LUKE OF PRAGUE: Bohemian bishop; b. probably at Prague about 1460; d. at Jungbunzlau (30 m. n.e. of Prague) Dec. 11, 1528. He studied at the University of Prague (B.A. about 1480). In 1480 he joined the Moravian Brethren (see Bohemian Brethren, II) and soon became one of their leaders. In 1491 the Brethren sent him to the East to discover if there were not some body of Christians there with whom the Brethren might make an alliance. In 1497 he was sent on a similar errand to the Waldensians and he also had dealings with Luther (q.v.), which, however, came to naught. In 1500 he was elected bishop of the Brethren. He was a voluminous writer in the departments of apologetics, hymnology, exegesis, and catechetics, more than eighty different works being ascribed to him.

Bibliography: '. Consult the literature under Bohemian Brethren.

LULLUS OF MAINZ: German ecclesiastic; b. in England about 705; d. at the monastery of Hersfeld (32 m. s.e. of Cassel) Oct. 16, 786. The son of well-to-do people in England, he was educated at the monastery of Malmesbury and subsequently at Nhutscelle [a monastery in Southamptonshire] while Boniface was teaching there. After a pilgrimage to Rome he followed Boniface to Germany, where he was consecrated deacon about 745. His relations with Boniface were very intimate, and the latter employed him repeatedly on important missions. In his old age Boniface made Lullus his associate and consecrated him bishop (752), to become at his death his successor at Mainz, although the dignity of archbishop was not conferred till later. Lullus was a stanch defender of the rights of the episcopate and endeavored to maintain episcopal supervision over monasteries and convents. In this way he became implicated in a controversy with Sturm, also a disciple of Boniface, abbot of Fulda, who maintained the independence of the monasteries. Thus the two great tendencies, the episcopal and the monastic, which were united in Boniface, were segregated in his disciples. Lullus assumed the control of the monastery of Fulda, and it was probably owing to his influence that Sturm was banished in 763 by King Pippin. Two years later Sturm was pardoned and in 767 as sumed again the direction of the monastery. Thereupon Lullus founded in 768 or 769 his own monastery of Hersfeld which developed into a rival to Fulda. Sturm died in 779. Probably in the same year Lullus was made archbishop in connection with the renewal of the metropolitan constitution by Charlemagne. His influence as archbishop can not be compared with that of Boniface, and his relations with Charlemagne were not always peaceful. Under Lullus Cologne severed its relations with Mainz and developed its own archbishopric. He always maintained his connection with his native country, maintained strict canonical discipline and had the confidence of the higher clergy. It is not improbable that Lullus founded also the monastery of Bleidenatadt.

(A. Hauck.)

Bibliography: : The Epistot Lullue, ed. E. Dümmler, are in MGH, Epdat., iii (1891), 207 sqq., and also in P. Jaffé, BRG, vol. iii. The Vita by Lambert of Hersfeld, ed. Holder-Egger with preface, is in MGH, Script., xv. 1 (1887), 132-148 (contains only chaps. i.-axii., the other five chapters are in the Opera of Lambert issued by the same editor, pp. 30740, Hanover, 1894). Consult: ASM, iii. 2, pp. 392-401; C. Will, Repeater zurGeschichte der Mairzer ErzbiachGfe, i., pp. xiv., xv., 34-45, Innsbruck, 1877; F. Falk, in Der Kathdik, ii (1879), 882-887; A. G$pfert, Lullua der Nachfoiger des Borafacius im Mainzer Erziristhum, Leipsic, 1881; H. Hahn, Borijaa and Lul, ib. 1883; Holder-Egger, in NA, ix. 285-320, aia. 509; Hauck, KD, vols. i.-ii.; Rettberg, KD, i. 573 sqq.