HENRY OF LANGENSTEIN (Henricus de Hassia) : Roman Catholic; b. near Langenatein, upper Hesse, c. 1340; d. at Vienna Feb. 11, 1397. He received his early education at Kirchhain, probably among the Carmelites, then entered the University of Paris, where, on completing his studies, he became professor of philosophy in 1363. He soon acquired fame as an astronomer and as an opponent of astrology. After 1375 he devoted himself entirely to theology, lecturing and writing on dogmatics, Biblical exegesis, and canon law. Early in 1383 he was compelled to leave Paris, be cause he, together with the best forces of the Uni versity, had declared himself in favor of Urban VI. against the French Pope Clement VII. He en tered the Cistercian monastery at Eberbach-on-the Rhine, but later in the same year accepted a call to the University of Vienna, becoming rector of the university in 1394. He has been celebrated as a prophet of the Reformation, but he has no claim to that distinction. His chief work is the Epistola concilii paeis (in H. von der Hardt's Magnum mcu menicum Constantiense, ii. 1, 3-80, 6 vols., Leipsic, 1697-1700), written in 1381 with reference to the papal schism and emphasizing the necessity of a general council.

(B. Bess.)

Bibliography: His Epistola de oathadra Petri. and Inroec tiva contra moiudrum Babylonis are in A. Kneer, Die Ent"ung der konxiliaren Theorie, pp. 127-129, 134-145, cf. 103 sqq., 130-134, Rome, 1893; his Epistala de oblatu epiacopatu Osiliensi was published at Helmetfidt, 1715; his Eputola pact's was also reprinted at the same place, 1779; and his Liter adversw Telesphors . . roatieinia is in B. Pes, Thesaurus aneodotomm, i. 2, pp. 507-588, Augsburg, 1721. The one book to consult is 0. Hartwig, Leben and ScTustten Heinrirhe von Lanpsnatein, Marburg, 1858. Consult further: Kneer, ut sup.; ductmium cisartulSrii Uniroersitatis Pariaiensie, ed. H. Denifle and A. Chatelain, vol. i., Paris, 1894; Chartularium Universitatis Parisionsis, same editors, vol. iii., ib. 1894; P. Fdret, La Facuiti de dEologia de Paris, iii. 283 -qq., ib. 1898; Pastor, Popes: i., passim, consult indexamder Langenetein.

HENRY OF LAUSANNE: An itinerant preacher of France of the first half of the twelfth century; d. after 1145. From contemporary accounts preserved by his enemies it appears that he was not a native of France. He was a man of deep learning and extraordinary oratorical powers; the tradition that he had been a member of the congregation of Cluny (whence he has been called Henry of Cluny)

has not been substantiated. According to his opponents, he left the cloister because of gross irregularities in conduct, but there is as little foundation for this report as for the Protestant statement that he was moved to the step by the corruption of monastic life. As a matter of fact, his life was that of an ascetic outside of the cloister, and he remained true to the tenets of medieval faith. In 1101 he made his appearance in Le Mans and from Bishop Hildebert obtained permission to preach. The influence he exerted on his auditors was tremen dous. The charge that he attacked the faith of the Church is justified only to the extent that he found the only basis for the sanctity of the priesthood and the validity of the sacraments in purity of action and sincerity of repentance and belief. At the order of Hildebert he left Le Mans and passed by way of Poitiers and Bordeaux into Provence, where he seems to have preached in conjunction with Peter of Bruys (q.v.). In 1135 he was arrested by the archbishop of Arles and brought before the Synod of Pisa, which probably refused to condemn him as a heretic, but attempted to put an end to his public work by ordering him to enter a cloister. Despatched with a letter to Bernard at Clairvaux, he must have remained there for a brief time only, if at all, and returned to his mission work in the south of France. Döllinger's supposition that Henry was imbued with Manichean doctrines is based on an unjustifiable interpretation of the account of Peter the Venerable. For ten years Henry pursued his work without molestation, but in 1145, at the instance of the papal legate Alberic, Bernard of Clairvaux was sent to the south to com bat his teachings. Henry was arrested, and died probably soon after.

(A. Hauck.)

Bibliography: Sources are Bernard of Clairvaux, Epist., 241-242, in his Opera, ed. J. Mabillon, i. 199 sqq., Paris, 1887; Gaufrid of Clairvaux, Epist., 5, in MPL, clxxxv. 412; Vita Bernhardi, iii. 18-19; idem, 312 -qq.; the Bx ordiwe rnopnum, xvii., idem, pp. 427-428; Ada spiacoporum Cenomanensium, in J. Mabillon, Vetera anolata, Paris, 1723. Consult: A. Neander, Der Wig@ Bernhard and #sin Zeitalter, with additions by Deutsch, Gotha, 1889; C. N. Hahn, Geschichte der Ketzer im Afittelaltar, Stuttgart, 1845; J. J. I. von Döllinger, Beiträge zur Sektmrgesch06s, i. 75 sqq., Munich, 1889; E. Vacandard, Vie de B. Bernard, ii. 217 sqq. Paris, 1895; and the literature under Bernard of Clairyaux.