JAMES, MONTAGUE RHODES: Church of England; b. at Livermere (6 m. n.e. of Bury St. Edmund's), Suffolk, Aug. 1, 1862. He studied at King's College, Cambridge (B.A., 1885), and in 1903 was appointed Sanders Reader in bibliography. Since 1905 he has been provost of King's College, and is also director of the Fitzwilliam Museum. He has written or edited Psalms of Solomon (in collaboration with H. E. Ryle; Cambridge, 1891); Testament of Abraham (in collaboration with W. E. Barnes; 1892); The Gospel according to Peter and the Revelation of Peter (in collaboration with J. A. Robinson; London, 1892); Apocrypha Anecdota (2 vols., Cambridge, 1893-97); On the Abbey of St. Edmund at Bury (1895); The Life and Miracles of St. William of Norwich (in collaboration with A. Jessopp, 1896); Sources of Archbishop Parker's Collection of Manuscripts (1899) ; Verses in the Windows of Canterbury Cathedral (1901); Ancient Libraries of Canterbury and Dover (1904); and Ghost Stories of an Antiquary (1904); as well as descriptive catalogues of the manuscripts (especially western) in the libraries of Eton College (Cambridge, 1895), the Fitzwilliam Museum (1895), and Lambeth Palace (1900), and of the following Cambridge colleges: Jesus (1895), King's (1895), Sidney Sussex (1895), Peterhouse (1899), Trinity (4 vols., 1900-05), Emmanuel (1904), Pembroke (1905), Christ's (1905), Clare (1906), Queen's (1906), Trinity Hall (1907), and Gonville and Caius (2 vols., 1907-08).

JAMES, WILLIAM: American psychologist and philosopher; b. in New York Jan. 11, 1842. He studied in private schools, then at the Lawrence Scientific School and the Harvard Medical School (M.D., 1869). He has taught at Harvard since 1876, having been instructor in philosophy 1872-76, assistant professor of anatomy and physiology 1876-80, assistant professor of philosophy 1880-85, professor of philosophy 1885-89, professor of psychology 1889-97, and professor of philosophy again since 1897. He holds a position in the front rank of modern psychologists, and in this field has exercised a potent influence both in Europe and America. In philosophy he represents what may be called empirical idealism as opposed to absolute idealism. His works have been widely translated, and are characterized by keen analysis, apt illustration, lucid exposition, and a charm of style rarely encountered in works on philosophy. He has published The Principles of Psychology (2 vols., New York, 1890); Psychology--Briefer Course (1892); The Will to Believe, and Other Essays in Popular Philosophy (1897); Human Immortality: Two Supposed Objections to the Doctrine (Boston, 1898); Talks to Students on Psychology, and to Teachers on Some of Life's Ideals (New York, 1899); Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature (1902), Gifford Lectures delivered at Edinburgh 1900-01, a work which has attracted much attention, and establishes his claim to mention in a religious encyclopedia; Pragmatism: A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking (1907); and Pluralistic Universe (Hibbert Lectures; 1909). In 1908 a volume of Essays Philosophical and Psychological was published in his honor in New York.