HILARIUS: Roman deacon of the fourth century. Hilarius was an adherent of Bishop Lucifer of Calaris (q.v.), whom he probably accompanied to the Synod at Milan (355). He was mentioned by Jerome in the" Dialogue against the Luciferians" as already dead (NPNF, vi. 331, cf. 333, 334). To suppose that he is the same as the so-called Ambrosiaster (q.v.) is without any warrant.
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Bibliography: G. Krüger, Lucifer won Calaris, pp. 13, 88 89, Leipsic, 1886; DCB, iii. 75.
HILARY (HILARIUS, HILARUS): Pope 461-468. The Sardinian Hilarus was elected bishop of Rome probably Nov. 17, 461, consecrated Nov. 19, and died on Feb. 28 (7), 468. As archdeacon under Leo I. he vigorously opposed the condemnation of Flavian of Constantinople at the Council of Ephesus (449). As pope he continued the policy of his predecessor in enforcing the claims of the Roman see in southern Gaul (cf. Epist., x., to Mamertus of Vienne, Feb. 25, 464). He, furthermore, gave laws to the Spanish Church (cf. Epist., xiii.-xvii.); and the Liber pontificalis praises his donations to Roman churches and cloisters. His briefs and decrees are given in MPL, lviii. 11-32; and (critically) in A. Thiel, Epistolae pontificum Romanorum, pp. 126-174, Braunsberg, 1868.
Bibliography: Liber pontificalis, ed. Duchesne, vol. i., Paris, 1886. ed. Mommeen, in MGH, Gest. pont. Rom., i (1898), 107-111; Jaffé, Regesta, i. 75-77; Schaff, Chris tian Church, iii. 323; DCB, iii. 72-74; Bower. Popes, i. 249-257; B. Platina, Lives of Popes, i. 108-109, London, n.d.
HILARY OF ARLES (Hilarius Arelatensis), SAINT: Bishop of Arles; b. in northern or middle Gaul c. 401; d at Arles c. 450. He was a relative of Honoratus, abbot of the monastery of Lerins and bishop of Arles 426-429, who induced him to enter his monastery. On the death of Honoratus Hilary became his successor. He owes his importance chiefly to his attitude toward Augustinianism. He repudiated the Augustinian doctrine of predestination, accusing Augustine of fatalism. He believed, according to Prosper of Aquitaine; that every man had sinned in Adam and could be saved only by the grace of God in regeneration. Salvation by the blood of Christ was offered to all men without exception, and all who are willing to accept faith and baptism could be saved. God predestined for his kingdom all whom he foresaw would be worthy of their election after their gra tuitous call, and therefore every man is to be ex horted to take part in the divine institutions in order that nobody may despair of attaining eternal life, since this depends upon voluntary consecration. At the instigation of Prosper, Augustine wrote his treatises De prcedestinatione sanctorum and De dono perseverantim, but these did not con vince the Gallic theologians. As he maintained his independent judgment against a great author ity, so also Hilary tried to vindicate the independence of his position. On account of the political importance of the city of Arles in the fifth century, its bishops took the first rank in the Gallic episco pate, and Bishop Patroclus had already attempted to extend the primacy of Arles over the whole of southern Gaul. Hilary renewed his efforts, but was opposed by Leo the Great, who finally deposed him (see Arles, Archbishopric of). Of his wri tings the eulogy on Honoratus (usually quoted as Vita Hoqorati) is undoubtedly genuine; also an unimportant letter to Eucherius of Lyons. The following works are enumerated in his biographies: Vita. Honorati; Homilim in totius anni festivitt- tibus; Symboli ezpositio; Epistolæ; Versus fondis ardentis.
Bibliography: His works are in MPL, i. 1213-92. Consult A. Ebert, Litteratur des Mittelalters, i. 449-402, Leipsic, 1889; C. F. Arnold, Casarius won Arelate, Leipsic, 1894; 0. Bardenhewer, Patrologie, pp. 489 sqq., Freiburg, 1894; FeeslerJungmann, Institutsones patrologia ii. 2, pp. 336, Innsbruck, 1896; DCB, iii. 67-72; KL, v. 2042-46.
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