E

E: The symbol employed to designate the Elohistic (Ephraimitic) document which, according to the critical school, is one of the components of the Hexateuch (q.v.). See Hebrew Language And Literature, II., 4.

EACHARD, JOHN: English clergyman and satirist; b. in Suffolk c. 1636; d. at Cambridge July 7, 1697. He studied at Catherine Hall, Cambridge, of which he became Master in 1675. He was created D.D., by royal mandamus in 1675 and was elected vice-chancellor of the university in 1679 and again in 1695. He published anonymously his famous essay, The Grounds and Decisions of the Contempt of the Clergy arid Religion, inquired into in a Letter to R. L. (London, 1670), in which he attributed the failure of the clergy to their defective education. Other works from his pen are, Some Observations upon the Answer to an Enquiry . . . in a second Letter to R. L. (London, 1671), a sequel to the foregoing; Mr. Hobbs' State of Nature . . (London, 1672); and Some Opinions of Mr. Hobbs (1673). Eachard was master of a light bantering style that was particularly effective in satire, but he

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did not succeed in serious writing. The beat collected edition of his works was published in London in three volumes, 1774.

Bibliography: A Life, by T. Davies, is prefixed to the Collected Works, ut sup.; DNB, avi. 302-303.

EADFRID (EADFRITH, EDFRID): Eighth bishop of Lindiafarne, 698 till his death in?21. He was an ardent disciple of St. Cuthbert (q.v.) and the great aim of his life was to honor his master. He repaired Cuthbert's oratory on Farne Island, and at his solicitation the anonymous life of Cuthbert was written, as well as both of the lives by Beds, the one in prose being dedicated. to Eadfrid and his monks. The so-called "-Durham Book" or "Lindiafarne Gospels," a manuscript of Jerome's version of the four Gospels withthe addenda usual in such manuscripts, beautifully written on vellum in half-uncial letters, now in the British Museum, is believed with good reason to have been originally written and illuminated by Eadfrid. His successor at Lindisfarne, Ethelwald, adorned the work with gold and jewels, and in the tenth century a certain Aldred added an interlinear gloss in the Northumbrian dialect. The manuscript is one of the most beautiful in Europe and testifies to Eadfrid's skill. The Latin text and Aldred's glosses were edited for the Surteea Society by J. Stevenson and G. Waring (4 parts, 1854-65) and for the Cambridge Press by J. M. Kemble, C. Hardwick, and W. W. Skeat (1858-78).

Bibliography: Sources are in: Symeon of Durham, Historia Dunelmenaia ecdeaix, ed. T. Arnold, Rolls Series, no. 75, vol, i. passim, London, 1879; Bede, Vita CuthZrerti, preface. Consult also DNB, xvi. 300-307.