HAWAWEENY, RAPHAEL: Syrian Greek Or thodox; b. at Damascus, Syria, Nov. 8, 1860. He was educated at the Syrian Greek Orthodox College of his native city, and the theological seminaries of Hand Halki (near Constantinople) and Kiev, Russia. After being teacher of Arabic, Greek, and Turkish at the college in Damascus (1877-79), he was deacon preacher of the patriarchate of Antioch (1886-88), archimandrite abbot of the Antioch Monastery, Moscow (1889-92), lecturer in Arabic at the theological seminary at Kazan, Russia (1893 1895), and archimandrite of the Syrian Greek Or thodox mission in North America (189:-1904). In 1904 he was consecrated bishop of Brooklyn for all the Syrian Greek Orthodox Christians in North America. He has translated from Russian into Arabic "The Errors of the Papistical Church" (Kazan, 1893), and written: " The History of the Antioch Monastery at Moscow " (Russian, Moscow, 1891); "History of the Greek Brotherhood of the Holy Sepulcher in Palestine " (Arabic, Cairo, 1893); "History of the Christian Church" (Arabic, Kazan, 1894); " Refutation of the Encyclical of Pope Leo XIII." (Arabic, 1895); and " Prayer-Book of the Greek Orthodox Church " (Arabic, New York, 1898).

HAWEIS, h8'is, HUGH REGINALD: Church of England; b. at Egham (3 m. s.e. of Windsor), Surrey, Apr. 3, 1838; d. at London Jan. 29, 1901. He was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge (B.A., 1861), and was curate of St. Peter's, Stepney, from 1861 to 1863, and of St. James the Less, Westminster, from 1863 to 1866, while from 1866 until his death he was perpetual curate of St. James, Marylebone, where he was the successor of F. D. Maurice (q.v.). He was one of the leaders of the Broad-church party in the Church of England, and in 1860 took part in the Italian campaigns of Garibaldi against the pope. Like his predecessor, he was deeply interested in the welfare of the lower classes, instituting special Sunday evening services for them. Among his numerous publications, special mention may be made of his Music and Morals (London, 1871); Thoughts for the Times (1872); Unsectarian Family Prayers (1874); Speech in Season (1874); Ashes to Ashes (an argument for cremation; 1874); Current Coin (1876); Arrows in the Air (1878); Poets in the Pulpit (1880); Key of Doctrine and Practice (1884); Winged Words: or, Truths Retold (1885); Christ and Christianity (5 vols., 1886-87); The Dead Pulpit (1896); Ideals for Girls (1897); and The Child's Life of Jesus (1901).