography has never been surpassed. In 1682 Colbert, to whom it was dedicated, sent Mabillon to Burgundy to make a study of the archives there which concerned the royal house; and he made further journeys of the ,sort, to Germany in 1683, to Italy in 168b-86, publishing some of his results in the Velera analeda (4 vols., 1675,85) and in Mtcaesum Italicum (2 vols., Paris, 1687-89). He took part in the controversy as to the authorship of the Imitatio Christi between the Benedictines and the Auguatinians (see Kempis, Thomas A, III.), in his Animadveraiones in vindicias KemPenaea (an answer to a book published by the Augustinian Teatelette) deciding for the mythical Italian Benedictine abbot John Gersen. Against the Trappist De Ranck (see Trappists), who had declared that scholarship was a hindrance to monastic perfection, Mar billon maintained, in his TrtaiM des etudes monastiques (1691) that learning was necessary to monastic clergy and no violation of the rule of St. Benedict. Other important works of his are the De iiturgita Gallicarta (1685); the edifying little book La Mort eWtienne (1702), and the Disaertatio de prams euclutr<:atico, azyrrto et Jermentato (1674), the last of which is printed with other smaller treatises and a number of letters in the Ouvrages posthttmes de Mabillort et de Ruirtart (3 vols., Paris, 1724). Another portion of his extensive correspondence is contained in Valery's Correapondance inkdite de Malrillmt et de MmetJaucon aver 1'Italie (3 vols.; Paris, 1846); and a complete edition of his letters is in preparation.

(G. Laubmann†.)

Bibliography: T. Ruinart, AbrEpE de la vie do . . . J. Matatlon, Paris, 1709; C. de Malan, Riot, de Mabillon et de la eonprEpation de 3t.-Maur, ib. 1843; H. Jadart, Dons Joan itfabillon, Reims, 1879; E. de Brogue, Mabillon d la soedEtE de d'abbays de St.liermain-das-Prta, 2 vols., ib. 1888; 6. BLumer, J. Mabilton, Augsburg, 1892; Lichtenbereer, ESR, viii. 520-521.