MAIR, mar, WILLIAM: Church of Scotland; b. at Savoch, Scotland, Apr. 1, 1830. He was educated at the University of Aberdeen (M.A., 1849), and was minister successively at Lochgelly (1861-64), and Ardoch (1864-69). From 1869 until his retirement from active life in 1903, he was minister of Earlaton. Since the latter year he has resided in Edinburgh. He was likewise moderator of the Church of Scotland in 1897, and has written, in addition to numerous briefer contributions, A Digest of Laws and Decisions, Ecclesiastical and Civil, relating to the Constitution, Practice, and Affairs of the Church of Scotland (Edinburgh, 1887); The Truth about the Church of Scotland (1891); Speaking (1900); Churches and the Law (1904); and The Scottish Churches (1907).

MAISTRE, m6tr, JOSEPH MARIE, COMTE DE: French Roman Catholic diplomat; b. at Chamb6ry (55 m. e. of Lyons) Apr. 1, 1754; d. at Turin Feb. 26, 1821. He was educated by the Jesuits and afterward studied law in Turin. In 1788 he became a member of the Piedmonteae senate, but when the French troops invaded the country in 1792 he took refuge in Lausanne, where he stayed until he was summoned to Turin by Charles Emmanuel II. In 1798, when the French took Turin, he had to retreat to Venice, but in 1799 the king called him to Sardinia as grand chancellor. From 1803 till 1817 he was ambassador of the king of Sardinia at St. Petersburg. He then returned to Turin and became regent of grand chancery and minister of state for Victor Emmanuel I, Maistre was the leader of the Ultramontanista and a steadfast opponent of Gallicanism. In his works, especially in his Du papa, he maintained the doctrines of the infallibility of the pope, and of his supreme temporal power, and that the Reformation was the cause of all the evils that had overtaken France. He was also a vigorous advocate of legitimacy. Among his numerous works may be named: Corn. siderations sur la France (Paris, 1796); Du papa (2 vols., Lyons, 1819; new ed., Tours, 1891; Eng. transl., The Pope, London, 1850); Les soirees de Saint-Pttersbourg, ou entretiens sur le gouvernemertE temporal de la Providence, suivies dun traits sur les sacrifices (2 vols., Paris, 1821; new ed., 1888); and Examen de la philosophic de Bacon (2 vols., Paris, 1836). His (Euvrea (7 vols., Brussels, 1838) have appeared in a new edition, including posthumous works and inedited correspondence, with a biographical preface by R. de Maiatre (14 vols., Lyons, 1884-87).

Bibliography: Accounts of the life have been written by: R. de Chantelauze, Paris, 1859; J. C. Glaser, Berlin, 18&5; L. I. Moreau, Paris, 1879; A. de Margerie, ib. 1882; F. Deacostea, ib, 1893; and G. Cogordan, ib. 1894. Consult further: Mme. C. T, Woillez, Le OEnie de De Maiatre, Paris, 1861; R. de Sezeval, Joseph de Maiatre, ass dEtraoteura, ib. 1885; M. F. A, de Leseure, Le Comte Joseph de Maiatre et sa lamille, ib. 1892; F. Paulhan, Joseph de Maiatre et ea philosophie, ib. 1893; and works on the history of modern philosophy.