GREGORY OF UTRECHT: An early Frankish missionary; b. 707 or 708; d. at Utrecht Aug. 25, 775 or 776. Ile was educated at the court school and in the monastery of Pfalzl (diocese of Treves), where in 722 he met Boniface, whose constant com panion he became. Toward the end of his life he appears as a priest and head of the minater school of St. Martin's in Utrecht. After the death of Boniface, he was charged by Pope Stephen III. and King Pepin with the evangelization of the Frisians. His own work was mostly confined to central Frisia, with his headquarters either at Utrecht or at Wijk, though his influence extended much further through his scholars. He refused promotion to the episcopate, but in his later years had the assistance of the Anglo-Saxon Aluberht, who was consecrated bishop at his request by the archbishop of York in 767.

(A. Hauck.)

Bibliography: The Vita by Liudger is in ASB, Aug., v. 241-264 (cf. June, i. 483-487), in MPL, xcix. 752-770, and, ed. Holder-Egger, in MGH, Script., xv (1887), 6379. Consult: A. Ebert, Allgemeine Geschichte der Literatur des Mittelalters, ii. 106-108, Leipsic, 1889; G. F. Maelear, Apostles of Medimal Europe, London, 1888; Rettberg, KD, ii. 531; Hauck, HD, ii. 344 sqq.; Moeller, Christian Church, ii. 65.

GREGORY, CASPAR RENE: Lutheran; b. at Philadelphia, Pa., Nov. 6, 1846. He was educated at the University of Pennsylvania (A.B., 1864),

the Theological Seminary of the Reformed Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia (1865-67), Princeton Theological Seminary (1867-73), and the University of Leipsic (Ph. D., 1876). After the completion of his studies in Germany, he was appointed subeditor of the Theologische Literaturzeitung, and held this position until 1884, being also pastor of the American Chapel at Leipsic in 1878-79. In 1884 he became privat-docent of theology in the University of Leipsic and was appointed associate professor three years later, being promoted full professor in 1889, after having declined an appointment as professor of New Testament Greek at Johns Hopkins University in 1885. He has written the Prolegomena (3 parts) to the eighth major edition of %. von Tischendorf's Novum Testamentum Grwce (Leipsic, 1884-94); Textkritik des Neuen Testamentes (2 vols., 1900-02); Canon and Text of the N. T. (New York, 1907); and Das Freer Logion (1908). He has also translated C. E. Luthardt's Das johanneische Evangelium under the title St. John the Author of the Fourth Gospel (Edinburgh, 1875) and the same scholar's commentary on the Gospel of John (3 vols., 1876-1878), in addition to assisting Charles Hodge in the preparation of his Systematic Theology (3 vols., New York, 1871-73).