HERMAN OF SCHEDA: Jewish proselyte; b. at Cologne 1108; d. about 1198. He came of a well to-do Jewish family and received the name Judah. In 1127 he lent Bishop Ekbert of Münster a con siderable sum of money,' and shortly afterward, incited by his father, went to Münster to collect the same. During a stay of twenty weeks there he heard sermons, and became well disposed toward Christians. On his return to Cologne in 1128 he married, and owing to the opposition of his people to his association with Christians, determined to change his religion and fled to Mainz and Worms. He found refuge in the cloister of Rabengresburg and received Christian baptism at Cologne near the end of 1128. Herman then entered the Premonatra tensian cloister of Kappenberg, and shortly before 1150 became abbot of the neighboring cloister of Scheda. He gave an account of his conversion in an autobiography written about 1136. It was first edited by J. B. Carpzov as an appendix to his edition of R. Martini's Pugio fulei (Leipsic, 1687; reprinted in MPL, clxx. 803 sqq.). This text was edited by J. D. von Steinen, on the basis of another manu script, in Kurze Beschrexbung der hochadeligen Gotteshduser Kappenberg and Scheda (Dortmund, 1741).

(R. Seeberg.)

Bibliography: R. 6eeberg, Hermann von Scheda, tin iiadi acher Proadyt des 18. Jahrhunderts, Leipsic, 1891; J. M. Schrtiekh, Christliche Kirdengeschichte, xxv. 384 sqq., 35 parts, Leipsic, 1772-1827; H. F. Reuter, Geschichte der religiösen Autkldrung im Mittelalter, i. 158 sqq., Bonder hausen,1875.

HERMAN OF SCHILDESCHE (also called Herman of Westphalia): Augustinian; b. at Schil desche, near Bielefeld, Westphalia, toward the close of the thirteenth century; d. at Würzburg July 8, 1357. He entered the order of the Augustinian Eremites and visited the Uni versity of Paris about 1320. In 1337 he was provincial of the Augustinian province of Thuringia and Saxony. In 1338, by appointment of the Ger man episcopate, he negotiated with Pope Benedict XII. in the cause of the reconciliation of the curia with Louis the Bavarian. From 1342 he made his residence at Würzburg, where he officiated tempo rarily as vicar-general and first penitentiary of the resident bishop. Of his numerous writings, only the Speculum manuale sacerdotum, a brief introduction to the conduct of the spiritual office, is extant in print. Among his theological writings may be mentioned the polemical tract Contra heretwos negantes immunitatem et jurisdictionem etxlesim, which was inspired by John XXII., about 1330, against the doctrines of Marsilius of Padua; and his controversial tracts Contra jlagellatores, and Contra hereticos (Leonistas live Pauperes de Lugduno) di centes miesm comparationem ease speciem symonim. Besides philosophical writings, Herman also wrote an Introductorium pro studio sacrorum canonum, which became the basis of a series of similar popular canonical works of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries.

Herman Haupt.

Bibliography: The latest and authoritative description of Herman's life and writings is in E. Seckel, Beiträge zur Geschichte beider Rechte im AfitteWter, i. 129 sqq., Tübingen, 1898. Consult: H. Fineke, in Zeitschrift für vaterundische (westfAlieehe) Geschichte, xlv. 1 (1889), 124, xlvi. 1 (1888), 201 sqq., xlvii. 1 (1889), 220 sqq., and in Historisches Jahrbuch, x (1889), 568 sqq.