HAGENBACH, hH'gen-bdH, KARL RUDOLF: Church historian; b. at Basel Mar. 4, 1801; d. there June 7, 1874. He studied in a Pestalozzian institution from 1808 to 1813 and at the gymnasium of his native city. He was greatly influenced by Herder, and learned to look upon Christ as the perfect man, and not as a metaphysical problem. This ideal rationalism became decisive for his whole theological tendency although it was balanced by a due regard for history and historical development. In 1819 he began his theological studies at Basel, and studied at Bonn and Berlin from 1820 to 1823. In Bonn he was chiefly attracted by Lücke, and in Berlin he was under the influence ot Schleiermacher and Neander. After his return to Basel in 1823, De Wette persuaded him to establish himself as privat-docent at the university where he soon became professor and remained about fifty-one years. He lectured chiefly on church history and the history of dogmas, and it was owing to his, as well as De Wette's, influence that the university entered again into closer touch and a more living union with German Evangelical theology. At the same time Hagenbach served the Church of his native city as member of the council and of the board of higher education. He was also president of the Protestant relief society for Switzerland founded by him and De Wette. He was a powerful preacher, and he also published poems marked by tenderness of feeling and Christian earnestness.

The fundamental views of Hagenbach's theology are based upon the ideas of the "mediating theology." His historical studies led him gradually away from the subjective position of Schleiermacher and De Wette and made him emphasize more strongly the objective realities of revelation. His publications originated in connection with his academic activity, or from similar occasions of a praotical nature. His manuals for students have been very popular, especially his Encyklopädie and Methodologie der theologischen Wissenschaften (Leipsic, 1833; 12th ed. by Reischle, 1889; Eng. transl.

adapted by G. R. Crooks and J. F. Hurst, Theological Encyclopaedia and Methodology, New York, 1884); Lehrbuch der Dogmengeschichte (1840, 6th ed. by Beneath, 1888; Eng. tmnsl. History of Christian Doctrine, by Buch, Edinburgh, revised and enlarged by H. B. Smith, 2 vols., New York, 1861; new ed., with preface by Plumptre, 3 vols., Edinburgh, 1880); Leitfaden zum christlichen Religionsuntericht (1850, 9th ed. by S. M. Deutsch, 1905); Grundzüge der Homiletik and Liturgik (1863). His chief literary work is Kirchengeschichtevonderdltesten Zeit bis zum neunzehnten Jahrhundert (7 vols., Leipsic, 1869-72; partial tmnsl. History of the Reformation, by Miss E. Moore, 2 vols., Edinburgh, 1878; History of the Church in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries, by J. F. Hurst, 2 vols., New York, 1869). This work grew from lectures at Basel from 1833; published at first in single parts Geschichte der Reformation and des Protestantismus, 1834-43, Geschichte der alten Kirche, 1853-55; Geschichte des Mittelalters (1860-61). The characteristic feature of the work is not so much originality and felicity of scientific results as its clear arrangement and attractive compilation, and especially the living connection between theology and life, science and practise, past and present. Of other works may be mentioned, Kritische Geschichte der Entstehung und der Schicksale der ersten Baslerkonfession (Basel, 1827), Sermons (1858, 1875), Ueber die sogenannte Vermittlungstheologie (1858), Ueber Ziel and Richtdunkte der heutigen Theologie (1867), Ueber Glauben and Unglauben (1872); Mein Glaubensbekenntnis and meine Stellung in den theologischen Parteien (1874); Tabellarische Uebersicht der Dogmen-Geschichte Us zur Reformation (new ed. Halle, 1887). Hagenbach was also the editor of the Kirchenblatt für die reformierte Schweiz (1845-65).

(R. Stahelin†.)

Bibliography: An extensive autobiographic sketch remains unpublished; a shorter sketch, also by Hagenbach, appeared with other matter as Erinnerung an K. R. Hapanbach, Basel, 1874, ef. G. A. Finsler, Zur Erinnerung an K. R. Hagenbach, Zurich, 1874; C. F. Eppler, K. R. Hapenbach, Gütersloh, 1875. Consult also P. Schaff, Germany, its Universities, Theology and Religion, p. 403, Philadelphia, 1857.