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GREECE.

I. In the Apostolic Age.
Government under the Romans. The Proconsul Gallio (§ 1).
Paul at Athens (§ 2).
Corinth (§ 3).
Nicopolis (§ 4).
II. Modern Greece.

I. In the Apostolic Age

1. Government under the Romans. The Proconsul Gallio

throw of the Achean league under under Mummius in 146 B.C., Greece became a the Romans. Roman province, administered by the consul, proconsul, or pretor of Macedonia. After the battle of Actium (31 B.C.) Augustus made Achaea an independent province comprising, besides the southern part of Greece, Eubaea and moat of the Cyclades, the latter remaining so attached till the third century when they were connected with the newly established "island eparchy." When the provinces were divided into senatorial and imperial, Greece was allotted to the senate. Tiberius united it again with Macedonia, but under Claudius in 44 A.D. the former order was reestablished. During the period 44-67 A.D., when Christianity took root in Achaea, it was a senatorial province and was governed by proconsuls, assisted by a legate and queator. They had the command of the provincial army and jurisdiction in criminal and civil affairs. One of the beat-known proconsuls was Gallic (Acts aviii. 12) or Lucius Annaeus Novatua, son of Marcus Animus Seneca the elder and elder brother of the famous Seneca. Having been adopted by Lucius Junius Gallic, he took the name Junius Gallic. The date of Gallio's proconsulate in Acha:a is very doubtful and no dependence can be placed on mention of him as a basis for the chronology of Paul's life. More important, however, is his attitude toward the tumults caused by Paul's Preaching. The Jews of Corinth accused Paul not of political offense, as did those of Thessalonica (Acts suit. 7), but of preaching a new religion "contrary to the law" (Acts aviii. 13)-no doubt the Mosaic law, not the Roman. Gallic was free to interfere or let the matter drop; the important point was whether the apostasy from Judaism was proven and the new religion appeared important or dangerous. Since the Jews were divided among themselves, Gallic considered the whole matter a quarrel of the Jews especially as there was no qreestion of "wrong or wicked lewdness" (Acts xviii. 14-16). Gallio's disposition to hear the Jews in case of a wrong indicates that at Corinth, as elsewhere, the Jews had no jurisdiction in criminal matters. As a whole the Greek cities had certain liberties under the Roman administration. Some enjoyed an especially favored position, being treated as civitntes fcederattv.

The condition of the land at the time of Strabo's visit in 29 B.c.

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