MEGIDDO: A royal Cansanitic city assigned at the conquest to Manasseh, though situated within the borders of Issachar. Apparently it was not occupied at the conquest, though the statement is made that the inhabitants were subjected to tribute (Josh. xvii. 11-13; Judges i. 27-28). It was fortified by Solomon (I Kings ix. 15), and Ahaziah died there (II Kings ix. 27). It is mentioned in connection with Taanach, the modern Tell Ta'anuk (Josh. xii. 21, xvii. 11; Judges v. 19; I Kings iv. 12), on the. edge of the plain of Esdraelon about half-way down its southern side. The site is therefore by some recognized in Tell el-Mutasellim, on a spur jutting out from Carmel, not far from Lejjun, which marks the site of the Roman town Legio; others prefer Lejjun itself, the ruins of which lie on both sides of a perennial stream which may well be the "waters of Megiddo" (Judges v. 19). Its situation on the edge of the plain of Esdraelon, a battle-ground of the nations for millenniums (cf. Judges v. 19-21; II Kings xxiii. 29-30; Zech. xii. 11; and the Egyptian inscriptions, e.g., of Thothmes III.), gave it a strategic importance. Accordingly it appears in history as a fortified city (Josh. xii. 21; I Kings ix. 15), and in ReX. xvi. 16 (Har Magedon, i.e., "the mountain [fortress] of Magedon") it figures as the typical fortress about which the final world conflict is to take place.

Geo. W. Gilmore.

Bibliography: Dillmann's commentary on Joshua at ]ni. 21; G. F. Moore's commentary on Judges, pp. 47, 158; Conder, in the PEF, Memoirs, ii. 90-99 (identifies it with Muiedda near Bethshean, unquestionably wrong); G. A. Smith, Historical Geography of the Holy Land, pp. 53, 385-387, 406, London, 1896.

MEGILLOTH. See Canon of Scripture, I., 6.

MEHLHORN, m61'hom, PAUL: German Protestant; b. at Gauern (a village of Saxon Altenburg) Jan. 3, 1851. He was educated at the universities of Jena (1869-72; Ph.D., 1873), Zurich (1872), and Leipsic (1872-73), after which he was successively teacher in a private school for girls in Dresden (1873-74), and at the Nicolai Gymnasium in Leipsic (1875-81), and professor at the gymnasium in Heidelberg (1881-93). He was also a teacher in the theological seminary of Heidelberg from 1883 to 1893 and associate professor of theology at the university of the same city from 1891 to 1893. Since 1893 he has been pastor of the Evangelical Reformed Church in Leipsic. He is a member of the Deutscher Protestantenverein, belongs to the liberal school in theology, and has written, among other works: the Bibel, ihr Inhalt and geschichtlicher Boden (Leipsic, 1877); Kirchengeschichte für hohere Schulen (1880); Grundriss der protestantischen Religlonslehre (1883); Heidelberger Universitktspredigten (1891); Ifritisches and Erbauliches (Berlin, 1891); Wie ist in unaerer Zeit das Christentum zte verteidigertt (1894); Aus den Quellen der Kirchengeschichte (2 parts, 1894-99); Reehenschaft von unserm Christentum (Leipsic, 1896); Au8 Hohert and Tiefen (sermons, 1902); Der Religionsunteraicht in, den hoheren Schulen (Heidelberg, 1902); Die beiden Hauptrichtungen des kirchlichen Protestantismus (1903); Wahrheit and Dichtung im Leben Jesu (Leipsic, 1906) ; and Die Bhitezeit der deutschen Mystik (Tübingen, 1907). He has also edited the second part of K. J. Holsten's Das Evangelium des Pauhua (Berlin, 1898) and the fourteenth and fifteenth editions of J. Hammer's Leben ured Heimat in Gott, sine Sammlxcng Lieder zur Erbautcng and Yeredlung (Leipsic, 1901-05).