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tianity upon National CharaeterlZluahotedby the Lives oJthe English Saints, ib. 1902. For other countries: G. Sainat3, Vitt dal Sand nati ualla Dioceai Piaana, Pisa. 1884; E. Noyes, Saints of Italy, London, 1901; E. P. M. Sauvaqe, Actea des eaintee de Rouen. Rouen, 1884 sqq.; C. A. Bernoulli, Die Heilipsn der Merowinper. TiSbingen,1900; A. Legrand,Lea Vies des saints de la Bretagne Armorique, Quimper, 1901; Mary Hamilton, Greek Saints and their Feativala,London, 1910; T. F. Maekea, The Canonization of Saints, ib., 1910.

On the saints in art consult the literature under ART AND CHURCH; PAINTING, ILLUSTRATIVE AND DECORATIVE, CHRISTIAN; and SCOLPTffBE, CaRIeTISN USE or: and the following; C. E. Clement, The Saints in Art, London, 1899; N. Bell. The Saints in Christian Art, 3 vole., Ib. 1901-04; Margaret E. Tabor, The Saints in Art; with their Attributes and Symbols alphabetically arranged, New York, 1908.

SA$$OS. See VESTMENTS AND INSIGNIA, EGG CLESIABTICAL.

SALES, FRANCIS DE. See FRANCIS, SAINT, of SALES.

SALIG, sd'lig, CHRISTIAN AUGUST: German Lutheran church historian; b. at Domersleben, near Magdeburg, Apr. 6, 1692; d. at Wolfenbiittel (32 m. s.e. of Hanover) Oct. 3, 1738. He was educated at the universities of Halls (1707-10) and Jena (1710-12), and, after preaching in his native town for two years, returned to Halls, where he lectured on philology, theology, and history. Here he published his Philosophumena veterum et recelatiorum de anima et ejus immortalitate (Halls, 1714) and took part in editing the New hallische Bibliothek. In 1717 he became associate rector of the lyceum at Wolfenbiittel, a position which he held until his death. Drawing his materials almost entirely from the great library at Wolfenbuttel, Salig wrote his De Eutychianismo ante Eutychium (Wolfenbiittel, 1723), a work which drew upon him the suspicion of Nestorianism, and thus inspired him to write a voluminous Eutychianismi hiatoria, which was never published. He wrote also De diptychis veterum, tam profanis quam sacris (Halls, 1731), but his fame is chiefly due to his labors in the history of the Reformation. He began with the Vollstllndige Hiatmrie der augsburgischen Konfeasiolt and derselben Apologia (Halls, 1730). This was followed in 1733-35 by the Yollsfitndige Historic der augsburgische7t Kanfessian and dzrselben zugethanen Kirchen (omitting the Scandinavian churches), in which an unmistakable sympathy is shown for the followers of C. Schwenkfeld (See SCHWENSFELD vow OssiG, CASPAR, SCHWENgFELDIANB) and V. Krautwald. The conclusion of the series appeared posthumously under the title Yollstdndige Historic des tridentinischen Konziliums (3 vole., ed. S. A. Ballenatedt and J. S. Baumgarten, Halls, 1741-45). (T. KoLDE.)

C. A. Saligii, Helmstadt, 1738; F. k. Hireching, Hiatoriach-Zitteranachea Handbvch, z. 79. Leipsie, 1807; J. M. H. DSring, Die Gelehrlen Theokgen Deutachtanda, iii. 892. Neuatadt, 1833.

SALISBURY, s81z'bur-i (NEW SARUM): Capital of Wiltshire, England (78 m. w.s.w. of London), the seat of a bishopric, with a population of 21,900 (1901). The cathedral, one of the best examples of early English architecture, was built 1220-58 and X.-12

restored since 1868. The cloisters, of the thirteenth century, are the most perfect in England, and constitute a square with sides of 181 feet.

BIRLiOaRAP87: W. H. R. Jones, Documents Illustrating the Hid. of the Cathedral, City and Diocese of Salisbury in the lath and ISth Centuries, Salisbury, 1891; G. D. Boyle, Salisbury Cathedral, London, 1897; C. Wordsworth, Ceremonies and Processions of the Cathedral Church of Salisbury. Cambridge, 1901.

SALLE, JEAN BAPTISTS DE LA. See CHRISTIAN BROTHERS.

SALMANTICENSES, sal-man-ti-aen'sfa: Two extensive scholastic compilations of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, prepared by Discalced Carmelites at Salamanca. The first was a presentation of Thomiatic dogmatics, and the second a compend of Roman Catholic moral theology. The two were preceded by the Discalced Carmelite Complutenses, or Collegium Complutense philosophicum, hoc est, artium curses slue disputatitmes in Aristotelis diateaieam et Philosophiam naturalem juxta angelid, doctaris divi Thamte doctrinam et ejus scholam (5 vole., Alcala, 1624-25). The dogmatic work of the Salamanca Carmelites bore the title of Curses theologicus, Summam theologicam divi Thtrmte lootoris angelid compleetena (9 vole., Salamanca, 1831 sqq.; 3d ed., by Palmi, Paris, 20 vole., 1871-85). The theological standpoint of the dogmatics is strictly Thomistic, frequently assailing the semi-Pelagianism of Molina, and more or less opposed to the Jesuits. The moral compend, or Curses theologi.te moralis (6 vole., Salamanca, 1665 sqq.), on the other hand, is more akin to the Jesuit scholastic in its probabilism. The chief collaborators on the dogmatics were Antoniua de Olivero (Antonius a Metre Dei), Dominicus a Santa Theresa, and Johannes ab Annuntiatione; and on the morals Franciscus a Jesu Maria, Andreas a Metre Dei, Sebastianus a Joachim, and Ildefonsus ab Angelis.

(O. Z13cRLERf.)

BIRLIOa$wpHy: N. Antonius. Bsbliodheca Hispanics. i. 113, ii. 220, Rome, 1872; $. Warner, Thomas van Aquin, iii. 381 eqq., Regensburg, 1859; J. J. I. van Dbllinger and F. H. Reueeh, Geachichte der Moralatreit£pkeiten in der remisch-katholixhen Birche, i. 81, 410 sqq., Bonn, 1887; Heimbucher, Orden and %nprepationen, ii. 564; %L, a. 1585.

SALMASIUS, sal-m6'ehi->7s, CLAUDIUS (CLAUDE DE SAUMAISE): French Protestant polyhistor; b. at Semuren-Auzois (128 m. a.e. of Paris) Apr. 15, 1588; d. at Spaa (18 m. s.e. of LiSge), Belgium, Sept. 3, 1653. While a student of philosophy at Paris (1604--06), he professed Calvinism, and later studied jurisprudence at Heidelberg (1606-(19). Returning to France, he became an advocate at Dijon, but feeling himself impeded in such a career by his Protestantism, he turned to literature, and quickly became renowned throughout Europe. He accepted, in 1632, the offer to succeed Joseph Scaliger at Leyden. Here his scope as an author spread constantly. At the height of his fame he defended the cause of the Stuarts and Charles I. against the commonwealth, in his anonymous Defensio regia pro Carob 1. (Leyden, 1649), which provoked the anger of Milton, to whom he replied in his posthumous Ad Miltonum resPonaio (Divione, 1660). In 1650 he accepted the call of Christina of Sweden to