HARDY, ROBERT SPENCE: English Wesleyan missionary and Buddhist scholar; b. at Preston (28 m. n.e. of Liverpool), Lancashire, July 1, 1803; d. at Headingly (1 m. n.w. of Leeds), Yorkshire, Apr. 16, 1868. He was admitted to the British Conference in 1825, and subsequently appointed missionary to Ceylon. After a. faithful service of twenty-three years in this field, he returned to England and served on several important circuits. He was a man of wide culture, and the author of several authoritative works on Buddhism in Ceylon and on Pali literature, viz.: The British Government and the Idolatry of Ceylon (London, 1841); Eastern Monachism: an Account of the Origin, Laws, Discipline, Sacred Writings . . . and Present Circumstances of the Order of Mendicants, founded by Gdtama Buddha (1850); A Manual of Buddhism in its Modern Development, translated from Singhalese MSS. (1853); and The Legends and Theories of the Buddhists compared with History and Science (1866).

HARE, AUGUSTUS WILLIAM: Church of England; b. in Rome Nov. 17, 1792; d. there Feb. 18, 1834. At the age of five he was adopted by his aunt, the widow of Sir William Jones, and was brought up in her home near Basingstoke, Hampshire. He attended Winchester College and New College, Oxford, and in 1818, after a long visit to Italy, returned to the latter college as tutor. He incurred his aunt's displeasure by declining to qualify for the rich family living of Hurstmonceaux, but he received ordination in 1825, and in 1829 became rector of the small country parish of AltonBarnes. In 1833 failing health drove him to Italy. By his plain and fervent preaching and unselfish devotion to his duties he won the hearts of the people, and came to be justly regarded as a model rural clergyman. His important works are: Guesses at Truth (London, 1827), in collaboration with his brother, Julius Charles Hare (q.v.); and Sermons to a Country Congregation (2 vols., 1836), which have been widely read and often reprinted as The Akon Sermons.

Bibliography: A. J. C. Hare, Memorials of a Quiet Life, 2 vols., London, 1872; DNB, xxiv. 364.

HARE, JULIUS CHARLES: One of the most influential of the English theologians of the first half of the nineteenth century; b. at Valdagno (14 m. n.w. of Vicenza) Italy, Sept. 13, 1795; d. at Hurstmonceaux (20 m. em.e. of Brighton), Sussex, England, Jan. 23,1855. He was sent to the Charterhouse School, London, in 1806; in 1812 he entered Trinity College, Cambridge; in 1818 was made fellow and tutor, and gathered about him a circle of admiring students, among them John Sterling, Richard Chenevix Trench, and Frederick Denison Maurice, whose sister he married in 1844. He was ordained

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in 1826, and in 1832 became rector of Hurstmonceaux, where he labored till his death, surrounded by a large circle of friends, and highly. esteemed. In 1840 he was appointed archdeacon of Lewes in the diocese of Chichester, and chaplain to the queen.

Archdeacon Hare combined thorough scholarship, original thought, noble character, harmless wit, and manly piety. He was as familiar with Luther, Schleiermacher, Neander, Olshausen, Nitzsch, Tholuck, and other German theologians as with Crammer, Hooker, Leighton, Pearson, and Tillotson. His love for German scholarship was intensified by his study of Coleridge's works, whom he profoundly esteemed as a Christian philosopher, and by his intimacy with Thomas Arnold of Rugby, and with Bunsen, whom he met in Rome in 1832. This visit to Rome formed an epoch in his life. In philosophy Archdeacon Hare was an independent disciple of Coleridge. In theology he had most sympathy with Dr. Arnold, but excelled him in the extent of his scholarship. He was one of the founders of the Evangelical Broad-church school, which seeks to liberalize the Anglican communion by keeping it in friendly intercourse with Continental thought and learning. He was a sturdy champion of Protestantism against the encroachments of Romanism and Tractarianism, but he never exposed himself to the charge of disloyalty to the Church, nor forgot the personal respect due to his opponents. His strength lay in his combination of theological attainments with purity of character, and in his talent for stimulating others to study and investigation.

Archdeacon Hare first became known as an author through Guesses at Truth by Two Brothers (London, 1827; lasted., much enlarged, 1871; selections, ed. P. E. G. Girdlestone, 1897), written by himself and his elder brother, Augustus William Hare (q.v.). With Bishop Thirlwall he translated Niebuhr's history of Rome (2 vols., 1828-32). His ablest theological work was The Mission of the Comforter, with Notes (1846), which contains five sermons preached at Cambridge in 1840 on the words of Jesus on the office of the Holy Spirit (John xvi. 7-11). More than half of the work consists of learned notes and excursuses. His defense of Luther, originally the tenth note of this work, separately issued in an enlarged form shortly before Hare's death, is the ablest vindication of the Reformer against the attacks of Bossuet, Hallam, Sir William Hamilton, and the Oxford Tractarians. Hare also contributed the text for the English edition of König's illustrations of the life of Luther. In 1839 he delivered at Cambridge a series of instructive and inspiring sermons on I John v. 5, published in 1840 as The Victory of Faith (3d ed. by E. H. Plumptre, London, 1874). The sixth sermon contains one of the most eloquent descriptions of the conquering power of faith in the English language (pp. 225 sqq.), but the extreme length of the sermons elicited expressions of disapproval when they were delivered. The Contest with Rome (1851) is one of the most trenchant of the Anglican writings called forth by the controversy with Romanism and Puseyism. A collection of his Charges was published in 1856, a year after his death.

(Philip Schaff†.) D. S. Schaff.

Bibliography: A. J. C. Hare, Memorials of a Quiet Life, London, 1872; the essay by F. D. Maurice prefixed to the Charges collected London, 1856, and A. P. Stanley, in Quarterly Review, July, 1855, both prefixed to The Victory of Faith, London, 1874; DNB, xxiv. 369-372; and the Memoir by E. H. Plumptre, prefixed to the later editions of Gueaaea at Truth, e.g., London, 1871.