HECKEWELDER, hek-e-vel'der, JOHN GOTTLIEB ERNESTUS: Moravian missionary among the North American Indians; b. at Bedford, England, Mar. 12, 1743; d. at Bethlehem, Pa., Jan. 31, 1823. He came to Pennsylvania with his parents in 1754, and began his missionary labors in 1762 by an unsuccessful attempt to establish a mission in the Tuscarora Valley, O. Then he was employed in the Moravian missions of Friedenahiitten and Sheshequin, Pa., till 1771, when he was appointed assistant to David Zeisberger (q.v.). He remained in this service fifteen years. From 1788 till 1810 he labored chiefly in Ohio, as agent of the Society of the United Brethren for Propagating the Gospel among the Heathen. In 1792, and again in 1793, he was commissioned by the United States Government to assist in effecting a treaty with the Indians. For a time he was in the civil service in Ohio, holding the offices of postmaster, justice of the peace, tend associate justice of the court of common pleas. In 1810 he removed to Bethlehem, Pa., and engaged in literary pursuits till his death. His two most valuable works are: An Account of the History, Manners, and Customs of the Indian Nations who once Inhabited Pennsylvania and the Neighboring States (Philadelphia, 1818), which was soon translated into German and French; and A Narrative of the Mission of the United Brethren among the Delaware and Mohegan Indians (1820).

Bibliography: E. R,andthaler, Life of Johann O. E. Hecke- welder, ed. B. H. Coates, Philadelphia, 1847.

HEDBERG, FREDERIK GABRIEL. See Bornholmers; Finland, § 5.

HEDGE, FREDERIC HENRY: Unitarian; b. at Cambridge, Mass., Dec. 12, 1805; d. there Aug. 21, 1890. He was educated in schools in Germany (1818-23), Harvard (B.A., 1825), and the Harvard Divinity School (1828). He was then pastor of the Unitarian Church at West Cambridge, now Arlington, Mass. (1829-35), of the Independent Congregational Society in Bangor, Me. (183:-50), of the Westminster Congregational Society in Providence, R. 1. (1850-56), of the First Unitarian Church at Brookline, Mass. (1856-72), and was also non-resident professor of ecclesiastical historyin Harvard Divinity School (1857-77), as well as professor of German in Harvard College (1872-82). In 1882 he retired from active life. In theology he described himself as " connected with the Unitarian communion into which he was born, attached to it rather by the absence in that body of any compulsory

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creed than by sympathy with its distinctive doctrine." He was editor of The Christian Examiner from 1857 to 1861, and wrote Prose Writers of Germany (Philadelphia, 1848); Christian Liturgy for the Use of the Church (Boston, 1.853); Reason in Religion (1865); The Primeval World of Hebrew Tradition (1870); The Ways of the Spirit, and other Essays (1877); Atheism in Philosophy, and other Essays (1884); Hours with German Classics (1886); Martin Luther, and other Essays (1888); and Metrical Translations and Poems (in collaboration with Mrs. A. L. Wister; 1888).