HAWKS, FRANCIS LISTER: Protestant Episcopalian; b. at Newbern, N. C., June 10, 1798; d. in New York Sept. 26, 1866. He attended the University of North Carolina (B.A., 1815), studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1819. He was appointed reporter of the supreme court of the State, and elected to the State legislature in 1823. After studying theology under William Mercer Green he entered the ministry in 1827. In Apr., 1829, he became assistant to Dr. Harry Croswell at Trinity Church, New Haven, Conn., but went to Philadelphia a few months later as assistant minister at St. James's. He was elected professor of divinity at Washington (now Trinity) College, Hartford, Conn., in 1830, and rector of St. Stephen's, New York, in Mar., 1831. The following December he became rector of St. Thomas', New York, and soon came to be regarded as the most eloquent pulpit orator of his denomination. He resigned in 1843, as a result of financial difficulties incident to the failure of St. Thomas' Hall, a school for boys established by Hawks at Flushing, L. I., in 1836. He was subsequently rector of Christ Church, New Orleans (1844-49), and of Calvary Church, New York (1849-62). On account of his sympathy for the South, he resigned his charge in 1862 and went to Baltimore as rector of Christ Church; but returned to New York in 1865 as rector of the newly established parish of the Holy Savior. He was appointed historiographer of his denomination in 1835, and three times declined an election to the episcopate. Aside from his law reports, his principal works are: Contributions to the Ecclesiastical History of the United States (2 vols., New York, 1836-39), dealing with the early church in Virginia and Maryland; Commentary on the Constitution and Canons of the Protestant Episcopal Church (1841); Auricular Confession (1849) ; and, in collaboration with W. S. Perry, Documentary History of the Protestant Episcopal Church (2 vols., 1862-63). He also contributed largely to The New York Review and Quarterly Church Journal (10 vols., 1837-42), of which he was one of the founders.

Bibliography: w. S. Perry, Hist. of the American Episcopal Church, consult Index, 2 vols., Boston, 1885; C. C. Tiffany, in American Church History Series, pp. 448, 477, New York, 1895; National Cycloytedia of American Biography, vii. 90, ib. 1897; Appleton's Cyclopoodia of American Biography, iii. 121-122, ib. 1898.

HAWLEY, GIDEON: American Congregationalist, missionary to the Indians; b. at Bridgeport, Conn., Nov. 11, 1727; d. at Marahpee, Mass., Oct. 3, 1807. He was graduated at Yale in 1749, entered the ministry, and, under the direction of Jonathan Edwards, began missionary work among the Indians at Stockbridge, Mass., in 1752. In 1753 he was sent by the commissioners of Indian affairs to establish a mission among the Iroquois on the Susquehanna, but was obliged by the French and Indian war to abandon this work in May, 1756. He then went to Boston and enlisted as chaplain in Colonel Richard Gridley's regiment. On Apr. 10, 1758, he was installed pastor over the Indians at Marshpee, Mass., and spent the rest of his life, nearly half a century, in work among the tribes there.