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their death, consecrated pillars and staves "after their names," applied the names of their kings to the elements, and knew no other gods than those of nature-sun, moon, and planets, so that "some of their gods were mortal and some immortal." Eusebius then asserts that Philo "begins his interpretation of Sanchuniathon by setting forth the theology of the Phenicians," and gives the following cosmogony and theogony.

The first principle was "an sir dark with cloud and wind," and a "chaos dark as erebus," both boundless. The wind fell in love with its parents; and "Desire." This was the beginning of creation.

Thus "Mot" was produced-either

of heaven") issued while Mot broke forth into light, the heavenly bodies and the constellations, sea and land became heated, causing storms of wind and clouds and floods and whirlwinds, the tumult of which awaked the intelligent animals that then began to move. All this Sanchuniathon discovered in Thoth's cosmogony and commentaries. Here Eusebius summarizes, saying that the winds Notus and Boreas and other things are called by name. Then he proceeds again to quote to the purport that these [intelligent animals? or "winds and other things"?] were the first who consecrated the productions of earth and worshiped them as gods because they were the supporters of life, making libations to them. From the wind Colpias and his wife Baau ("Night," cf. Hebr. bohu, "chaos") were born the men Aeon and Protogonus ("Age" and "Firstborn"); Aeon discovered foods borne by trees. Their offspring were Genos and Gene& and dwelt in Phenicia, worshiping the sun, calling him Beelsamen (Hebr. Baal shamayim, "Lord of heaven"), the Greek Zeus. From Genos were born mortals named Light, Fire, and Flame, who discovered fire by friction. They also begat giants, whose names were applied to the mountains--Camius, Lebanon, Antilebanon, and Brathy. These in turn begat Memrumus who is also Hypsuranius, taking their names from their mothers. He adds that intercourse between men and women in those days was free. Hypsuranius settled Tyre, and invented huts of reeds and rushes. He quarreled with his brother Ousous, who invented clothing from skins of wild beasts, and first sailed the sea on a log, set up two pillars in his worship of fire and wind, and poured on them libations of blood from game. After the death of Ous6us and Hypsuranius, they were deified and worshiped by their descendants at yearly festivals, where cultic objects were pillars and staves. From the race of Hypsuranius sprang Agreus and Halieus, inventors of fishing and hunting, from whom sprang two brothers who discovered iron and how to work it; one was Chrysor, orator, magician, and diviner, also called Hephiestus, inventor of sailing on rafts, who is also Zeus Meilichios (cf . Jane E. Harrison Prolegomena to the Study of Greek Religion, chap. i., Cambridge 1908). Two youths of this race were Technites ("Artificer") and Geinos

Autochthon ("Earth-born Aboriginal") who mixed straw with clay for bricks and invented roofs. From them came Agros and Agrueros or Agrotes, founders of agriculture, identified with the Titans; their offspring were Amynos and Magus, who developed villages and sheepfolds; next came Misor (Hebr. mishor, "uprightness ") and Suduc (Hebr. zedek, "righteousness "), who discovered salt. Misor's son was Thoth-Hermes, who invented the alphabet and writing. Suduc was the father of the first builders of ships (the Dioscuri or Cabeiri or Corybantes or Samothraci), from whom sprang the first physician. Then were born Elioun (cf. the Hebr. Elyon, "Most High") and the female Beruth (? Hebr. berith, "covenant"), who dwelt near Byblos, from whom came Epigeius or Autochthon (afterwards called Ouranos, Uranus), whose sister was Gd, "Earth." These deified their father Elioun after he had been killed by wild beasts, married, and produced Elus (Hebrew El, "God") or Kronos, Baetylus (Bethel, "shrine"), Dagon who is also Siton, and Atlas.

From this point on the substratum of the "history" is the Greek mythology of Hesiod and later writers. Uranus took other wives, and had a numerous progeny. This offended Ge and she reproached Uranus, who separated from her and then tried to destroy his offspring by her. Kronos, after

he had grown to manhood, with the 4. Theogony help of his secretary Hermes, avenged

drove Uranus from his kingdom, and founded Byblos by building a wall around his own dwelling. Of a concubine of Uranus captured in the war between Kronos and Uranus was born in the house of Dagon the deity Demarus. The descendants of the Dioscuri at this time put together rafts and ships and made voyages, were shipwrecked near Mt. Cassius, and consecrated a temple there. The allies of Kronos in the war with Uranus were called Eloim (cf. Hebr. Elohim, "God" or "gods"). Kronos then became the murderer of one of his sons and one of his daughters. Meanwhile Uranus was constantly intriguing for the overthrow and death of Kronos, sending his daughters Astarte, Rhea, and Dione for this purpose. But they were captured and made the wives of Kronos and bore him the Titanides and others. One of the Titanides married Suduc and became the mother of Asclepius. In Persea Kronos had the sons Kronos the Younger, Zeus Belus, and Apollo, and issue from these were Pontus, Typhon, Nereus, Sidon (inventor of song), and Poseidon. To Demarus was born Melcathrus (Melkart). Finally Uranus was waylaid, killed, and deified. Astarte, Zeus Demarus, and Adodus (Hadad, see RIMMON) ruled the country; the first of these is by Phenicians identified with Aphrodite. Kronos gave Attica to his daughter Athena. When a pestilence occurred, he offered up his only begotten son Iedud (see below § 8) to Uranus (thus beginning the sacrifice of the firstborn) and introduced circumcision. When his son Muth (Thanatos, "Death," Pluto) died, he deified him. He gave Byblos to Baaltis (Beltis, Dione) and Berytus to Poseidon. Thoth had meanwhile invented portraiture and