HERLE, CHARLES: English Puritan; b. at Prideaux Herle, Cornwall, 1598; d. at Winwick, Lancashire, Sept., 1659. He entered Exeter College, Oxford, in 1612, and took his master's degree in 1618. He settled as a minister, at first in Devon shire, but soon after became rector of Winwick in Lancashire, where he remained until his death. He was appointed one of the Westminster Assembly of Divines in 1643, and, after the death of Dr. Twisse, as prolocutor of the same; in which position he continued to the close. He was a generous minded Puritan and Presbyterian, with an irenic spirit, and took an active part in the organization of the Provincial Assembly of Lancashire, in pro viding a learned and faithful ministry for the churches, and in excluding the scandalous and igno rant, for which he received much ill-deserved re proach. His principal works are of a practical character: Contemplations and Devotions (pp. 546, London, 1631); Independency on Scriptures of the Independency of the Churches (4to, pp. 44, London, 1643), irenic toward the Independents; and Wis dom's Tripos (London, 1655), in which he shows the excellency of Christian wisdom above that of worldly policy and moral prudence. He also deliv ered several sermons before Parliament, of which may be mentioned A Pair of Compasses for Church and State (Nov., 1642) and David's Song (June, 1643). For further information see Wood, Athence Oxonimses, iii. 477; and Reid, Memoirs of West minster Divines (Paisley, 1811). C. A. BRIGGS.

HERMAN (HERIMAN) CONTRACTUS ("the Lame "): One of the most learned men of the eleventh century and one of the best German chroniclers; b. July 18, 1013; d. in the monastery of Reichenau (on an island of the Untersee of the Lake of Constance, 4 m. n.w. of Constance) Sept. 21, 1054. When Herman was only seven years old he entered the monastery of Reichenau which, under Abbot Berno (q.v.), was renowned for its scientific achievements. In his thirtieth year he took the vows. Though early lamed by gout, he

was very gifted, and distinguished himself especially in mathematics, astronomy, and music. His schol arship attracted numerous pupils. He composed poems, but his principal work is a chronicle from the birth of Christ, and is the first world-chronicle of the Middle Ages. Its chief merit lies in its strict chronological arrangement. From 1040 to 1054, the year of Herman's death, he relates from his own recollections and the reports of contemporaries, and his chronicle is a valuable source for the time of Henry III.

(Wilhelm Altmann.)

Bibliography: Herman's Chronicon, ed. G. H. Pert, is in MGH Script, v (1844), 67-133, cf. J. May, in NA, xii (1887), 226-231; a German transl. by K. Nobbe, ad. W. Wattenbach, was published Leipsic, 1883. An early Vita is in MPL, cxliii. 24-30. Consult ASB, July, iv. 580; H. Hansjaoob, Herimann der Lahme, Mainz, 1875; H. Bresslau, in NA, ii (1877), 566-576; W. Wattenbach, DGQ, ii (1894), 41 sqq.; W. Gundlach Heldenlieder der deutschen Kaiaerzeit, ii. 122 sqq., Innsbruck, 1896; J. R. Dieterich, Die Geaehicladaquellen lee Kloaters Seidumu Giessen, 1897, cf. NA, xxiii (1898), 268; further literature is in Potthast, Wegweiaer, pp. 587-588.