HALITGAR: Bishop of Cambrai. Little is known of his life. He was consecrated probably in 817. In 822 he was designated by Pope Paschal I. to assist Archbishop Ebo of Reims, sent as papal representative to the northern mission, but seems not to have accompanied him on his visit to Denmark; and indeed it has recently been doubted whether the Halitgar mentioned in this connection was the bishop of Cambrai at all. Later he took part in several Frankish synods, and in 828 was sent by the emperor as ambassador to the Byzantine court. His death is usually placed on June 25, 831. He is beat known as the author of a penitential book which he compiled at Ebo'8 request (see Penitentials). It is matter of debate whether books iii.-v. were taken directly or indirectly from the Colledio Dacheriana, and whether book vi, was Halitgar's work or that of a later editor-though in the time of Flodoard (893966) it already consisted of six books.

(K. Maurer†.)

Bibliography: Consult beside the literature under Penitentials, Hauck, KD, ii. 731; J. C. F. Bahr, Geschichte der römischen Literatur int karolingischen Zeitalter, pp. 377 sqq. Carleruhe, 1840; F. W. H. Waseeraehleben, Die Buaordnungen der abendldndiseAen Ruche, pp. 80-82, Halle, 1851; H. J. Schmitz, Die Bumbacher und die Bussdisciplin der Ruche, pp. 719-733, Mainz, 1883.

HALL, ARTHUR CRAWSHAY ALLISTON: Protestant Episcopal bishop of Vermont; b. at Binfield (6 m. s.w. of Windsor), Berkshire, England, Apr. 12, 1847. He studied at Christ Church, Oxford (B.A., 1869), joined the Society of St. John the Evangelist (the Cowley Fathers), 1870, established a branch of the society in the diocese of Massachusetts, 1873; and later became provincial superior of the Cowley Fathers in America. He became curate of the Church of the Advent, Boston, 1874, priest-in-charge of the Mission Church of St. John the Evangelist in the same city, 1882; was recalled to England by his Order, 1892, and was a licensed preacher in the diocese of Oxford for a year, but in 1894, being released from his vows to the Cowley Fathers, was consecrated third bishop of the diocese of Vermont. In theology he belongs to the High-church school, and has written Confession and the Lambeth Conference (Boston, 1879); Example of the Passion: Five Meditations (New York,. 1882); Notes for Meditation upon the Collects for the Sundays and Holy Days, i. (Milwaukee, 1887); The Virgin Mother (retreat address; New York, 1894); Christ's Temptation and Ours (Baldwin lectures; 1896); The Church's Discipline concerning Marriage and Divorce (1896); Confirmation (1900); Marriage with Relatives (1901); Instructions arid Devotions on the Holy Communion (Milwaukee, 1902); Com panion to the Prayer-Book (New York, 1902); The Use of Holy Scripture in the Public Worship of the Church (Paddock lectures; 1903); The Christian Doctrine of Prayer (Bohlen lectures; 1904); The Relations of Faith and Life (Bedell lectures; 1906); The Example of Our Lord, especially for His Ministers (1906); The Work of the Holy Spirit (Milwau-

kee, 1907); and Forgiveness of Sine (New York, 1908).

Bibliography: W. S. Perry, The Episcopate in America, p. 383, New York, 1895.