HATFIELD, EDWIN FRANCIS: American Pres byterian; b. at Elizabethtown, N. J., Jan. 9, 1807; d. at Summit, N. J., Sept. 22, 1883. He studied at Middlebury College, Vt. (B.A., 1829), and at An dover Theological Seminary (1829-31). He was pas tor of the Second Presbyterian Church, St. Louis, (1832-35), of the Seventh Presbyterian Church, New York (1835-56), and of the North Presbyterian Church, New York (1856-63). He was stated clerk of the New School Assembly (1846-70), and of the united body (1870-83), and was elected moderator in 1883. In 1866 he was a member of the Reunion Committee of the New School Assembly. He was special agent for the Union Theological Seminary 1864-66, and again 1870-73, and bequeathed his library of 6,000 volumes to that institution. His more important works are: Memoir of Elihu yY. Baldwin (New York, 1843); St. Helena and the Cape of Good Hope (1852); The History of Elizabeth N. J. (1868); and The Church Hymn-Book, with Tunes (1872).

HATTEM, PONTIAAN VAN, HATTEMISTS: A Dutch sect and their founder. The latter was born at Bergen-op-Zoom (15 m. n. of Antwerp) Jan. 16, 1641; d. there Sept., 1706. He studied theology in Leyden, and in 1667 was licensed to preach in the Reformed Church He spent some time abroad, and in Nov., 1670, was in Oxford. In 1672 be

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became preacher of St. Philipsland in Zealand. He esteemed a pious and holy life more highly than purity of doctrine, and in 1680 reports of his het erodoxy were circulated. He was tried for heresy, and in 1683 was deposed from his office, charged with deviating from the orthodox doctrine in his views of the essence and punishment of sin, of redemption and justification, faith, conversion, gratitude, and prayer. Banished from St. Philips land, he settled in Bergen-op-Zoom, and worked there quietly under the protection of the civil authorities. He held conventiclea, and the circle of his followers gradually expanded and included some of the respected citizens of the town. He preached his new gospel even in Amsterdam and The Hague, and influenced larger circles by an ex tended correspondence. Among his adherents, how ever, there soon arose divergent views and deviations from the doctrines of Hattem, and by 1760 the Hattemists had disappeared.

Hattem has been frequently considered a disciple of Spinoza, but unjustly. He was no philosopher, but intent primarily upon the advancement of practical piety. He preached a passive Christianity. Man must not seek his salvation, because in that case he seeks himself; he must acknowledge ,with a grateful heart that Christ has sought and found him. But he can not believe this unless God grants him faith, and it shows the greatest ingratitude not to recognize the love of God by which he has given himself to man. Only the regenerated has been purified of this ingratitude and is able to love God and his fellow man. With regeneration there orig inates a clear perception of divine truth. The re generate, in virtue of his faith, is assured of his salvation and therefore need not deplore any longer his sinful condition, for he is one with God and his Son, so that by faith he sees himself "in the Son of God." He is not more inclined toward evil, but fulfils the will of God spontaneously. This is not the result of struggle and effort, but an outcome of the work of the Holy Spirit within the heart. Thus God becomes everything and man nothing.

(S. D. Van Veen.)

Bibliography: The most important of Hattem's works, ed. J. Roggeveen, appeared vol. i., The Hague, 1718, vols. ii.-iii., Amsterdam, 1719, vol. iv., n.p., 1727. On Hattem consult: W. C. van Manen, in De Gida, iii (1885), 357-429, iv (1886), 85-115; idem, in Archief voor Neder landache Kerkgeaehiedenie, i. 273-348. On the Hattem ists consult: T. Hasieus, De nupere Schoriatarum in Belgio secta eiuaque auctoribua relatio, in Museum hist.-phil. theolog. Bremenee, ii. 144-172; J. Borsius, in Nederlandach Archief voor kerkeliyke Geschiedenis, i (1841), 287-362; J. van Leeuwen, in the same, viii (1848), 57-169; A. W. W ybrands, in Archief voor Nederlandache Kerkgeachiedenia, i. 51-128; KL, v. 1527; J. L. von Mosheim, Institutes of Ecclesiastical History, ed. W. Stubbs, iii. 390, London, 1863.