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HAAG, EMILE: French Protestant; b. at Montbeliard (100 m. n.e. of Chalon) Nov. 10, 1810; d. at Paris May 11, 1865. He studied law at Strasburg, and after being a tutor in Poland for two years, was appointed professor of political economy in a commercial school in Leipsic. In 1836 he left Leipsic togeether with his brothel Eugene (q.v.) and went to Paris, where he supported himself by miscellaneous literary work. He is best known by his collaboration with his brother in the preparation of La France protestante (9 vols., Paris, 1846-59), a biographical dictionary to which he contributed the articles on the artists and poets. He likewise wrote Satires et poesies diverses (Paris, 1844).

HAAG, EUGENE: French Protestant; brother of the preceding; b. at Montbieliard (100 m. n.e. of Chalon) Feb. 11, 1808; d. at Paris Mar. 5, 1868. After studying theology at Strasburg, he conducted a boarding-school at Cernay, and was then appointed professor of literature at a commercial school in Leipsic. In 1836 he went with his brother to Paris, and there supported himself by translating and by contributing to the periodical press. He also prepared a report on German military science for the Duke of Orléans, assisted in A. J. Matter's revision of the Bible (Paris, 1850) and in editing several periodicals, not only religious but even medical. Among his works special mention may

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be made of his Vie de Luther (Valence, 1840); Vie de Calvin (Paris, 1840); Histoire des dogmes ehrc dens (2 vols., Paris, 1862); and the posthumous Théologie biblique (1870). His chief fame, however, rests upon his La France protestante (9 vols., Paris, 1846-59), to which he contributed all the articles except those on artists and poets. Together with C. Weiss, A. Coquerel, jr., and C. Read he also founded in 1852 the Social d'histoire du protestan tisme franfais, of which he was secretary and vice president, as well as editor of the journal of the society.

HAAS, JOHN AUGUSTUS WILLIAM: Lutheran; b. at Philadelphia, Aug. 31, 1862. He was educated at the University of Pennsylvania (A.B., 1884), the Lutheran Seminary at Mt. Airy, Philadelphia (1887), and the University of Leipsic (1887-88). He then held pastorates at Grace Lutheran Church, New York City, in 1388-96, and St. Paul's Lutheran Church in the same city in 1896-1904. Since 1904 he has been president of Muhlenberg College, Allen town Pa., where he is also professor of religion and philosophy. In theology his position is conserva tively Lutheran, although he makes allowance for modern positions, especially with regard to Biblical research and the doctrine of inspiration and atonement. He has written Commentary on the Gospel of Mark (New York, 1895); BZlical Criticism (Phila delphia, 1902); and Bible Literature (1903), and was also a coeditor and contributor of the Lutheran Cyclopedia (New York, 1899).