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SACY, LOUIS ISAAC LEMAISTRE DE. See LEMAISTRE DE SACY, LOUIS ISAAC.

SADDUCEES. See PHARISEES AND SADDUCEE$. SADOLETO, as1"do-le'to, JACOPO: Italian cardinal; b. at Modena 1477; d. at Rome Oct. 18, 1547. He received a humanistic training at Ferrara, which he completed at Rome during the pontificate of Alexander VI., the earliest results being the three treatises De Cajo Curtio, De Laocoontis statua, and De laudibus philosophise. Here, too, he was ordained to the priesthood and was soon appointed apostolic secretary by Leo X. to change the style of the papal briefs from barbarous Latinity to Ciceronian elegance. Though later raised to the episcopate of Carpentras, Sadoleto remained in Rome until after the death of Leo X., returning once more at the request of Clement VII. He was at Carpentras when Rome was sacked by the troops of Charles V. in May, 1527, but the event turned his thoughts to serious themes, evinced in his De literis recte instituendis (Venice, 1533) and his Commentarius in epistolam Sancti Pauli ad Romanos (Lyons, 1535). In 1534 he was raised to the cardinalate by Paul III., and accordingly resumed residence in Rome, where, in 1536, he took part in the preparation of the Consilium de emendanda ecclesia (see PAUL III.), the result exposing him and his colleagues to suspicion of heresy. His commentary on Romans was forbidden as Semipelagian, although the prohibition was withdrawn after Sadoleto had appealed to the Sorbonne and had modified certain passages. On June 19, 1537, Sadoleto addressed a letter to Melanchthon urging him to be reconciled with the Roman Catholic Church, and in Mar., 1539, he wrote to the municipal council of Geneva to restore that city to the Roman Catholic faith, an act which evoked Calvin's brilliant Responsio std Sadoleli epistolam (Sept. 1, 1539). Both letters are given in English in Tracts Relating to the Reformation by John Calvin, transl. by H. Beveridge, i. 3-71, Edinburgh, 1844.

Sadoleto was one of the number who based all hopes of the amelioration of the Church on the convening of a general council, and while, as in the sweeping inquiry into the existence of heresy at Modena in 1542, he deprecated extreme measures, he made no surrender of church doctrine. At the same time, he was no friend of the Reformation, and he was in hearty sympathy with the suppression of the Waldensians in Cabrieres and M6rindol in May, 1545; and letters written by Sadoleto's nephew in the preceding year show that influence in this direction was brought to bear upon Francis I. from Sadoleto himself. In 1543 he was recalled to Rome to assist in the preparations for the Council of Trent, and remained there until his death. His principal writings, besides those already mentioned, were: De philosophia (Lyons, 1538); Philosophicse consolationes et meditationes in adversis; Ad principes populosque Germanise exhortatio ; and Epistolarum libri sedecim std Paulum Sadoletum (Lyons, 1550). His collected works were edited at Mainz in 1607, and, more fully, at Verona in four

BIBLIOGRAPHY: Lives are prefixed to the " Collected Works," ut Supra. Notices from contemporary and later literature are given in A. Teisaier, gZopea des Iwmmea eavanta, vol. i., Leyden, 1715. Consult further: G. von Schulthess-Rechberg, Der Kardinal Jacopo Sadoleto, Zurich, 1909; F. Cancellieri, Vita del Cardinal Sadoleto, Rome, 1823· A. P_ricaud, Fragments bioprayhiques sur J. Sadolet, Lyons, 1849; A. Joly, etude sur J. Sadolet, Caen, 1856; A. Zimmermann, Kardinal Pole, sein Leben and seine SchriJten, p. 389, Regensburg, 1893; M. Haile, Life of Reginald Pole, passim, London, 1910; KL, a. 15241525; Lichtenberger, ESR, xi. 387-389.

SAEGMUELLER, s6g'miil-ler, JOHANNES BAPTIST: German Roman Catholic; b. at Winterreute (a village near Biberach, 23 m. s.s.w. of Ulm), Wiirttemberg, Feb. 24, 1860. He was educated at the University of Tiibingen (Ph.D., 1888) and the theological seminary at Rottenburg; was curate at Alpirsbach (1884-87); lecturer at the Wilhelmstift, Tubingen (1887-93); was appointed associate professor of history in the University of Tiibingen (1893), where since 1896 he has been professor of church history and pedagogics. In addition to his work as associate editor of the Tiibinger theologische Qtcartalschrift and the Archiv fiir katholisches Kirchenrecht, he has written Die Papstwahlen and die Staaten von 1/,ls7-1666 (Tiibingen, 1890); Die Papstwahlbullen and das staatliche Recht der Exclusive (1892); Zur Geschichte des Kardinalats, ein Traktat des Bischofs von Feltre and Treviso Teodoro sle' Lelli fiber slas Verhkltnis vom Primat and Kardinalat (Freiburg, 1893); Die Thiitigkeit and Stellung der Kardinlile bei Papst Bonifaz Vlll. (1896); Lehrbuch des katholischen Kirchenrechts (1904, 2d ed., 1909); Die kirchliche Aufklarung am Hoje Herzog Karl Eugens von Wiirttemberg (1906); Die Trennung von Kirche and Ststat (Mainz, 1907); Die Bischofswahl bei Crratian (Cologne, 1908); and Wissenschaft and Glaube in der kirchlichen Aufkhirung (1910).

SAGITTARIUS, s8"git-t8'rf-us (SCHUETZE), KASPAR: German Lutheran theologian and historian; b. at Liineburg (68 m. n.n.e. of Hanover) Sept. 23, 1643; d. at Jena Mar. 9, 1694. He was educated at the University of Helmstadt, where his studies took the widest range, and after preaching at Helmstadt, Liineburg, and elsewhere, and visiting Brunswick, Magdeburg, Halberstadt, and Copenhagen, he completed his training at Leipsic, Wittenberg, Jena, and Altdorf. In 1668 he accepted a call to Saalfeld as rector of the school there, and three years later was appointed to a professorship at Jena, being transferred to the chair of history in 1674. His energy was thenceforth devoted primarily to the history of German Protestantism, especially in Saxony and Thuringia. Sagittarius was also involved in a number of controversies, of which the most noteworthy was his defense of Pietism in and after 1691. Among his numerous writings special mention may be made of the following: Harmonic historice passionis Jesu Christi (Jena, 1671; revised edition 1684); Historic antiquissima

urbis Bardevici. (1674); Epistola de antiquo Thuringite statu (1675); Nucleus historice Germanicse (1675); Dissertatio de prcscipius scriptoribus historice Germanicss (1675; the first attempt at a history of German historiography); Antiquitates regni Tbur