DU BOIS, WILLIAM EDWARD BURGHARDT: Protestant Episcopal layman; b. at Great Barrington, Mass., Feb. 23, 1868. He was educated at Fisk University (B.A., 1888), Harvard (Ph.D., 1895), and the University of Berlin, and after being fellow in sociology at Harvard in 1890-1902 and traveling fellow in 1892-94, was professor in Wilberforce University (1894-96), and assistant instructor in sociology in the University of Pennsylvania (1896-97). Since 1897 he has been professor of economics and history in Atlanta University. He was general secretary of the Niagara Movement from 1905 to 1908, and, while a communicant of the Episcopal Church, interprets "its creed very broadly, so broadly, in fact, that I ought not perhaps to be considered as a member." He has written: Suppressions of the Slave Trade (New York, 1896); The Philadelphia Negro (Philadelphia, 1899); Souls of Black Folk (Chicago, 1903);

and The Negro in the South (in collaboration with B. T. Washington; Philadelphia, 1907).

DUBOSC, dii"host' (DU BOSC), PIERRE THOMINES: French Protestant preacher; b. at Bayeux (17 m. w.n.w. of Caen) Feb. 21,1623; d. at Rotterdam Jan. 2, 1692. He was educated at Montauban and Saumur, and at the age of twenty-three became pastor of the Reformed congregation of Caen. He was one of the first preachers of his Church to discard dogmatic sermons in favor of appeals to the imagination and feelings of his hearers, and the majority of addressee contained in his two collections of sermons (2 vols., Rotterdam, 1692; 4 vols., 1701) are practical applications of Biblical facto and concepts. In 1663 he presided over the Synod of Rouen, but having incurred the hostility of the Roman Catholics, he was banished to Chalons, though he was soon allowed to return. In the persecutions which increased in severity after 1665 he rendered valuable aid to his Church by his courage and skill in his negotiations with the court, where he won the favor of Louis XIV. On June 6, 1685, however, a decree of the Parliament of Rouen forbade him to exercise his office in France, and he accordingly went to Holland, where the prince of Orange received him with great honor. His biography, together with a valuable collection of addresses, maxims, and sermons, was published by his

eon-in-law, Philippe Legendre, under the title La Vie de Pierre Thomines, sieur du Bose, ministre de Caen (Rotterdam, 1694; enlarged ed., 1716). A series of his sermons on the Epistle to the Ephesiane was translated into English by J. B. Law, together with an introductory essay and a biographical sketch (London, 1853).

(C. Pfender.)