HEHN, h6hn, JOHANN FERDINAND: German Roman Catholic; b. at Burghausen (57 m. e. of Munich) Jan. 4, 1873. He was educated at the universities of Würzburg (D.D., 1899) and Berlin (Ph.D., 1902), and in 1903 became privat-docent at Würzburg, where in the same year he was appointed associate professor of Old Testament exegesis and Biblical Oriental languages, becoming full professor in 1907. He has written: Die Einsetzung des heiligen Abendmahles als Beweis für die Gottheit Christi (Würzburg, 1899) and Sünde urul Erlosung each biblischer and babylonischer Anschattung (Leipsic, 1903).

HEIDANUS, hai'ds-nus, ABRAHAM: Reformed theologian; b. at Frankenthal (15 m. n. by w. of Speyer) in the Palatinate Aug. 10, 1597; d. at Leyden Oct. 15, 1678. In 1608 his father, a clergyman, was called to Amsterdam, where Abraham studied in the school of Mattheeus Sladus. Later he was sent to Leyden to be trained as preacher of the Walloon Church. After a two years' journey in Germany, Switzerland, France, and England, he became preacher of the Netherlandish Reformed congregation in Naarden in 1623. In 1627 he was called to Leyden, and in 1648 he became professor at the University of Leyden. At that time the study of Aristotle ruled in the Dutch universities and was closely bound up with the orthodoxy of Dort. Heidanus, however, and Johannes Cocceius (q.v.) showed a predilection for the teachings of Descartes. Both had to encounter vehement opposition from the camp of the orthodox, headed by Vo6tius. The doctrine of Cocceius spread, in spite of the efforts of the curators of the University of Leyden to suppress it. At their instigation Friedrich Spanheim and Antonius Hulsius compiled the theses of the new doctrine which gave the most offense, and Jan. 7,1675, it was forbidden to treat "in any manner, directly or indirectly" at the university twenty-three propositions. Heidanus.

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seeing herein an attack on the liberty of teaching, opposed it in his Consideration over eenige saecken onlanghs voorgevallen in de Universiteiyt binnen Leyden (Leyden, 1676). The work caused such a sensation that within ten days a second edition was necessary, and a third appeared in the same year. Heidanus maintained that his teachings did not contradict the confessional writings, but only presented their truths in a different light. However, on May 4, 1676, he was deposed from his office. The course of the curators was disapproved by many in the Netherlands as well as in foreign countries.

Heidanus represented the view that theology and philosophy should remain each in its own sphere. According to him, there is no such intimate connection between the theology of Cocceius and the philosophy of Descartes that a follower of the former must necessarily agree with the Cartesians. He himself as a theologian was in sympathy with Cocceius, as a philosopher a disciple of Descartes, but his Cartesianism hardly influenced his theology. His writings include:, Proeve en wederlegginghe des Remorestrantschen Calechismi (Leyden, 1641); De causa Dei, dat is de sake Godts yerdedight tegen den mensche (1645); Disputationes de Sabbsto et die dominics (Amsterdam, 1658); Consideration over de heyliging van den Sabbat ends den. dagh des Heeren tot vrede der Kerchen (Leyden, 1659).

(S. D. van Veen.)

Bibliography: The funeral oration by C. Wittich was pub-

lished Leyden, 1679. Consult P. Bayle, Dictionary, Historical and Critical, iii. 360-364, London, 1736 (quite full, quotes sources); J. A. Cramer, Abraham Heidanus en zi§n Cartesianimme, Utrecht, 1889.