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30, 1891. He was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge (B.A., 1835; M.A., 1838); became assistant master of King's School, Sherborne, 1835; was curate of Sandford Orcas, Somerset, 1838-1845; head master of Falmouth School, 1846-56; perpetual curate of Penwerris, Cornwall, 1846-61; became rector of St. Gerrans, Cornwall, 1861; prebendary of Exeter, 1874; and vicar of Hendon, 1876. He was a member of the New-Testament revision committee, 1872-80; received a pension of £100, in 1872, in recognition of his eminent Biblical services; and was the author of A Supplement to the Authorized English Version of the New Testament (London, 1845); Collation of Twenty Greek Manuscripts of the Holy Gospel (Cambridge, 1853); Codex Augiensis, . . . (and) Fifty other Manuscripts, Gk. and Lat. (1859); Novum Testamentum Textus Stephanici (1860; 7th ed., 1877); Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament (1861; 4th enlarged ed., 2 vols., 1894); Collation of the Codex Sinaiticus (1863; 2d rev. ed., 1867); Bezm Codex Cantar brigiensis, Gr. and Lat. (1864) ; Six Popular Lectures on the Text of the New Testament (1875); and edited The Cambridge Paragraph Bible (1870-73), the introduction to which appeared in separate revised edition (1884); and The New Testament in the Original Greek, according to the Text Followed in the Authorized Version together with the Variations Adopted in the Revised Version (1881).

BIBLIOGRAPHY: P. Schaff, Companion to the Greek Testament and the Revised Version, New York, 1883; C. R. Gregory, Canon and Text of the N. T., pp. 480 182, New York, 1907; DNB, li. 126.

SCRIVER, acrf'ver, CHRISTIAN: German Lutheran devotional writer; b. at Rendaburg (18 m. w. of Kiel) Jan. 2, 1629; d. at Quedlinburg (31 m. s.w. of Magdeburg) Apr. 5, 1693. He entered the University of Rostock in 1647, and in 1653 was appointed archdeacon at Stendal, whence he was called in 1667 to Magdeburg as pastor of St. James's. Here he remained twenty-three years, until in 1690 he was made chief court chaplain at Quedlinburg, a position which he held until his death. The friend of Spener, Scriver was one of those theologians of the latter part of the seventeenth century who opposed the formalism then besetting Lutheranism, and thus prepared the way for Pietism, even while himself maintaining strict orthodoxy. The writings of Scriver now most interesting were devotional, those including the Gottholds vierhundert zufallige Andaehten (1667; lasted., Basel, 1893; Eng. transl., Gotthold's Emblems: or, Invisible Things understood by Things that are made, by R. Menzies, Edinburgh, 1857), a collection of 400 parables; Gotthold's Siechund Siegesbette (1687; new ed., Stuttgart, 1870); and Chrysologia Catechetica, Goldpredigten tlber die Hauptstiicke des lutherischen Katechismus (1687; new ed., Stuttgart, 1861). His most important work, however, was his Seelenschatz (5 parts, 16751692; new ed., 3 vols., Berlin, 1852-53), describing the progress of the soul from misery to eternal life and combining allegory, dogmatics, and ethics. Scriver was also a hymn-writer, though here he was but second-rate. Nevertheless, three of his compositions have been translated into English: "Auf, Seel, and danke deinem Herrn" as " To God, my

BIBLIOGRAPHY: To the funeral sermon by S. Calvisius, Helmstadt, 1684, there is added a sketch of Scriver's life. There are biographies by O. Weinechenk, Leipsic, 1729; and H. Krieg, Dresden, 1872. Consult further, H. Beck, Die religiose Volkslitteratur den foanpetiachen Kirche Deutachlanda, pp. 143 aqq., Goths, 1891; C. Grosse, Die alien Tr6ater, Herrmanasburg, 1900; Julian, Hymnology, pp.1034-35.

Church of England; b. at Wye (24 m. s.e. of Rochester), Kent, July 24, 1813; d. at Ditchingham (12 m. s.e. of Norwich), Norfolk, Jan. 31, 1881. He was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge (B.A., 1835), of which he became a fellow in 1837. After teaching for a time, he was appointed, in 1839, rector of Ditchingham, a parish which he held until his death. Theologically he was distinctly a Highchurchman, though not of the most advanced type. An admirable patristic and liturgical scholar, he was the author of The Communion of the Laity (London, 1855); Litanies for Use at the various Seasons of the Christian Year, before and after the Holy Communion, and on other Occasions (1860); The North Side of the Table: An historical Enquiry (1870); and Notitia Eucharistia (1872; a masterpiece in its field). In the sphere of polemics and church history he wrote Letters to a Seceder from the Church of England (London, 1851); England and Rome: A Discussion of the Principal Points of Difference (1855); and The Diocesan Synods of the Earlier Church (1878). He also gained a lasting reputation as a devotional writer, his works here being Steps to the Altar: A Manual of Devotions for the Blessed Eucharist (London, 1846, and constantly reprinted); Words to Take with us: A Manual of Daily and Occasional Prayers (1859); The Hour of Prayer, being a Manual of Devotion for the Use of Families and Schools (1873); and Incense for the Altar: A Series of Devotions for . . . Communicants (1874).

or " Steps to the Altar " and " The Devotions of the Reformers" compared, Hobart Town, 1851; DNB, li. 157-158.

SCUDDER, acud'er, HENRY MARTYN: Missionary to India and Japan;. b. at Panditeripo, Jaffna District, Ceylon, Feb. 5, 1822; d. at Winchester, Mass., June 4, 1895. He was the son of John Scudder (q.v.); was educated at New York University and Williams College, and graduated at the former, 1840; studied at Union Theological Seminary, New York, 1840-43 ; was missionary under the American Board at Madras, India, 1844-51; and, after exploring the Arcot district, was stationed there where he established a dispensary. Ills study of medicine gave him special facility for access to the people. In 1864, his health declined and he returned to America, becoming successively pastor of the Grand Street Reformed Church, Jersey City, N. J., 186"5; the Howard Presbyterian Church, San Francisco, Cal., 1865-71; the Central Congregational Church, Brooklyn, N. Y., 1871-82; and the