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HERZOG JOHANN JAKOB: German Reformed theologian; b. at Basel Sept. 12, 1805; d. at Erlangen Sept. 30, 1882. He was educated at the PEedagogium in Basel and the University of Basel where he studied theology for three years. He then attended the University of Berlin, where he had first Schleiermacher and then NeanAer for teachers. He then returned to Basel, where he passed his first theological examination and became a docent in the university. In 1835 he was called to Lausanne, where in 1838 he became professor of historical theology. At Lausanne he lived on most friendly terms with both colleagues and students, cultivating with them pleasant social relations. At the same time he was very active in a literary way; besides several smaller essays, such as one on the teachings of Zwingli, and his Johann" Calvin, eine biographische Skizze (Basel, 1843), he composed a longer work: Das Leben Œcolampadius und die Reformation der Kirche zu Basel (2 vols., Basel, 1843). In 1840 and 1841 he contributed a series of articles to the Evangelische Kirchenzeitung on the conflict between the national church of the Canton of Vaud and the State, which at that time was trying to render it dependent. In Feb., 1846, he resigned his professorship on account of conscientious scruples and after a year of private teaching was called in

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the spring of 1847 to the chair of church history and New Testament exegesis at the University of Halle. While there he became much interested in the Waldenses, two of his students being members of that sect, and he devoted himself to a historical investigation of their origin, making for that pur pose journeys to Geneva, Grenoble, Paris, and Dublin that he might study ancient manuscripts dealing with that subject. The results of these researches he embodied both in his De origine et pristino statu Waldensium (Halle, 1848) and in his comprehensive Die romanischen Waldenser (1853). His studies led him to quite different opinions on the early history of the Waldenses from those usu ally entertained at the time, but his views are now universally adopted. He believed the Waldenses arose not earlier than the twelfth century, and from the beginning were students of the Bible, but deserted the paths of Roman Catholic piety only in the sixteenth century under the influence of Huss and the German Reformation. In 1854 he was called to Erlangen as professor of Reformed theology. Some time before this there had been planned in Germany a comprehensive encyclopedic work on theology, and Schneckenburger had been named as editor, but the revolution of 1848 had caused it to be abandoned for a time. With the advent of peace it was again undertaken. Schneckenburger having died in 1848, Tholuck, who was asked for advice, suggested the name of Herzog. Herzog was well fitted for the task by his many-sided knowledge, his ripe judgment, his mild and catholic views, his strong faith in revelation, and especially by his extended personal relations. He took great in terest in the undertaking, contributing from his own pen no less than 529 articles. For the history of the Real-Encyklopädie see the preface to the first volume of this work, p. ix. Besides the works mentioned above, Herzog wrote an Abriss der gesammten Kirchengeschichte (3 vols., Erlangen, 1876-H2).

F.sieffert.

Bibliography: F. 6ieffert, in the AUgemeirse Zeitung, 1883, no. 31, Beilage.

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